FDA inonyevera pamusoro pekratom, mishonga inoshandiswa mukurwadziwa uye kuvimba kweapioid
Iwe unogona kunge wakanzwa nezvekratom ( Mitragyna speciosa ), mishonga yekuwedzera yemishonga inoshandiswa kare kare muSouth-Asia nokuda kwesimba uye kubatsira kubvisa aches nemarwadzo. Derivedzerwa nemhando yomuti wemizambiringa, kratom ine alkaloid zvinonzi mitragynine uye 7-hydroxymitragynine.
Nzira yeKatom Inogona Kushanda Sei
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mitragynine uye 7-hydroxymitragynine inogona kubatsira kutarisa marwadzo nekubatanidza mapuroteni anonzi opioid receptors uye, zvakare, kuderedza kunzwisisika kunzwisisika.
Opioid mishonga (boka remishonga inoshandiswa pakurwadziwa kwepumusoro) inoshanda nenzira imwecheteyo, nekuderedza kuwanda kwezviratidzo zvinorwadza kusvika kuuropi. Vanoderedzawo migumisiro yekushungurudza kunorwadza kuburikidza nekukurudzira uropi munzvimbo dzinobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa mafungiro.
Kratom inonzi iine simba rinokurudzira mumadekisi makuru uye sedative mupamusoro doses.
Zvishandiso zveKratom
Kunyange zvazvo kratom inowanzoshandiswa kusimbisa simba uye kugadzirisa kushungurudzika, mumakore achangopfuura, kratom yakave yakakurumbira seimwe nzira yemishonga yemarwadzo opioid semvura inonzi hydrocodone (semuenzaniso, Vicodin) uye oxycodone (semuenzaniso, OxyContin). Muzviitiko zvizhinji, kratom inoshandiswa kugadzirisa kurwadziwa kusingaperi kunobatanidza nemamiriro ezvinhu akafanana neArthritis uye fibromyalgia.
Kratom inowedzera kushandiswa semiriwo nzira yekuderedza zviratidzo zvinosanganisira opioid kubvisa, zvakadai semasumbu aches uye kushungurudzika kwepfungwa.
Nzira Yakasiyana Nayo yeOpioid?
Kubva muna 1999, chiyero chemishonga inonzi opioid inotengeswa muUnited States inenge inokwana makumi mana, maererano neCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Munguva iyoyo, nhamba yevakafa kubva pamutemo inonzi opioids yakagadzikawo katatu. Mukuwedzera, vanhu vazhinji vakafa kubva kune zvinodhaka zvinodhaka muna 2014 kupfuura kune rimwe gore ripi zvaro rakanyorwa, uye vanopfuura makumi matanhatu kubva pane gumi kubva kune avo vakafa vanosanganisira opioid.
Vakawanda vanotsigira kratom vanoti mushonga unogona kushanda senzira yekugadzirisa dambudziko reopioid, zvose kuburikidza nekupa imwe sarudzo yekununurwa nekurwadziwa uye nekubatsira avo vanonetseka kukundwa kukanganisa opioid.
Mutemo
Musi waAugust 30, 2016, US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) yakaratidza chido chavo chekuisa zvikamu zviviri zvemishonga inoshanda pamushonga wayo weChirongwa I chemasitraini kubvira musi waSeptember 30, 2016.
Dare reAA rakabvisa chiziviso chayo chinangwa munaOctober, 2016 uye yakazarura hurumende yekutaura kwenguva yakagara kusvikira December 1, 2016.
Zvimwewo zvinosanganisira heroin uye MDMA, madhigirirwo I Purogiramu I inofungidzirwa kuti "hapana ikozvino inogamuchirwa kurapwa kwepamusoro uye yakakosha yekushandisa kushandiswa." Mitragynine ne7-hydroxymitragynine ndiyo ikratom inogadzirirwa kuenzanisirwa seHedheni I zvinodhaka, kuitora kana kutengesa mishonga isiri pamutemo. Kratom yaizogara pane Purogiramu Yandinyorera kwemakore maviri.
Icho chinangwa cheDEA chekuisa mitragynine uye 7-hydroxymitragynine pamutsetse wayo weChirongwa cheRedhi I chakasangana nehuwandu hwekudzokera shure. Pakazosvika pakati paSeptember, 2016, somuenzaniso, vapikisi vaifamba nemakumbo kuRafayette Park muWashington, DC, uye vakapa chikumbiro chakasayirwa nevanhu vanopfuura 120 000 vanorambidza urambidzwa.
