Kuzviuraya ndeimwe yezvinokonzera rufu muvana vakwegura uye vechidiki.
Zvechokwadi, muna 2014, vechidiki vanosvika 2,145 vakafa nekuzviuraya, vachiita kuti ive yechipiri chikonzero chinokonzera rufu rwevechiri kuyaruka - kungoitika mushure mekukuvadza kusingatarisirwi. Zvinotoshamisa kuti kenza uye chirwere chemwoyo zvakasvika kune imwe nzvimbo yakanyanya kure nevana, uye vanenge 800 uye 350 vakafa mumwe nomumwe.
Kunyange kune vanotengesa, vana vane makore 9 kusvika ku12, kuzviuraya ndicho chinokonzera rufu, kutarisa sechina chekutanga chinokonzera rufu muna 2014 uye 117 kufa kwekuzviuraya.
Teen Kuzviuraya Nhamba
Zvinosuruvarisa, nhamba dzinoratidza kuti kuzviuraya kwevechiri kuyaruka vari kuwedzera.
Mushure mokutadza kwekuzviuraya kwekuzviuraya kubva muna 1996 kusvikira muna 2007, mazana ekuzviuraya kwevechidiki ave achichera kuwedzera zvakare.
Sei?
Nyanzvi hadzisi chokwadi, asi pfungwa dzinosanganisira:
- kuwedzera kuwanika kwepfuti
- kuwedzera kushandisa doro
- kuchinja kweInternet social network, zvakadai sa Facebook
- kuwedzera kwemitengo yekuzviuraya pakati pevechiri kuyaruka vari kushumira, kana kudzoka kubva kuIraq
Imwe nyanzvi inotungamira ndeyokuti kukwira kwevechiri kuyaruka kuzviuraya kunogona kuva nekuti vashoma vaduku vari kurapwa nevanorwara nevanorwara kana vakaora mwoyo. Izvi zvinotevera chiyevero cha2003 chaAIDS pamusoro pevanhu vanodzvinyirira uye kuzviuraya. Zvisinei, sezvo kuora mwoyo kusingatauri pachako kune ngozi yekuzviuraya, vashomanana vanotora zvinodhaka zvinodhaka vanogona kuva nemigumisiro isingadi yekutungamirira kune kuzviuraya.
Munyika yose, vanenge vechidiki vanenge 90 000 vanozviuraya gore negore, vane mamiriyoni mana ekuzviuraya. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti mumwe wechidiki anofa nekuzviuraya kwemaminitsi mashanu.
Kuzviuraya Njodzi Zviitiko Muvechidiki
Mukuwedzera pane kusaora mwoyo, zvimwe zvinodzivirira kuzviuraya zvinosanganisira:
- kushungurudzika kwepfungwa
- chisingaperi chishuvo
- kare kuzviuraya kuedza
- genetics - mhuri yemhuri yekuzviuraya kana mamiriro ekurapa
- mufambiro wehutano
- mwana kushungurudzwa
- kurwisa zvepabonde
- zviitiko zvinotambudza, kusanganisira ukama hukama, matambudziko emhuri, nezvimwewo.
- kushandisa zvinodhaka uye doro
- zvinetso zvekudya
- being bullied
- kusiya chikoro
- kutora mamwe mishonga, kusanganisira antidepressants, Strattera (atomoxetine), mishonga yeAdHD, uye Accutane (isotretinoin), iyo inoshandiswa kurapa vechidiki vane chirwere chakakomba chinonzi nodulocystic acne, uye zvinodhaka zvinodhaka, zvakadai seTegretol (carbamazepine), Depakoke (valproate), uye Lamictal (lamotrigine)
Kuzviuraya kunowanzoonekwawo kune vanoita zvepabonde uye vanoita zvepabonde.
