Kunosanganisira Matambudziko Majuba Kushandisa uye Marijuana Inodhaka
Cannabis kushandiswa kwechirwere ndiko kuongororwa kunopiwa nokuda kwekushungurudza marijuana. Kuongororwa kwakatangwa muDaagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders , shanduro yechishanu kana DSM-5. Mune shanduro yapfuura, DSM-IV-TR, kushandiswa kwechinetso chesnabis kana marijuana kwakagadzikana kuva matambudziko maviri akasiyana, kushandiswa kwekodhi , uye kushandiswa kwe cannabis.
Izvi Zvinoreva Kannabis Haisi Kudimburira Here?
Nekunyangarika kwekuchengetedzwa kwekinyorwa, vamwe vanhu vanogona kududzira kushanduka kweshoko rekushungurudzika kune chirwere chimwe chete kuratidza kuti cannabis haisi kudhakwa, uye cannabis haisi kutungamirira kuzvido zvemishonga. Mushure mezvose, yakagara iine mukurumbira sechinhu chinotapira mishonga .
Kukurukurwa kwakawanda kwakaenda pakugadzirisa kushandiswa kwekushandisa dambudziko rekushandisa dambudziko kunofanira kurondedzerwa mu DSM-5. Vazhinji vashandisi vanodhakwa vanoramba chero zvinhu zvinodhaka zvechirwere, asi vazhinji vanoita sevanodhakwa. Cannabis kushandisa kushungurudza kunobata kuti vanhu vangave vanopesana nehuwandu hwemashonga avo, kusangodaro kuti vanodhakwa. Zvisinei, iyo inewo nzvimbo yekuziva kusagadzikana apo uye kana ikaitika.
Nyanzvi yeAnnabis inokuchengetedza Dr. Alan Budney yakarongedza zvidzidzo zvekuregererwa kwechirwere uye yakawana kuti mabhii maviri ekuongororwa kwevarwere uye kuongororwa kwezvipembenene nguva dzose vakaratidza kubuda kwepanyama mumuviri muvashandisi ve cannabis vakanga vachirega kushandisa mishonga iyo yakaenzana neyeimwe mishonga inonyatsozivikanwa kuva nemishonga, yakadai se cocaine uye heroin.
Kurega kunotanga maawa makumi maviri nemaviri mushure mekumira vachishandisa kannabis, mapeji mushure memasikati maviri kusvika kumakumi mana, uye inopera mushure memasvondo matatu.
Saka, nokuti zita racho rachinja, uye izwi rokuti "kushandisa" rakashandura "kushandiswa" kana "kuvimba," hazvirevi kuti cannabis haisi kudhakwa. Ichokwadi, tsvakurudzo inoratidza zvakajeka kuti cannabis inodhaka.
Nei Chimwe Chirwere Chinogona Kuchinja Maviri?
Sezvo pave nekugadzirisa zvinokonzera kushandiswa kwekodhi kushandiswa kwemishonga, musangano weDSM-5 wakaisawo pakusarudza kana kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa muhuwandu uye kanomwe kushandiswa kwekushandiswa kwemishonga kunyanya, kunofanira kuiswa mumatambudziko mamwe kana maviri. Mu DSM-IV-TR, kushungurudzwa kwekodhi kwakaonekwa sechirwere chiduku, uye zvinetso zvinokonzerwa nekushandiswa kwernabis, asi hapana chinoratidza kuvimba. Kusiyana neizvi, kuvimba kwehunabhasi kunotarisa zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zvekudhakwa, kunyanya, kushivirira uye kubvisa.
Nyanzvi dzakasiyana-siyana dzakashandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzokuongorora kuti ione kana matambudziko anowanikwa nevanhu nekuda kweshandiswa kwezvinodhaka anonyatsotsanangurwa achishandisa imwe nharaunda yekushandisa dambudziko rekushandisa, kana zvikamu zvakasiyana zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushandisa zvinodhaka uye kuzvidzivirira kwezvinhu. Kubva pamigumisiro yekuongororwa, vakagadzirisa kuti maonero emasikirwo akaita zvakanyatsonzwisisika. Panzvimbo yekushandisa zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushungurudzwa kwekodha uye kushandiswa kwekodhi, pamwe nemhando dzakasiyana dzematambudziko muboka rimwe nerimwe, imwe nharaunda inoshandiswa iyo inosanganisira matambudziko ose akamboonekwa mumapoka maviri. Kuoma kwematambudziko emunhu uyu kunogona kutorwa nekusanganisira imwe chiratidzo.
Unyoro hunoshandiswa kuratidza 2-3 zviratidzo, kuenzanisa zvinoratidza 4-5 zviratidzo, uye zvakanyanya zvinoratidza zviratidzo 6 kana kupfuura.
Zviratidzo zveCannabis Shandisa Dambudziko
Zvimwe zviviri zvezvinotevera zviratidzo mukati memwedzi gumi nemaviri zvinoratidza kushandiswa kwekushandisa dambudziko rekushandisa:
- Kutora zvinodhaka zvakawanda kupfuura zvaiitirwa
- Dambudziko rokudzora kana kuderedza kushandiswa kwegodhi
- Kushandisa nguva yakawanda pamusana pekushandisa
- Kuda cannabis
- Matambudziko kushanda, chikoro, uye kumba pamusana pekushandiswa kwekashnabis
- Kuenderera mberi kushandisa kannabis pasinei nehukama hwehukama kana hwehukama
- Kupa kana kuderedza zvimwe zviitiko mukuda kannabis
- Kutora zvinodhaka mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa
- Kuenderera mberi kushandisa kannabis pasinei nezvinetso zvepanyama kana zvepfungwa
- Kushivirira kugona
- Kubvisa paunenge uchirega kubvisa.
Yeuka, nzira itsva yekutsanangurira kushandiswa kwechirwere kushandiswa kunoreva kuti kuoma kwehutachiona hwemunhu hakusi kuenderana nekuoma kwemhirizhonga yavo. Nezveruzhinji rwezviratidzo gumi nezviviri zvinosarudzwa kubva kune imwe, mumwe munhu anogona kunge ane chirwere chekushandisa chirwere chesnabis, chakakomba, asingabvumiri kana kuregera, zviratidzo zvekudhakwa. Nenzira imwecheteyo, vanogona kugadzirisa zvinokonzera kushandiswa kwemishonga kwekodha, kunyorova, pasinei nekurwadziwa kwakanyanya kwemuviri nekuregera.
Sources:
American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, shanduro yechishanu DSM-5 American Psychiatric Association, 2013.
Helzer, J., Van Den Brink, W., & Guth, S. "Panofanira Kuva Izvo Zvinyorwa Zvitsva uye Zvimwe Zvimwe Zvinokonzerwa Nezvokushandisa Kwezvinhu mu DSM-V?" Chidhakwa 101, s1: 17-22. 2006.
Muthén, B. "Kushandiswa Kwemishonga Kushandiswa Kunofanira Kuonekwa seClassical or Dimensional?" Kunetseka 101, s1: 6-16. 2006.