Kunonoka kufunga kunogona kuva nyaya muna ADHD
Kutadza kukanganiswa kwehuwandu hwehutano (ADHD) hunotsanangurwa ne zvitatu zvakasiyana zvakasiyana:
- iyo inonyanya kusaterera
- iyo inonyanya kunyanya kuipa-inogadziriswa
- rudzi rwakabatana
Vamwe vanhu vane rudzi rwakanyanya kunyanya kutarisirwa rweDHD vanoratidzawo mahedheni ezviratidzo zvinowirirwa nemafambiro ane usimbe-ethargic uye fogginess mupfungwa.
Ndicho chirevo chezviitiko izvo zvakatsanangurwa se "sviggish cognitive tempo" (kana kuti SCT).
Zviratidzo zveSCT zvinosanganisira:
- kazhinji zuva nezuva
- tsika yekunyonganiswa nyore nyore
- pfungwa fogginess
- Unyengeri-unhu hunoita
- kugona
- nguva dzose kutarisa munzvimbo
- kushandiswa kunonoka kwemashoko
- kusakanganwa kukurumidza kuyeuka
- kusashamwaridzana kwevanhu, kubvuma, uye kubvisa
Vanhu vane SCT vanowanzoomerwa nekugadzirisa matambudziko, kuzvipira-sangano, kuzvidzora uye kugadzirisa makwikwi ezvinyorwa zvemashoko. Vanowanzoonekwa sevanonyengera (vashoma vanoshingaira).
SCT Zviratidzo uye History DSM
Bhuku Rekuongorora uye Statistical Manual reMental Disorders (DSM), rakabudiswa neAmerica Psychiatric Association, ndiro bhuku rekuongorora uye kuongororwa kwezvirwere zvepfungwa zvinoshandiswa nevanoita nezvehutano hwepfungwa muUnited States. Ikozvino shanduro, DSM-IV, yakabudiswa muna 1994, ine shanduro yekudzokorora (DSM-IV-TR) yakabudiswa muna 2000.
I DSM inorondedzera zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoda kuongororwa. Shanduro inotevera yebhuku, DSM-V , inotarisirwa muna 2013.
Zviratidzo zvekunyengera kunzwisisika kwemaitiro zvakatanga kubatanidzwa neAdHD mune shanduro yechitatu ye DSM, yakabudiswa muna 1980. DSM-III akashandisa izwi rokuti "kucherechedza chirwere" (ADD) uye akawedzera kunzwisisa kwechirwere, achiziva kuti kuora mwoyo kutarisa kunogona kuitika zvakasiyana nekusava nehanya uye kusagadzikana.
Nhengo mbiri dzakasarudzwa dzakaonekwa muDMM-III: DZADZISA nehuwandu hwehutano uye ADD musina kushaya simba. Icho chikamu ADD pasina kusasarura hachina kuratidza "kutadza kwakakwana" sezvinoreva zita; zvisinei, vana vakanga vachiri kutarisirwa kuratidza matambudziko makuru nekusafunga.
Kubudiswa kweshanduro yechitatu ye DSM manual (DSM-III-R) muna 1987 haina kuparadzanisa zviratidzo zvekusaziva, kusagadzikana, uye kusagadzikana, kutarisa zviratidzo zvitatu zvepakutanga seboka. Zvikamu zviviri zvakaonekwa - kushaya-kukanganisa kusagadzikana kwehutano uye kusava nehanya-kukanganiswa kwepfungwa.
Muna 1994, shanduro yechina yakaparadzanisa zviratidzo mumapoka maviri - kutadza uye kushaya simba / kusagadzikana. Iko mitatu yazvino yemazana eADHD yakaonekwa - inonyanya kutadza, iyo inonyanya kushaya simba-yakagadziriswa uye yakabatana.
Zviratidzo zvisinganzwisisiki zvepfungwa hazvisi izvo zvinomiririrwa mune zvema DSM zvisingatauri chikamu nokuti vakawanikwa vaine uwandu husina simba pamwe chete nezvimwe zvisingaiti zviratidzo.
Kunzwisisa Inatten uye SCT
Inatten inowanzoratidzira kusavhiringidza. Iye zvino kuongororwa kwenzira yekutadza kusanganiswa neAdHD kunosanganisira:
- Kazhinji haisi kunyatsoteerera kana kuisa zvikanganiso zvisina basa kubasa, kuchikoro kana mamwe mabasa.
- Kazhinji kune dambudziko rinotsigira kutarisa mumabasa kana mabasa.
- Kazhinji hazviiti sekunzwa kana zvataurwa zvakananga.
- Kazhinji hazvifambi kuburikidza nemirairo; inotanga mabasa asi inokurumidza kukanganisa kutarisa uye inotsauswa nyore nyore; anokundikana kupedzisa basa rechikoro, mabasa epamba kana mabasa kumabasa.
- Kazhinji kuoma kunoronga mabasa nemabasa.
- Kazhinji vanodzivisa, havadi kana kuti havadi kuita mabasa anoda kushanda nesimba.
- Kazhinji vanorasikirwa nezvinhu zvinoda mabasa nemabasa (zvakadai semabasa echikoro, mapenseri, mabhuku, zvigaro, chikwama, magirazi, mapepa, zvimwewo).
- Inowanzosvhiringidzwa nyore nyore nekunyanyisa kunokonzera.
- Inowanzokanganwa mumabasa ezuva nezuva, mabasa epamba.
Vana nevakuru vane sviggish cognitive tempo (SCT) chikamu chezviratidzo zvinowanzoratidza rudzi rwakasiyana rwekusatenda kune zvimwe zvemazuva ose, kunyengedzera uye kusazvibata, kunze kwekunakatika kwehutano. Vanhu vane SCT vanowanzozviratidzira zvishoma, kubuda zviratidzo uye kuwedzera zviratidzo zvekuzvidya mwoyo, kuora mwoyo, kusununguka kwevanhu uye mamwe mashoko-kugadzirisa kukanganisa. Kunyange zvazvo SCT inofungidzirwa kuva yakasiyana, chirwere chakasiyana kubva kune ADHD, ine zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana uye nzira dzokurapa, SCT inowanzobatana neAADH.
Kunobva:
Arthur D. Anastopoulos naTerri L. Shelton, Kuongorora Kucherechedza Kunetseka / Kushaya Matambudziko. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers. 2001.
Christie A. Hartman, Erik G. Willcutt, Soo Hyun Rhee, naBruce F. Pennington; Iro Ukama Pakati Pezvinhu Zvisina Utano Zvakanaka uye DSM-IV ADHD, Journal yeAnnmalmal Child Psychology , Vol. 32, Nha. 5, October 2004, mapeji 491-503.
Russell A. Barkley, Kuparadzanisa kusvibiswa kwemazuva ekufungidzira kubva pakucherechedza-kukanganisa / kusagadzikana kwehutano muvanhu vakuru. Zvinyorwa zveAsmalmal Psychology , May 23, 2011.
Russell A. Barkley, Kucherechedza Kunetseka Kusakanganisika Kugadzikana: Bhuku Rekuziva uye Kurapa (Chechitatu Gwaro), Guilford Press. 2006.