Kuzviuraya Kuraira Zviratidzo
Maererano neAmerican Association of Suicidology, zviratidzo zvinonyevera zvekuzviuraya zvinogona kusanganisira:
- kuva nemafungiro ekuzviuraya, achityisidzira kuzvikuvadza pachake, kutsvaga nzira yekuzvikuvadza iye pachake, kunyora nezvekufa, nemamwe marudzi ekuzviuraya
- kunyanya kushandisa zvinodhaka, kusanganisira kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka uye zvinodhaka
- manzwiro okusina maturo kana kuti havana chikonzero chokurarama
- kuzvidya mwoyo zviratidzo
- kunzwa uchinetseka sekunge pasina nzira yokubuda mumamiriro ezvinhu iyezvino kana matambudziko
- manzwiro ekusava netariro
- kurega kubva kune shamwari neshamwari uye zviitiko zvezviitiko
- kunzwa kusadzivirirwa kutsamwa nehasha kana kutsvaka kutsiva kune mumwe munhu
- achiita asinganzwisisi uye asingafungi
- kuva nekunaka mafungiro anochinja
Kana iwe uchifunga kuti mwana wenyu ari kuyaruka ane chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyevera zvekuzviuraya, usazvinyima. Vimba netsika dzako uye ezvo edza kuwana mamwe mashoko kana kutsvaga rubatsiro rwakawedzerwa.
Kudzivirira Teen Kuzviuraya
Mukuwedzera kune vose vechidiki vanobudirira kuzviuraya, kune vakawanda vanoedza kuzviuraya. Nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti 20 kusvika ku25% yevechidiki vanobvuma kufunga nezvekuzviuraya pane imwe nguva muhupenyu hwavo uye nokuda kwekuzviuraya kwose, kune pakati pe5 kusvika ku45 kuedza kuzviuraya.
Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakakosha zvikuru kuvabereki, vanachiremba vevana, uye nevamwe vose vanogara vachiri kuyaruka vachiri kuyaruka kuti vanzwisise nzira yekuedza nekudzivirira kuzviuraya, zvakadai se:
- kuziva zviitiko zvinopisa uye zviratidzo zvekuzviuraya
- kushevedza National Suicide Prevention Lifeline kana uchida mazano pakutaura nemwana wako wekuyaruka iwe unofunga kuti angazviuraya zviratidzo zvinonyevera
- kutsvaga rubatsiro rwezvenyanzvi, dzakadai sachiremba wevana, mwana wechipatara chepfungwa, chipatara chepfungwa, kana chipinda chekukurumidzira kana iwe uchifunga kuti mwana wako achazvikuvadza iye pachake
- kuve nechokwadi chokuti pfuti nemishonga hazviwanike nyore mumba mako kana mwana wenyu ari kuyaruka angazviuraya
- kutora vechidiki rubatsiro rwehutano kana vane dambudziko uye / kana kushushikana , izvo zvinowanzofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo ngozi huru yekuzviuraya
Iwe unofanirawo kuva nechokwadi chokuti vana vako vanoziva kuti vanogona kukumbira rubatsiro kana vakambofunga nezvekuzvikuvadza ivo pachavo, kusanganisira kudana National Suicide Prevention Lifeline - 1-800-273-TALK (8255), vachidana chiremba wavo, vachidana 911, kana kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo dambudziko remunharaunda kana muimba yekukurumidzira.
Sources:
American Association of Suicidology. Kuzviuraya Kunyevera Zviratidzo Zvinyorwa.
Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control and Prevention (CDC). Web-based Injury Statistics Query uye Reporting System (WISQARS) [Online]. (2014) National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC (muparidzi). Inowanikwa kubva kune http://www.cdc.gov/injury/ wisqars / index.html.
Kliegman: Nelson Nhamba yeBhuku rePediatrics, 18th ed.
National Centre for Health Statistics. 10 Kutungamirira Zvinokonzera Rufu, United States. Rudzi Rwose, Zvose Zvepabonde.
Kuzviuraya mune vana nevechiri kuyaruka. Greydanus DE - Prim Care; 34 (2): 259-73.
Sullivan et al. Kuzviuraya Kwekuzviuraya Pakati Pevanhu Vakwegura 10-24 Makore - United States, 1994-2012. MMWR. March 6, 2015/64 (08); 201-205.