Gordon Allport aiva mupfungwa wepfungwa anopayona kazhinji anonzi mumwe wevaki vehupenyu hwepfungwa. Akaramba zvikoro zviviri zvepfungwa zvekufunga mune zvepfungwa panguva iyoyo, psychoanalysis uye hutsika, nenzira yezvaaiita izvo zvakasimbisa kukosha kwekusiyana kwezvimwe uye kushanduka kwemamiriro ezvinhu.
Nhasi iye angave akayeukwa-akakurumbira nekuda kwezvipo zvake kune unhu hwetsika hweunhu .
Mukudzokorora kwevanyori vezvemagariro ezvemagariro epakati remakore rechimakumi maviri, Allport aive akaverengerwa semukuru wechi11 wepfungwa yepamusoro .
Upenyu Hwekutanga
Gordon Allport akaberekerwa muMontezuma, Indiana, musi waNovember 11, 1897. Ndiye akanga ari muduku pane vanun'una mana uye aiwanzorehwa seanonyara, asiwo kushanda nesimba uye kudzidza. Amai vake vaiva mudzidzisi wechikoro uye baba vake vaiva chiremba uyo akaisa muAllport basa rakasimba remabasa. Munguva yehuduku hwake, baba vake vaishandura imba yemba neimba uye kubata varwere.
Allport akashandisa bhizinesi rake rokudhinda panguva yemakore ake evechiri kuyaruka uye akashumira semupepeti wepepanhau rake rekusekondari. Muna 1915, Allport akapedza chikamu mukirasi yake uye akawana ruzivo kuHarvard College, uko mumwe wevakoma vake vakuru, Floyd Henry Allport, aishanda paF.D. in psychology.
Mushure mekunge awana dhigirii yake mufilosofi uye mune zvehupfumi kubva kuHarvard muna 1919, Allport akaenda kuIstanbul, kuTurkey, kuti adzidzise ruzivo nehupfumi.
Mushure megore rekudzidzisa, akadzokera kuHarvard kuti apedzise zvidzidzo zvake. Allport yakagamuchira Ph.D. yake. mune zvepfungwa muna 1922 pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaHugo Munsterberg .
Musangano Sigmund Freud
Muhurukuro inonzi "Maitiro uye Kukura Muunhu," Allport akarondedzera zvakaitika kwaari pamusangano wepfungwa dzepfungwa Sigmund Freud .
Muna 1922, Allport akaenda kuVienna, kuAustria, kuzosangana nemunhu anonzi psychoanalyst. Mushure mekunge apinda muhofisi yeFrud, akagara pasi nekutya ndokuudza nyaya pamusoro pomukomana muduku waakaona ari mutima paaienda kuVienna. Mukomana, Allport akatsanangura, aitya kuve asina kuchena ndokuramba kugara apo murume akatarisa-akatarisa aimbogara. Allport akaudzwa kuti mwana wacho akawana maitiro kubva kuna amai vake, avo vakaita sevanonyanya kutonga.
Freud akadzidza Allport kwekanguva ndokubva abvunza, "Uye waiva mukomana muduku iwe iwe here?"
Migumisiro Yokuswedera Pedyo nePychology
Allport akaona ruzivo semuedzo wa Freud kuti aite zvinyorwa zvisiri nyore mukutsvakurudza kweAllport inofungidzirwa kuti haazivikanwe yehuduku hwake. Chiitiko ichocho gare gare chichashanda sechiyeuchidzo chokuti psychoanalysis yaitoda kukura zvakanyanya. Kuzvibata , kune rumwe rutivi, Allport akatenda, haana kutsva zvakakwana. Pane kudaro, Allport akasarudza kuramba zvose psychoanalysis uye kuzvibata uye akagamuchira nzira yake yakasiyana yehupenyu.
Panguva ino mupfungwa dzepfungwa, hutsika hwakave huri simba guru muUnited States uye psychoanalysis yakaramba iri simba guru. Nzira ye Allport yekufunga nezvepfungwa dzevanhu yakabatanidza simba rakasimba revanhu vanoita maitiro nekubvuma kuti mafungiro asina ruzivo anogonawo kuita basa muhupenyu hwevanhu.
Basa uye Dzidziso
Allport yakatanga kushanda paHarvard muna 1924 uye gare gare akasiya kubvuma chigaro kuDartmouth. Pakazosvika 1930, akadzokera kuHarvard kwaaizogara kune imwe nzvimbo yepamusoro. Mugore rake rokutanga paHarvard, akadzidzisa izvo zvingangodaro zvaiva munhu wekutanga unhu hwepfungwa hwakapiwa muUnited States. Basa rake semudzidzisi rakabatsirawo vamwe vevadzidzi vake, izvo zvaisanganisira Stanley Milgram , Jerome S. Bruner, Leo Postman, Thomas Pettigrew, uye Anthony Greenwald.
Chiito Chetsika Cheunhu
Allport ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa nehutano hwake hweunhu.
Akatanga kusimbisa dzidziso iyi kuburikidza nekufamba neduramazwi nekucherechedza nguva yose yaakawana iyo yakatsanangura unhu hweunhu. Mushure mekunge akanyora urongwa hwemhando 4,500 dzakasiyana , akavaronga kuva zvitatu zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira:
- Kadhimadhi maitiro : Izvi ndizvo zviito zvinotarisa unhu hweunhu hwega. Makadhiyadhi maitiro anofungidzirwa kuti haawanzoitiki.
- Nzvimbo dzeCentral: Unhu hunowanzoita hupenyu hwedu. Tsika dzakadai sa mutsa, kutendeseka, uye hukama huri mienzaniso yehutsika.
- Secondary maitiro: Aya ndiwo maitiro anongovapo pane mamwe mamiriro uye mamiriro ezvinhu. Muenzaniso wechiito chechipiri unenge uchingotya usati waunza hurukuro kune boka guru revanhu.
Contributions to Psychology
Allport akafa musi waOctober 9, 1967. Mukuwedzera pane unhu hwake hwehutano hwehuhu, akasiya chikwangwani chisingaoneki pane zvepfungwa. Seimwe yezvigadziro zvekugadzirwa kwehupenyu hwepfungwa, simba rake rinogara richiri kunzwika nhasi. Panzvimbo pokufungisisa nezvema psychoanalytic uye maitiro avakakurumbira munguva yake, Allport pane imwe nzvimbo akasarudza kushandisa nzira yakashata.
Selected Publications
Heano mamwe emabasa aEllport okuwedzera kuverenga:
- Allport GW. Unhu: Kushandurwa kwePfungwa. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston; 1937.
- Allport GW. Munhu Mumwechete Nechitendero Chake. New York: McMillan; 1950.
- Allport GW. Mhando Yekusarura. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley; 1954.
- Allport GW. Kuva: Kufungisisa Kubatsira kwePfungwa Yehukama. Nzvimbo itsva: Yale University Press; 1955.
- Allport GW. Muenzaniso uye Kukura Munhu. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston; 1961.
> Sources:
> Allport GW. Muenzaniso uye Kukura Munhu . New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston; 1961.
> Haggbloom SJ, Warnick R, Warnick NDE uye ell. Vane 100 Vakawanda VeMapfungwa Masayendisiti Ema2000 . Kudzokorora kweGeneral Psychology. 2002; 6 (2): 139-152.