Kutarisa kuti Kusiyana Kwetsika Kunobatsira Sei Maitiro Evanhu?
Mupfungwa-mutsika yepfungwa ndeyebazi rezvepfungwa rinotarisa kuti tsika dzinokanganisa sei maitiro evanhu. Kunyange zvazvo zvinhu zvizhinji zvemafungiro nemafungiro evanhu zvakasikwa, tsika dzakasiyana dzinogona kutungamirira kune zvinowanzosiyana-siyana zvinoshamisa mukufunga kwevanhu, kunzwa, uye kuita. Dzimwe tsika, somuenzaniso, dzinogona kusimbisa humwe humwe uye kukosha kwekuzvimirira.
Mimwe mitsika, zvisinei, inogona kuisa kukosha kwakanyanya pamagungano uye kubatana pakati peboka reboka. Kusiyana kwakadaro kunogona kuita basa rakasimba mune zvakawanda zvehupenyu.
Mupfungwa-mutsika yepfungwa inofanirwa kubuda sehurukuro inowedzera inokosha sezvo vatsvakurudzi vanoedza kunzwisisa zvose kusiyanisa uye kufanana pakati pevanhu vemarudzi akasiyana-siyana munyika yose. I International Association of Cross-Cultural Psychology (IACCP) yakasimbiswa muna 1972, uye iri bazi rezvepfungwa rakaramba richikura nekukura kubva panguva iyoyo. Nhasi, kuwedzera kwenhamba dzepfungwa dzepfungwa dzinoongorora kuti maitiro akasiyana sei pakati pemarudzi akasiyana-siyana munyika yose.
Sei Kutsika Kwemagariro Kwepfungwa Kunokosha?
Sezvo pfungwa dzepfungwa dzikavapo zvikuru muEurope neNorth America, vatsvakurudzi vakatanga kusava nechokwadi kana zvizhinji zvekucherechedza uye pfungwa dzaimbove dzichitenda kuti dziri pasi rose zvinogona kushanda kune dzimwe nyika kunze kwenzvimbo idzi.
Zvingawanikwa here nemafungiro pamusoro pepfungwa dzepfungwa dzevanhu zvingave zvakasarudzwa zvichienderana nesarudzo kubva pane zvatinoona zvichitorwa? Nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzemagariro echepakati-tsika dzinoshanda kugadzirisa huzhinji hwezvinokanganisa zvingave zviripo mukutsvakurudza nekuona kana zvinhu zvinoshanda muEurope neNorth America tsika dzinoshanda zvakare kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika.
Semuenzaniso, funga kuti chimwe chinhu chakadai sehuwandu hwemagariro evanhu hunogona kusiyana sei netsika dzevanhu pachavo dzakadai seUnited States zvichienderana netsika dzevanhu vanoita seChina. Vanhu vari kuChina vanotenderera pane imwechete yevanhu sevanhu vari muUnited States vanoita here? Ndezvipi kusiyana kwetsika kunogona kuita kuti vanhu vatarane ? Izvi ndezvimwe zvemibvunzo iyo inyanzvi dzepakati-tsika dzepfungwa dzinogona kuongorora.
Chii Chaicho Chaizvo Chimiro?
Tsika inoreva huzhinji hwemhando dzeboka revanhu, kusanganisira mafungiro , maitiro, tsika, uye tsika dzinoparadzirwa kubva kune rimwe chizvarwa kusvika kune rimwe. Mamiriro ese munyika yose anowirirana zvakafanana, asi anozivikanwa nekusiyana kukuru. Semuenzaniso, apo vanhu vemarudzi ose vanowana mufaro, manzwiro aya anoratidza sei kusiyana kubva kune imwe tsika kusvika kune inotevera.
Chinangwa chepakati pemagariro ezvemagariro evanhu ndechekutarisa maitiro evanhu vose uye maitiro akasiyana-siyana kuti aone nzira iyo tsika inobata nayo maitiro edu, hupenyu hwemhuri, dzidzo, ruzivo rwevanhu, uye dzimwe nzvimbo.
Vazhinji vezvipfungwa zvepfungwa dzepakati pemagariro vanosarudza kugarisa pane imwe nzira mbiri:
- Nzira yekunyengera inotarisa pakudzidza kuti tsika dzakasiyana dzakasiyana sei.