Pamusangano uyu, Mutanical Education Alliance mutungamiri Travis Lowin akataura kuti DEA "yakakundikana nevaAmerica mukuedza kwayo kurwisa denda reOpioid, uye kutarisa kratom kuchaita kuti mamiriro acho akawedzere."
Maererano neavo vanopesana nekurambidzwa, kuisa kratom's alklaoids paIndaneti I mishonga yekushandisa zvinodhaka kunobvisawo tsvakurudzo inowedzera pamusoro pemishonga.
Musi waNovember 14, 2017, Mutungamiriri weUnited States and Food Drug Administration (FDA) Scott Gottlieb, MD, akabudisa mazano ezvehutano hwehutano pamusoro pezvinetso zvinosangana nekratom.
Tsvakurudzo pamusoro peKatom
Kusvika ikozvino, kubudiswa kwekutsvaga kwekratom zvingabatsirika zvakadai sekurwadziwa kwekurwadziwa uye opioid dzimwe nzira ishoma. Iro inotsvakurudza iripo inosanganisira mushumo wakabudiswa muInternational Journal pamusoro peDrug Policy muna 2010, iyo masayendisiti akaongorora 136 vanoshandiswa vanoshandisa kratom uye akawana kuti mishonga "yakarondedzerwa seinotengwa, nyore nyore uye isina madhara akaipa kunze kwekushandisa kwenguva refu." Uyu mushumo waisanganisira kusaedza kratom yemigumisiro yehutano kana njodzi dzinogona kuitika.
Mune imwe mharidzo yemazuva ano, yakabudiswa muDrug and Alcohol Dependence muna 2014, vatsvakurudzi vakatsvaga 293 vashandisi vaigara kratom uye vakatsunga kuti kupfuura hafu yakave nematambudziko akakomba. Zviratidzo zvinosangana nekratom kuregera zvinosanganisira maronda emasumbu, kuvhiringidzika kurara, kutsamwa, uye kukanganiswa.
Tsvakurudzo yakanyatsogadzirwa mumagetsi yakabudiswa mu Journal of Medicinal Chemistry muna 2016 inoratidza kuti kratom inogona kusinganono kufema kufanana nemamwe mishonga yakafanana ne morphine. Tichifunga kuti kufa kwekodzero yeopioid overdose inowanzoguma mugumisiro wekupemha, kutsvakurudza kwekutsvaga kunoratidza kuti kuwedzera kutsvakurudza pamusoro pemishonga mu kratom kunofanirwa.
Migumisiro Yechipfuva Nokuchengeteka Kunetseka
Kratom inoratidzika kuti inokonzera kushungurudza, kurutsa, kupisa, uye chirwere, pane dzimwe nguva.
Kubva munaJanuary 2010 kusvika munaDisemba 2015, nzvimbo dzeUnited States dzakagamuchira 660 call dzakabatana nekratom kujekesa, maererano neDAA.
IAA inotiwo kushandiswa kwekratom kunogona kutungamirira kudivi, uye kuti "maitiro akawanda e psychosis anobva mukushandiswa kratom ave akaudzwa, apo vanhu vakavhengetedza kratom vakaratidza zviratidzo zvepfungwa, kusanganisira kuisa pfungwa, kusanganisa, uye kuvhiringidzika."
Kurasikirwa zviratidzo, izvo zvinowanzoonekwa kuti zvine simba pakufananidzwa nemishonga yeopioid, zvakashumwa, zvakadai sekuwedzera kwemisumbu uye marwadzo, kunetseka kurara, kupisa kunopisa, fivha, maziso anoona, mhepo inopisa, kupera kwechido, kushungurudzika kwemanzwiro, uye kuora .
Kunyange zvazvo nyaya dzenyaya dzakarondedzera kugona, kusagadzikana, kupindira, kukwirira kweropa, kusaona zvakanyanya, kusuruvara, hypothyroidism, kugunun'una, psychosis, hepatitis, uye coma kuvanhu vanoshandisa kratom, hazvizivikanwi kuti zvakadini zvakakodzera kratom.
Njodzi dzinoita sedzakakwirira kana dzakatorwa muzvinyorwa zvakanyanyisa (izvo zvine simba rakakwirira), zvinosanganiswa nemamwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa pfungwa, zvinodhaka, kana kuti adulterants, kana kana zvichitorwa nevanhu vane doro kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka, nhoroondo yekurwisa heroin, kana humwe hutano mamiriro ezvinhu.
