Kusarudza Kubudirira kweUrapa pane Maitiro
Vanhu kazhinji vanofunga nezvepfungwa sekusagadzikana kwesayenzi isina zviyero zvakafanana kana maitiro, sekuti, chemistry kana biology. Izvi zvinonyanya kusaruramisira, kunyanya panyaya yekutsvakurudza apo magweta epfungwa vanovimba nehumwe uchapupu hwezvesayenzi sevamwe vanoongorora.
Imwe yenzira dzakajairika yekuita izvi ndeye yekuongorora muenzaniso unozivikanwa seAbA design.
Inoshandiswa kune zvose kuongororwa kwekuita kwehutsika (iyo inotarisira kuunganidza ushamwari pakati pemamiriro uye maitiro) uye kushandisa maitiro ekuongorora (mune maitiro anoshandiswa zvichienderana nemitemo yekudzidza).
Iyo nzira yekutsvakurudza inoshandiswa inowanikwa mune dzidzo, kupa mazano, kutaura mararamiro, uye vanhu vose uye kwete vanhu vanoongorora zvetsika. Abha ndeimwe yenzira dzepfungwa dzepfungwa dzinoshandisa pakushanda nevana vane autism.
Kunzwisisa ABA Zvigadzirwa
Bhuku rakagadzirwa nemufananidzo ndiyo nzira inonzwisisika yakaoma kunzwisisa. Inosanganisira kugadzirisa mamiriro ekutanga ("A" chikamu), kuunza kurapwa kana kupindira kuita chimwe chinhu chekuchinja ("B" chikamu), uye kubva kubvisa kurapwa kuti uone kana inodzokera kune yekutanga.
Bhuku reAABA rinobvumira vatsvakurudzi kuongorora kuti kurapa kwakanaka sei. Kana chiito chacho chichidzokera zvachose kumutsara wekutanga shure kwekuregera kurapwa, zvino masayendisiti anogona kuva akavimba kwazvo kuti kurapa kunoshanda.
Kana kuchinja kwakadaro kuchidzorerwa mushure mokunge kurapwa kuchizoshandiswa, kuvimba mune kurapwa kwakanyanya kuwedzerwa.
Mienzaniso yeBA Design
Bhuku raAAA mune rimwe remhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakashandiswa mukutsvakurudza -imwe nyaya . Kutsvakurudza-zvidzidzo kune mumwe chete pane imwe nyaya-ingava munhu kana boka-inoshumira seyoyo pachedu.
Icho chinogona kushandiswa kushingaira kuedza kubudirira kwekupindira pamunhu, kuchikoro, kana munharaunda uye kupa maitiro ekuongororai sehuwandu hunobudirira hwekupindira ikoko
Ngatitaurei, somuenzaniso, kuti tiri kuedza kuedza kuve nemigumisiro yemifananidzo mukuverenga kunzwisisa pakati pechitatu-graders. Pasi peAAA design model:
- Vatatu vatatu vanozotanga kuburikidza nekuverenga rugwaro-bedzi ndima ("A" chikamu) uye kuongororwa kuti vaone kuverenga kwavo kunzwisisa.
- Iko rimwe boka raizozobvunzwa kuverenga imwe ndima, nguva ino nemuenzaniso ("B" chikamu), uye kuongororwa zvakare.
- Kuti apedzise muenzaniso weAABA, vadzidzi vaizopiwa imwezve ndima-bedzi ndima uye kuedzwa imwe nguva yekupedzisira.
Kuongororwa kwezvikoro kwaizopa vatsvakurudzi nemanzwisisiro pamusoro pemigumisiro yekupindira kana chero.
Zvimwe Zvikamu zveBA Design
Iko muenzaniso weAABA inogovera zvakawanda zvezvimwe zveimwe nzira-imwechete yekutsvakurudza nzira:
- Bhuku rakagadziridzwa rinobvumira vatsvakurudzi kuwana zviyero zvakapetwa kuitira kuti vagadzirise mararamiro akafanana mumitemo.
- Inobvumira vanotsvakurudza kuongorora maitiro nenzira yakarurama pasi pekutongeka nemamiriro ehutano.
- Inotarisa pamusoro pekuti imwe shanduko inokanganisa hutano panzvimbo yeiyo yakasiyana-siyana .
- Hazvina hanya zvikuru nemigumisiro yemigumisiro inofananidzwa nehuwandu hwevanhu asi kuti kupindira kunodzorwa kunokanganisa sei nyaya uye inotongwa sega.
ABAB Chigadzirwa
Kuwedzerwa kwemuenzaniso ndiyo ABAB kugadzirwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuenzanisa nheyo yepamusoro ("A" chikamu), kutanga kurapwa ("B" chikamu), kubvisa kurapwa, nekudzorerazve imwe nguva yekupedzisira. Izvi zvinotorwa sechisimbiso chekuti haisi kungotiudza chete kana mhinduro inogona kudzokororwa asi kuti yakasimba sei iyo inoshanda.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mhedzisiro inogona kunge iri pfupi uye inopedza nguva. Mune vamwe, zvinogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya munhu kana kuti boka rinoratidzirwa kurapwa ikoko.
> Kwakabva:
> Byiers, B ;; Reichle, J .; uye Symon, F. "Zvirongwa Zvisiri Zvimwe Zvokugadzirisa Zviratidzo Zvoupupuriro." Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2012; 21 (4): 397-414; DOI: 10.1044 / 1058-0360 (2012 / 11-0036).