Kuongorora Unhu hwekupa mazano uye Basa rekutungamirirwa
Vanhu vave vachishanda kwenguva refu kuti vanzwisise unhu uye zvinyorwa zvakawanda zvakagadzirwa kuti zvitsanangure kuti hupenyu hwevanhu hunova sei uye hunochinja sei maitiro. Imwe yedzidziso yakadaro yakarongedzwa nemumwe nyanzvi wepfungwa ainzi Raymond Cattell. Akasika huwandu hwemhando 16 dzakasiyana dzeunhu hunogona kushandiswa kurondedzera nekutsanangura maitiro akasiyana pakati pehupenyu hwevanhu.
Cattrell unhu hunove hwakabatanidzwa mubhuku rinonzi Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) iro rinoshandiswa zvikuru nhasi. Inoshandiswa pakupa mazano mune zvekudzidzisa uye mumabasa ekudzidzisa. Mubhizimisi, inoshandiswa pakusarudzwa kwevashandi, kunyanya kusarudza vatungamiri. Inoshandiswawo mumakiriniki ekuongororwa uye kuronga kurapwa nekuongorora kushungurudzika, kugadzirisa, uye zvinetso zvetsika.
Raymond Cattrell
Akaberekwa muna 1905, Cattell akaona kupemberera kwezvakawanda zvekuzana kwezana remakore rechi20 semagetsi, matafoni, motokari, uye ndege. Akave akafuridzirwa nezvinhu izvi zvitsva uye aida kwazvo kushandisa nzira dzezvesayenzi dzakashandiswa pakuita izvozvi zvakawanikwa mupfungwa dzevanhu nemunhu.
Unhu, aidavira, yakanga isiri yechinhu chisingazivikanwi uye chisingazivikanwi. Yaiva chimwe chinhu chaigona kudzidzwa uye kurongeka. Nokutsvakurudza kwesayenzi, maitiro evanhu uye maitiro angazobva ataurwa zvichienderana neunhu hwehutsika .
Cattell akanga ashanda nemudzidzisi wezvepfungwa Charles Spearman, uyo aizivikanwa nebasa rake rokupayona mumatanho. Cattell aizotanga kushandisa chikonzero chekuongorora nzira dzakagadzirwa naStorman kuti aumbe unhu hwake hutongi.
Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pezvinhu 16 zvakasiyana-siyana izvo Cattell akatsanangura.
The 16 Personality Factors
Maererano nehutano hwehutano, hupenyu hwevanhu hunoumbwa nehuwandu hunhu hwakawanda. Mamwe emitambo yepakutanga aya akaedza kutsanangura imwe nhengo imwe chete iyo inogona kunge iripo. Semuenzaniso, nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Gordon Allport akacherechedza mazwi anopfuura 4 000 mumutauro weChirungu ingashandiswa kurondedzera unhu hweunhu.
Gare gare, Raymond Cattell akaongorora runyora urwu uye akaridzivirira kusvikira maitiro 171, kunyanya kuburikidza nekubvisa mazwi akanga akawandisa kana kuti asina kujairika. Akange achikwanisa kushandisa nhamba yematanho inozivikanwa sechinhu chekuongorora kutsvaga unhu hwakabatana. Chikonzero chekutsvaga chinogona kushandiswa kutarisa nhamba yakawandisa yedheta kuitira kuti utarise maitiro uye kuti uone kuti ndezvipi zvinyanya kukosha kana zvakakosha. Nokushandisa nzira iyi, aikwanisa kunyatsotarisa rondedzero yake ku 16 hunhu hweunhu hunokosha.
Maererano naCattell, pane kuenderera mberi kweunhu hunhu . Mune mamwe mazwi, munhu mumwe nomumwe ane zvese izvi 16 maitiro kune imwe nzvimbo, asi angave akakwirira mune zvimwe zviito uye pasi mune vamwe. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vose vane chimiro chekusaziva, somuenzaniso, vamwe vanhu vangave vanofungidzira zvikuru asi vamwe vanoita chaizvo.
Unhu hunotevera hunotevera hunotsanangura mamwe mazwi anotsanangurwa anoshandiswa kune imwe neimwe yehutatu hwemunhu 16 hunotsanangurwa naCattell.
- Abstractedness: Kufananidza nekuenzanisa
- Kuziva: Kunetseka nekuvimbika
- Kubwinya: Simba rinopesana nekuzviisa pasi
- Kugadzikana Kwemwoyo: Kunonoka kunopesana ne-high-strung
- Kunaka: Kunowanzoenderana nekudziviswa
- Kuvhura Kushandura: Flexible inopesana neinozivikanwa
- Kuita zvakakwana: Kudzorwa kusinganzwisisiki
- Kubwinya: Kuchenjera kana kusununguka
- Kukurukurirana: Abstract versus concrete
- Mutemo-Kuziva: Kuwirirana nekusingaenzanisi
- Kuzvimirira: Kuzviriritira nekuzviriritira
- Kunzwisisa: Tender-hearted against tough-minded.
- Kusimba Kwemagariro: Hazvibvumirwi nehana
- Mhirizhonga: Kusashivirira kana kusununguka
- Kuchenjerera: Kutyisidzira nekuvimba
- Kushamwaridzana: Kufambidzana nekuchengetedzwa
Bhuku rePeople 16PF
Cattell akawedzerawo kuongorora kunobva pazvinhu izvi 16 manhu. Muedzo unozivikanwa se 16 PF Personality Questionnaire uye ichiri kushandiswa kakawanda mazuva ano, kunyanya mukupa mazano ekugadzirisa , kurairirwa mumhuri, uye mubhizinesi rekuongororwa kwevashandi uye kusarudzwa.
Chiyero chinoumbwa nemibvunzo yakamanikidzwa-iyo iyo munhu anopomerwa anofanira kusarudza imwe yezvimwe nzira zvitatu zvakasiyana. Unhu hunhu hunofananidzirwa nehuwandu uye mapoka evanhu anoenda pane imwe nzvimbo mukuenderera mberi pakati pepamusoro uye kuderera zvakanyanya.
> Kwakabva:
> Cattell HEP, Mead AD. The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF). MuByyle GJ. The Sage Handbook of Personality Theory and Assessment: Vol. 2, Kuyera kwevanhu uye kuedza , Los Angeles, CA: Sage. 2008.