Bhuku Rekuziva uye Rokusimudzira reMental Disorders rinoshandiswa navanachiremba nevarapi vezvepfungwa kuti vaongorore zvirwere zvepfungwa. Muna 2013, shanduro itsva inonzi DSM-5 yakabudiswa. I DSM inobudiswa neAmerica Psychiatric Association uye inosanganisira zvikamu zvose zvehutano hwepfungwa dzevanhu vakuru nevana. I DSM inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muUnited States nokuda kwehutano hwepfungwa, mazano ekurapa uye zvinangwa zvehushandi.
Bhuku racho harisi rezvinyorwa uye rinonyanya kutaurwa pakutsanangura zviratidzo pamwe chete nematafura anoratidza kuti hutano hwakanyanya huri kurwara nehutano, hunowanzosvika makore ekutanga, zvinokonzerwa nemishonga uye nzira inoshandiswa pakurapa.
DSM Updates
Bhuku Rekuziva uye Rokusimudzira rakadzokororwa kakawanda munhoroondo yaro.
- 1952: DSM-I
- 1968: DSM-II
- 1974: DSM-II Inyorezve
- 1984: DSM-III
- 1987: DSM-III-R
- 1994: DSM-IV
- 2000: DSM-IV-TR
- 2013: DSM-5
Shanduro itsva ye DSM yakabudiswa munaMay 2013. Kuvandudzwa kwacho kwakagadziriswa nekukurukurirana kukuru uye kumwe kukakavadzana.
Nyaya huru neDSM yave yakatendeseka. Mukupindura kweizvi, NIMH yakatora chirongwa cheChita reDzivo reKutsvakurudza (RDoC) chirongwa chekushandura kuongororwa nekubatanidza kugadzirwa kwemashoko, mafungiro, kufungidzira kwesayenzi uye mamwe mazinga ehupenyu kuti aise nheyo yehutsva hutsananguriro yavanofunga kuti ichava yakawanda yakavakirwa.
Gare gare, mutungamiri weNIMH Thomas R. Insel akabudisa zvinyorwa pamwe chete neAmerican Psychiatric Association purezidhendi Jeffrey A. Lieberman achicherechedza kuti DSM-5 "... inomiririra ruzivo rwakanakisisa iye zvino ruwanikidzwa mukurapwa kwepfungwa dzepfungwa." Mashoko aya akaenderera mberi kuti aratidze kuti urongwa hwe DSM-5 neNIMH pachake, Tsvakurudzo dzeDzidzo dzeKutsvakurudza (kana kuti RDoC), dzinomiririra "mvumo, kwete kukwikwidzana, maitiro" ekugadzirisa kwepfungwa dzepfungwa.
Mutemo we DSM-5: The DSM-IV-TR
I DSM-IV yakatanga kuparidzirwa muna 1994 uye yakanyorwa zvinopfuura 250 zvinetso zvepfungwa. Shanduro yakagadziridzwa, inonzi DSM-IV-TR, yakabudiswa mugore ra2000 uye ine zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinyorwa mune zvitsanangudzo zvechirwere chimwe nechimwe. Vashandi vezvehutano hwepfungwa vakashandisa bhuku racho kuti vanzwisise zviri nani zvinodiwa nevatengi pamwe chete nechigadzirwa chekuongororwa uye kuongororwa.
Iyo DSM-IV-TR yakatsanangura zvinetso zvinoshandisa zviyero zvishanu zvakasiyana.
Iyi nzira yakawanda yakagadzirirwa kubatsira vanachiremba nevarapi vepfungwa kuti vaongororwe zvakaenzana nehutano hwevatengi nokuti zvirwere zvepfungwa zvinowanzokonzera nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzehupenyu.
- Axisi I : Clinical Syndromes
Izvi zvinotsanangura zviratidzo zvemakiriniki zvinokonzera kukanganisa kukuru. Matambudziko akabatanidzwa mumapoka akasiyana-siyana akadai sehutano hwepfungwa, kushungurudzika kwepfungwa kana zvinetso zvekudya. - Axis II: Unhu uye Kurasika Kwepfungwa
Izvi zvinotsanangura zvinetso zvepanguva refu mukushanda izvo zvisina kumbofungidzirwa zvakajeka zveAxis I matambudziko. Kushushikana kwehupenyu kunokonzera matambudziko makuru ekutarisira kunoita murwere kunyika uye kunosanganisira kusagadzikana kwehutano hwevanhu uye histrionic personality disorder . Kuchengetedza kwepfungwa kunoratidzika nekushaya simba kwepfungwa uye kupererwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakadai sokuzvitarisira uye unyanzvi hwevanhu.
