Kunyange zvazvo varwere vakawanda vanoshandisa mishonga sezvinorayirwa, kushungurudzwa uye kushaya zvinodhaka pamishonga yemishonga ndeye zvinetso zvehutano zvevanhu vazhinji veAmerica.
Zvisinei, kusvuta zvinowanzoitika kune avo vanoshandisa mishonga sezvinorayirwa; mukana wekupindwa muropa kunovapo apo mishonga inoshandiswa mune dzimwe nzira kunze kwezvakanyorwa.
Varwere, vanachiremba, uye vashandi vehutano vose vanoita basa mukudzivirira nekuona kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka zvinodhaka.
Pain uye Opiophobia
Pakurapa marwadzo, vatapi vezvoutano vave vachirwisana nechinetso:
Nzira yekugadzirisa sei kutambura kwevarwere pavanenge vachidzivirira mikana yevarwere ivavo kuti vashandise mishonga inorwadza?
Vanachiremba vazhinji vanorondedzera kuti vanorwara nehaini nokuti vanonyanya kufungidzira zvinogona kuitwa nevarwere kuti vashandise mishonga yakadai se morphine uye codeine. Kunyange zvazvo mishonga iyi inotakura ngozi yakawanda yekudhakwa, tsvakurudzo yakaratidza kuti zvinotarisirwa nevatengi kuti varwere vachava vakapindwa muropa nemishonga inorwadza zvikuru havakwanisi. Iko kutya kwekunyorera mishonga yemarwadzo opioid inozivikanwa se "opiophobia."
Vakawanda vanorwara vanorayirwa opioid yekutambudzika, kunyange avo vari kutarirwa kwenguva refu, havaiti mishonga. Varwere vashomanana vanokurumidza kukurumidza uye vakaratidza kushivirira kwekudhakwa kweopioid kazhinji vane nhoroondo yezvinetso zvepfungwa kana kusati vashandise zvinodhaka.
Muzvokwadi, zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kushandiswa kwezvakashandiswa kwemishonga ye opioid inowanzove yakagwinya mune hutano, nondrug-vasingashandi vanozvipira. Chimwe chekudzidza chakawana kuti 4 chete pavanenge vane 12 000 varwere vakapiwa opioid yekutambudzika kwakanyanya vakave vakadhakwa. Mukudzidza 38 varwere vasingaperi, vazhinji vavo vakagamuchira maopioid kwemakore mana kusvika kumakore manomwe, 2 chete vakave vakapindwa muropa, uye vose vakange vane nhoroondo yekushandisa zvinodhaka.
Nyaya dzekunyoreswa kweapioid uye kutambura kwemamiriyoni evarwere vasingagamuchiri kupora kwakakwana kunokonzera kukura kwemashoko ekurapa marwadzo. Izvi zvingabatsira kubvisa kuguma kwekunyora pasi, asi mamwe maitiro ehutano hwekutambudzika achiri kudiwa. NIDA-mari yemasayendisiti vanoenderera mberi kutsvaga nzira itsva dzekutarisa marwadzo uye kukudziridza mishonga yemarwadzo mutsva anoshanda asi haave neanokwanisa kukanganisa.
Kuongorora Kurapa Kwekushandisa Kushandisa Zvinodhaka Nekusangana Nemibvunzo Inyore
- Wati wambofunga here kuti unoda kuderedza kushandisa kwako mishonga yemishonga?
- Wati wambonzwa wakagumburwa nemashoko shamwari yako kana vadikanwa vako vakaita nezvekushandisa kwako mishonga yemishonga here?
- Wati wambonzwa uine mhosva here kana kuti unozvidemba pamusoro pekushandisa kwako mishonga yemishonga?
- Wati wamboshandisa mishonga yemishonga senzira ye "kuenda" kana kuti "kudzikama pasi?"
Basa revarwere
Kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana apo varwere vanogona kudzivirira kushandisa zvinodhaka zvinodhaka.
- Paunoshanyira chiremba, shandisa nhoroondo yakakwana yezvokurapa uye tsanangudzo yechikonzero chekushanyira kunoona kuti chiremba anonzwisisa kuchema uye anogona kupa mishonga yakakodzera.
- Kana chiremba akarayira mushonga, tevera mazano ekushandisa zvakanyatsodzidza uye udzidze nezvemigumisiro iyo mishonga inogona kuva nayo, kunyanya mumazuva mashomanana ekutanga apo muviri unofananidzwa nemishonga.
- Iva nechokwadi chekugona kusangana nemamwe madhiragi.
- Usawedzera kana kuderedza kuderedza kana kumira uchingotora mishonga usingabvunzi mutapi wehutano kutanga.
- Usamboshandisa mushonga weumwe munhu.
Basa reVafamadzi
Vanachipatara vanoita basa mukudzivirira kushandisa chiremba kushandiswa zvisina kunaka uye kushungurudzwa ne:
- Kutsanangura nzira yekutora mishonga zvakakodzera.
- Kupa ruzivo rwakajeka pamusoro pemigumisiro inogona kuve nemishonga.
- Kupa mazano pamusoro pemhando ipi zvayo inoshandiswa nemishonga.
Vanogonawo kubatsira kudzivirira mishonga yekunyengedza kana kuparadzanisa nekutsvaga zvinyorwa zvenhema.
Basa rehutano hweVateresi
Vatano vezvehutano vari munzvimbo yakasiyana-siyana kwete kungopa mishonga inoda kudiwa asiwo zvakare:
- Ziva kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka zvinodhaka kana zviripo.
- Batsira murwere kuziva chirwere.
- Ita zvinangwa zvekudzorera, uye tsvaka kurapa kwakakodzera kana zvichidiwa.
Kuchengetedza kwemarudzi ose ekushandisa zvinodhaka kunogona kuiswa muitiro wenguva yakaitika kare kutora nemibvunzo pamusoro pezvipi zvinyorwa uye pamusoro pezvinodhaka zvinodhaka murwere ari kutora uye nei. Kuongorora kunogonawo kuitika kana murwere achipa zviratidzo zvakasiyana zvinosangana nechinetso chekushandisa kwechinhu.
Nokufamba kwenguva, vashandi vanofanirwa kucherechedza kukurumidza kukurumidza kwehuwandu hwechirwere chinodiwa - chinogona kuratidza kukura kwekushivirira - kana kukumbira kakawanda kwezvigadziriswa usati hwawanda hwakatemerwa unofanira kunge hwakashandiswa. Vanofanirawo kuva vakangwarira kuti ivo vanodhakwa kumishonga yemishonga vanogona kupinda mu "chiremba kutenga", vachifamba kubva kumutengesi kuti vapiwe mukuedza kuwana mitemo yakawanda yemishonga inoshandisa zvisina kunaka. Kudzivirira kana kumisa chirwere chekushandisa zvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa chikamu chinokosha chekutarisira kurapa. Zvisinei, vatapi vezvehutano havafaniri kuchengetedza kuisa painkillers, kana vachidikanwa.
Mhedziso: NIDA Gwaro: Dhiyabhorosi Dhiragi: Kushatiswa uye Kuwedzererwa, 9/14/2005