IAEA yakataura kuti kratom yakabatanidzwa nevakafa makumi matatu munyika yose, uye hapana inenge ichiita kunge yakakodzera chete kratom. Pakati pemakore gumi nematanhatu akadai kufa kratom-akabatana pakati pegore ra2014 ne2016, 14 akashandisa mamwe madhiragi kana zvimwe zvinhu zvisiri pamutemo. Chikamu chepfumbamwe chepfumbamwe chinouraya muSweden chakanga chakabatanidzwa kune chigadzirwa chakatengeswa se "Krypton", iyo yakawanikwa ichishandiswa neO-desmethyltramadol, opiate yakabatana ne tramadol.
Maererano nezano re FDA, "FDA inoziva mitsara yevanhu vakafa makumi matatu nemasere vanoshandiswa nemishonga ine kratom."
Iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekushandisa zvigadziridzo zvakachengeteka, asi ramba uchifunga kuti mishonga yemishonga haina kuongororwa neU.S. Food and Drug Administration vasati vasvika pamusika. Somugumisiro, hapana chivimbiso chekuti add supplement ichava nemishonga inoratidzwa pairira (kana kuti izvo zvigadzirwa zvicharatidzika mumari inoratidzirwa). Kubudiswa uye kusvibiswa nemimwe mishonga, miriwo, uye zvinhu zvinogoneka.
Shoko Rinobva
Kurarama nemarwadzo hazvisi nyore. Kana iwe uchirarama nemarwadzo, iwe unogona kunge uchitove uchiziva zvakare kushanda kwakakomba kunogona kuva nehuhu hwehupenyu hwako.
Kana uri kufunga nezvekuedza kratom, unofanira kutaura nemutarisiri wako kutanga.
Mamwe makiriniki ekurwadziwa ari kutsvaga nzira dzinobatanidza, pamwe chete nemarwadzo ekurwadza, kutarisira kana kurarama nemarwadzo. Somuenzaniso, kufunga (uye mamwe maitiro emagariro) kunogona kubatsira vamwe vanhu kuramba vachirwadziwa-vachitungamirirwa pasinei nezvinetso zvehupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
> Sources:
> Adkins JE, Boyer EW, McCurdy CR. Mitragyna speciosa, a psychoactive tree kubva kuSouth-East Asia ane mabasa opioid. Curr Top Med Chem. 2011; 11 (9): 1165-75.
> Prozialeck WC, Jivan JK, Andurkar SV. Pharmacology ye kratom: anowanzobuda botanical agent neinosimudzira, analgesic uye opioid-yakafanana nemigumisiro. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2012 Dec; 112 (12): 792-9.
> Singh D, Müller CP, Vicknasingam BK. Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) kuvimba, kubvisa zviratidzo uye kuda muvanoshandisa nguva dzose. Doro Doro Rinotsigira. 2014 Jun 1; 139: 132-7.
> Váradi A, Marrone GF, Palmer TC, uye al. Mitragynine / Corynantheidine Pseudoindoxyls SeApioid Analgesics ne Mu Agonism uye Delta Antagonism, Izvo Zvisina Kuwana β-Arrestin-2. J Med Chem. 2016 Sep 2.
> Vicknasingam B, Narayanan S, Beng GT, Mansor SM. Kushandiswa kusina kushandiswa kweketum (Mitragyna speciosa) yekutsvaga maopioid kumaodzanyemba kwenyika ye peninsular kuMalaysia uye zvinoshandiswa pakurapa kwechirwere chechirwere. Int J Drug Policy. 2010 Jul; 21 (4): 283-8.
> Kuzvidzivirira: Mashoko aya anowanikwa pane iyi inochengeterwa zvinangwa zvekudzidzisa chete uye haasi kutsiva mazano, kuongororwa kana kurapwa nechiremba ane chiremba. Hazvirevi kuvhara zvose zvinogona kumira, kushamwaridzana kwezvinodhaka, mamiriro ezvinhu kana zvinetso zvakashata. Iwe unofanirwa kutsvaga kurapwa nokukurumidza mune zvehutano kune chero hutano hwehutano uye bvunza chiremba wako usati washandisa mamwe mushonga kana kuita shanduko kune regimen yako.