- Nzira yekufananidzira inotarisa pakudzidza kusiyana kwemaitiro.
Nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzepakati-tsika dzinoongororawo chimwe chinhu chinonzi ethnocentrism.
Ethnocentrism inoreva chimiro chekushandisa tsika yako pachayo seyanofanira kutonga uye kuongorora dzimwe tsika. Mune mamwe mazwi, kutora pfungwa yeionnocentric zvinoreva kushandisa kunzwisisa kwako kwetsika yako kuti uone chii chiri "chimiro." Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kusagadzikana uye chido chekuona kusiyana kwemitemo sechinhu chisina kuchena kana kuti chisina kunaka. Zvinogonawo kuita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuona kuti tsika yako chaiyo inobatsira sei maitiro ako.
Nzira dzezvepfungwa dzemagariro echepakati-tsika dzinowanzotarisa kuti hukama hwehutano hunokanganisa sei maitiro edu nemafungiro, kusanganisira maitiro atinopindirana nevanhu vanobva kune dzimwe tsika.
Nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa dzinofunganyawo kuti maitiro eiko anokanganisa tsvakurudzo. Semuenzaniso, chidzidzo chinogona kutsoropodzwa nekuva neanthnocentric bias.
Misoro mikuru muMuchinjikwa-Mutsika Psychology
- Emotions
- Mutauro wokuwana
- Mwana kukura
- Unhu
- Maitiro evanhu
- Mhuri uye hukama hwehukama
Nzira Yakaita Sei Mufambiro Pfungwa Pakati?
- Dzimwe dzakawanda mapazi ezvepfungwa dzinoona kuti vabereki, shamwari, uye vamwe vanhu vanokanganisa sei maitiro evanhu, asi vazhinji havakwanisi kufunga nezvekukanganisa kwakasimba iyo tsika inogona kuva nayo pamabasa evanhu.
- Mafungiro ezvipano-tsika, kune rumwe rutivi, anonyanya kufunga nezvekuita kwevanhu nenzira iyo inotora migumisiro yemutsika kuongororwa.
- Maererano naWalter J. Lonner, kunyora kweIziso paPsi Chi , maitiro epakati-tsika dzepabonde anogona kufungidzirwa semhando yekutsvakurudza nzira, pane nzvimbo yakasiyana zvakasiyana mukati mepfungwa (2000).
Ndiani Anofanira Kudzidza Kudzika-Mutsika Pfungwa?
Mupfungwa-mutsika yepfungwa inobata nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana, saka vadzidzi vane chido mune dzimwe nyaya dzepfungwa vanogona kusarudza zvakare kutarisa munzvimbo ino yepfungwa. Izvi zvinotevera vashomanana vanogona kubatsirwa nekudzidza kwepfungwa-tsika dzepfungwa:
- Vadzidzi vane ruzivo rwekudzidza kuti vana vanorera sei tsika mumitauro yakasiyana-siyana.
- Vadzidzisi, vadzidzisi uye curriculum designers vanogadzira zvidzidzo zvekudzidzisa mitauro uye zvigadzirwa zvinogona kubatsirwa nekudzidza zvakawanda nezvekuti tsika dzakasiyana dzinobatsira sei kudzidza kwevadzidzi, kubudirira nekukurudzira.
- Vadzidzi vanoda ruzivo rwemagariro evanhu kana unhu hwepfungwa vanogona kubatsirwa nekudzidza pamusoro pekuti tsika dzinobata sei mararamiro ehupenyu uye unhu humwe.
Sources:
Lonner, WJ Pamusoro Pokukura uye Kuenderera mberi Kwekukosha Kwemuchinjikwa Patsika Psychology. Ziso paPsi Chi, 2000; 4 (3): 22-26.
Matsumoto, DR Culture uye psychology (2nd ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks / Cole; 2000.
Smith, PB, Bond, MH, & Kağitçibaşi, Ç. Kunzwisisa hutano hwepakati pemagariro: Kugara uye kushanda munyika inoshanduka (3rd rev. Ed.). London, UK: Sage; 2000.