- Axis III: Zvirwere Zvokurapa
Izvi zvaisanganisira muviri uye zvehutano izvo zvinoita kana kuti zvakanyanya kuipa Axis 1 neAxis II matambudziko. Mimwe mienzaniso inosanganisira HIV / AIDS uye kukuvara kwepfungwa. - Axis IV: Zvinetso zvepfungwa uye zveMagariro
Chero zvinetso zvekugarisana kana zvakatipoteredza izvo zvinogona kukanganisa matambudziko Axis I kana Axis II akaverengerwa munyaya iyi. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakadai sokusava nebasa, kudzokera kune imwe nzvimbo, kurambana, kana kufa kwemudiwa. - Axis V: Global Assessment yekushanda
Izvi zvakabvumira kuti chiremba aongorore huwandu hwekombiji hwehutano hwekushanda. Kubva pakuongorora uku, vanachiremba vanogona kunzwisisa zviri nani kuti mamwe mazano mana akabatana sei uye zvinoitika paupenyu hwomunhu.
Kuchinja mu DSM-5
I-DSM-5 inoshandura huwandu hwekuchinja kubva kuDMM-IV yapfuura. Kuchinja kunonyanya kujeka ndiko kushanduka kubva kushandisa mazita echiRoma kune nhamba dzeArabhu.
Zvichida zvakanyanya kunyanya kukosha, DSM-5 yakabvisa saris system, panzvimbo pacho inoratidza maitiro ehutano pamwe nematambudziko akasiyana akasiyana. Mimwe mienzaniso yezvikamu zvakabatanidzwa muDMM-5 dzinosanganisira zvinetso zvekuzvidya mwoyo, bipolar uye zvinetso zvakasiyana, kushungurudzika kwepfungwa, kudya uye kudya kwezvokudya, kusagadzikana-kusagadzikana uye zvinetso zvakabatana, uye zvinetso zvemunhu.
Mamwe mashoma mashanduko mu DSM-5:
- Dambudziko reAsperger rakabviswa uye rakaiswa pasi pechikwata chevhisi yevriism.
- Kuvhiringidza mafungiro ekuderedza chirwere kwakawedzerwa, mune chikamu kuti kuderedze kudarika-kuongororwa kwehuduku bipolar disorders.
- Zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvakawedzerwa zvepamutemo mubhuku rino kusanganisira binge kudya chirwere, hoarding chirwere uye premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Kunyange zvazvo DSM iri chinhu chinokosha, zvinokosha kuziva kuti avo chete vakagamuchira kurairirwa kwakakwana uye vane ruzivo rwakakwana vanofanirwa kuziva uye kubata zvirwere zvepfungwa . Bhuku racho rinokosha pakuongororwa uye kurapwa, asi vashandi vehutano hwepfungwa vanoshandisa DSM kuronga varwere nokuda kwezvinangwa zvokubhadhara. Kungofanana nedzimwe mamiriro ezvehutano, hurumende uye vazhinji vehupfambisi vanotakura zvinoda kujekeswa zvakakwana kuitira kuti vabvumire kubhadhara kurapwa.
Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pezvimwe zvekuchinja kukuru muDMM-5 mune zvinotevera:
- Bipolar Disorder mu DSM-5
- Zviratidzo zveDMM-5 Zvokushandisa Kwemishonga
- DSM-5 Zvinokonzerwa neGeneralized Anxiety Disorder
- DSM-5 Kuchinja Kwekuora Mwoyo Kuona
- Kuongorora PTSD mune DSM-5
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Kuongororwa uye nhamba yehuwandu hwehutano hwepfungwa (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Munyori.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Pfungwa dzekuchinja kubva DSM-IV-TR kusvika DSM-5. American Psychiatric Publishing. Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://www.dsm5.org/documents/changes%20from%20dsm-iv-tr%20to%20dsm-5.pdf.
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Kuongororwa uye nhamba yehuwandu yekunyora kwepfungwa (4th ed., Text rev.). Washington, DC: Munyori.
Insel, T. (2013). Bhuku reMutungamiriri: Kuchinja Kuziva. National Institute of Mental Health. Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://www.nimh.nih.gov/about/director/2013/transforming-diagnosis.shtml
Insel, TR, & Lieberman, JA (2013). DSM-5 uye RDoC: Shared Interests. National Institute of Mental Health. Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://www.nimh.nih.gov/news/science-news/2013/dsm-5-and-rdoc-shared-interests.shtml.