Muna May 2013, American Psychiatric Association (APA) yakabudisa bhuku rechishanu reDaagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders (DSM-5). Iyo DSM inopa zvikamu zvehutano hwemagariro, uchishandisa mitemo yakatarwa uye mutauro unozivikanwa. Neyiyi shanduro itsva, APA mbiri yakanyatsogadzirisa uye yakawedzera kudarika kwayo kwekugadzikana kwepfungwa kunetseka kwepfungwa (PTSD) uye zviratidzo zvayo, mamiriro ezvinhu anotanga kuonekwa muDMM muna 1980.
Nhamba Yatsva
Yakataridzirwa sechirwere chekuzvidya mwoyo, PTSD ikozvino inonzi "kushungurudzika uye chirwere chinokonzera kushungurudzika." Kusagadzikana mune zvakasarudzwa, zvakadai sePTSD, kuora mwoyo kunetseka (ASD), kugadzirisa chirwere (AD), kushandiswa kwekusagadzikana kunetseka (RAD) uye kudzivisa kubatana nehutano hwehutano (DSED) zvose zvinoda kuiswa kune humwe hutano hwehupenyu hunokonzera mamiriro ezvinhu.Kuitika kwePTSD neADD, mupfungwa inofanira kunge inoshungurudza.
Pamusoro pePTSD, kubudiswa kunorwadza uku kunogona kubva kune chimwe chezvinhu zvina: kutarisana zvakananga kumatambudziko ; kupupurira kushungurudzika mumunhu; kudzidza shamwari yepedyo kana hama yako yakawirwa nenjodzi (kusanzwisiswa pachena); uye kudzokorora kana kunyatsonyatsotarisana nemashoko ekudzidzira kwechiitiko chacho - kazhinji munguva yebasa remabasa. I DSM inonyanya kutaura semuenzaniso wechina kubva kune avo vadzidzisi vanoramba vachinyatsobudiswa kune tsanangudzo yekushungurudzwa kwevana (zvakadai sevashandi vomunharaunda) uye vekutanga vanoita basa rekutora chikamu chemuviri.
Iyo DSM haifungi "kusanzwisisiki kwekwenyika isiri yedzidzo kuburikidza nemagetsi ehurumende, terevhizheni, mafirimu kana mifananidzo" kuti ive chikonzero chekutambudzika kwePTSD. Kuita kuti munhu atambure ndeyeChiteri A yePTSD muDMM.
Chinyorwa B chinotaura nezvezviratidzo zvekupindira, kusanganisira zviyeuchidzo zvekare nezvechiitiko; traumatic nightmares; uye dissociative flashbacks.
Criterion C inotarisa mukudzivisa mafungiro kana manzwiro ane chokuita nekutambudzika; kana kudzivisa kwevanhu, nzvimbo, mabasa kana zvinhu zvinoshumira sezviyeuchidzo zvekunze.
Criterion D inosangana nokuchinja kusina kunaka mukugadzirisa uye manzwiro. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira dissociative amnesia; kuramba uye kushandura mafungiro asina kunaka pamusoro pedu; manzwiro asina kunaka anokanganisa zvakadai sekutya, kutsamwa uye kunyadziswa; kuderedza kufarira kuita zvinhu zvinotambudza; manzwiro ekuparadzanisa; uye kusakwanisa kuva nemafungiro akanaka.
Criterion E inoshandiswa pane kuchinja mukusimudzira nekuita zvekare, uye kunosanganisira maitiro ekutsamwa; hypervigilance; kunyanyisa kukurumidza kupindura; matambudziko kuisa; unhu hunokuvadza kana hunyengeri; uye zvakaoma kurara.
Kuita Kuziva
Kuti zviongorwe nePTSD, zviratidzo zvakanyorwa mumagariro B kuburikidza neE dzinofanira kuramba dziripo mwedzi mwedzi; dzinofanira kukonzera kutambudzika kukuru kana kuora mwoyo; uye haafaniri kunge ari pamhosva yemishonga, kushandisa zvinodhaka kana zvimwe zvirwere. (Criteria F-H)
Pane nzira dzakasiyana dzinoshandiswa kuongorora vana vane makore 6 uye vaduku nePTSD; chimiro ichi chePTSD chinozivikanwa sechikoro chechikoro chekare. Semuenzaniso, muCriterion B iyo intrusion inogona kuuya panzvimbo yekudzokorora zvakare uye manheru haafaniri kutaurira zvakananga nezvekutambudzika.
Kuvhiringidzika kwavo kunogona kupa sezvinongoita hasha zvakanyanya. Vana vanogona kuratidza zvakare kushungurudzwa kuburikidza nokutamba. Mukutaura, vanogona kubviswa uye kusagadzikana kwekutamba kunogona kuitika.
Kuongorora kwePTSD kwakashandurwa kuve nokuziva kusiyana kwekukura kwekuti chirwere chacho chinoratidzwa sei mumapoka akasiyana-siyana. Nokudaro, kuongorora kwepachikoro chekuongorora zvekare kunosanganisirawo zvimwe zviratidzo zvisingabatsiri kuvana vaduku vakadai, kusanganisira dissociative amnesia uye kuramba vachizvipa mhosva. Kazhinji, vana vaduku ava havaratidzi maitiro asina kunaka, ayo anowanzowanzoonekwa kune vanotakura varwere vePTSD, uyewo havatombofungi nezveramangwana rakachengetedzwa nekuda kwekunyatsonzwisisa kwavo pfungwa yenguva pachayo.
Vose vana nevakuru vose vari vaviri vanogona kuonekwa ne dissociative subtype yePTSD, iyo inopinda mu DSM-5. Mukuwedzera pakupa nezviratidzo zvakakwana kuti uwane hutano hwePTSD, murwere anowedzerawo kuenzanisa (depledtion of reality or sense of reality) pazvikwata zvinorema zvakanyanya kudarika kuparadzana kazhinji inosanganiswa nePTSD zvishoma.
Zviratidzo zvePTSD zvinogona kunge zviripo pakarepo mushure mekutambudzika, kunyange zvazvo murwere angave asingakwanise kuita zvose zvinotanga pakutanga. Kana kuongororwa kunoitwa kwemwedzi inopfuura mitanhatu mushure mekutambudza kwepakutanga, kuongororwa kunoonekwa se "PTSD nekutadza kutaura."
PTSD migumisiro inosvika masere kubva muzana evaAmerica seimwe pfungwa muupenyu hwavo.
> Kwakabva:
> American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Pfungwa dzekuchinja kubva DSM-IV-TR kusvika DSM-5. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.