Maererano naSophocles, Oedipus the King akauraya baba vake ndokuita zvepabonde naamai vake. Izvo zvakanga zvisati zvavapo kusvikira makore apfuura, zvakadaro, kuti Oedipus akawana kuti akaita patricide uye akabatana naye-pakutanga asingazivi kuti baba vake vaiva baba vake uye amai vake vaiva mai vake. Mushure mekunge Oedipus awana zvaakaita, akazvirova maziso ake. Chikonzero cheOedipus chokuzvifukidzira chakabatanidza mhosva uye chaive chirevo: Aimbove asina hanya nezviito zvakashata zvaakaita.
VaGiriki vekare vangave vasingakwanisi kufungidzira mumwe munhu achizvipofumadza pasina chikonzero chakaipa pamusoro pehuwandu hwemhosva dzeOedipus. Zvisinei, munharaunda yemazuva ano, vanhu vashomanana vanoratidzira "hurumende" nenyaya nhengo dzemiviri yakasiyana-siyana uye zvisingatauri vanoda chirema. Vanhu ava vane chirwere chinonzi chimiro chekuvimbika kwehutano hwehutano (BIID) uye kazhinji mushure mekunge makore ekutambura achikumbira kuve nekuvhiyiwa kunoguma nekupinza, kupofumara, matsi kana paraplegia.
Sezvaunogona kunge uchifungidzira, vashoma vanovhiya vanoda kupindira nhengo kana mitezo pasina chirwere. Zvisinei, BIID inetso yakaoma, uye dzimwe nyanzvi dzinotsigira kuvhiyiwa zvakanyanya sekurapa kwakanaka.
BIID Inoongororwa
Mukupera kwema1700, chiremba wechiremba wechiFrance akamanikidzwa pfuti kuti aswedure chikamu chemuviri wemunhu. Mushure mekuvhiyiwa, murume akatumira chirwere chechiremba uye tsamba yekuonga achitaura kuti kurapwa kwakamuita kuti anzwe ari nani.
Muna 2000, vanhu vose vakaona kuti chiremba wechiremba wokuScotland ainzi Robert Smith akanga aita mitsipa yakagadziriswa nevarwere vaviri vane mitezo yakaita seyakanaka. Apo Mutungamiri weSmith pachipatara akaona izvo Smith ainge aita, Smith akarambidzwa kuita cherozve mamwe maitiro. Zvisinei, mushure mekudzimurwa uku, mharokuro pamusoro pekugadzirisa hutano hwakanaka uye zvimwe zvinoratidzika se "zvisina kufanira" uye kuvhiya kunokonzera zvakasangana.
Muna 2015, mukadzi ane makore makumi matatu nematatu anonzi Jewel Shuping akati aive nemudzimai wake wepfungwa akadira mvura yakachena mumeso ake kuitira kuti aone ruzivo rweupenyu hwake hwose kuti ave bofu. Kuti ive yakarurama, chokwadi cheShuping's claims chinopesana; zvisinei, nhoroondo dzeizvi dzakabatsira kupofumadza zvakare zvakare kusimbisa BIID.
Vanhu vane BIID vanonyunyuta nezvekunzwa "vasina kukwana" uye vakaparadzana kubva mumuviri chikamu kuva ziso, nhengo kana zvimwe. Kunyanya zvakanyanya, manzwiro aya ndeaanoita upenyu hwose hunokonzera kutambura kukuru kwepfungwa nekutambudzika.
Hazvizivikanwi zvinokonzera BIID. Mune vamwe vanhu, zvinokonzerwa nemuviri wehudzi kana umudzimai zvinogona kuteverwa kumashure ekugadzirisa zvirwere zvakadai sechirwere chepfungwa. Zvisinei, kune vanhu vazhinji vane BIID, maitiro etiology kana chikonzero chechirwere ichi chinoramba chiripo.
Vanotsvakurudza vanoongorora BIID vakacherechedza uropi hunochinja kune vanhu vane chirwere. Kunyanya, iyo parietal cortex, premotor cortex, uye insula inoratidzika kunge inobatanidzwa. Zvisinei, hazvina kunyatsojeka kana idzi dzouropi dzinotungamirira kuBIID kana kuti dzinoitika sechikonzero cheBIID.
Kurapa kweBIID
Pasina kunzwisisa zvakajeka zvinokonzera BIID, zvakaoma kubata chirwere ichi. Kuora mwoyo uye psychotherapy hazviiti zvishoma nezvirwere.
Uyezve, mishonga inorema zvikuru yepfungwa yakadai semaspirychotics haina kuongororwa muchirwere ichi.
Zvinofadza, vanhu vane BIID vanoda chikwata chekunyorera kunzwa zviri nani mushure mekugadzirisa uye kupupurirwa kwakagadziridzwa hupenyu hwehupenyu. Nhoroondo, vanhu vaviri vakagadzwa naRobert Smith, chiremba wechiremba wokuScotland, vakavhiya, vakanzwa zvakanaka zviri nani mushure mekuvhiyiwa uye vakaramba vachirarama vachifara neprostheses.
Vanhu vazhinji vane tsika yeBIID vachirarama nehurema. Vanhu ava vanonzi "vanozvinyengera." Nokuzvifananidzira kurarama nehurema, vanhu ava vanowana ruzivo rwenguva pfupi rakafanana nehupfumi hwevanhu kwenguva pfupi vane kukanganisa-kusagadzikana kwepfungwa vanonzwa mushure mokunge vakamanikidzwa.
Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzechiremba dzinosangana neBIID dzine zvinotyisa zvinotyisa kune tarisiro yekushandisa chirwere chakanyanya kurapa chirwere chacho. Ava vanachiremba vanoti chero ani zvake anoda kuvhara chikwata che "utano" ane chirwere chepfungwa uye anonzwisisa zvishoma izvo zvinopesana nekwanisiro rake kupa chibvumirano chakanaka.
Zvisinei, vanhu vakawanda vane BIID havasi pfungwa dzepfungwa uye havana kunyengera. Uyezve, kuora mwoyo kune vamwe vanhu ava vane ruzivo rweBIID hunovapo pashure pokurarama neBIID kwechinguva uye zvichida zvinoguma kwete chikonzero chechiitiko.
Mune pepa rakanzi "Kutendeseka Kwemuviri Kwekuda Kupfuura Kunyorwa: Chibvumirano uye Rusununguko," munyori Amy White anoti chisarudzo chomunhu ane BIID kuti aite chirongwa chekuvhima kubvisa chikamu chemuviri hachisi chaicho chakamanikidzwa, chisina kukwana kana chisingazivi; saka mushure mokuongorora maitiro akawandisa, varwere vane BIID vangave vakatsvaga kuti vaite chirwere chakanyanya.
Muchena unofananidza BIID kune zvepabonde dysphoria uye kuvhiyiwa kwepamusoro kune avo vane BIID pakuvhiya zvekuita zvekuita zvepabonde. Kunyanya, vanhu vose vane dysphoria neBIID vanonzwa vachibatwa mumuviri izvo nenzira isina kururama uye vachida kuvhiyiwa kuti vagadzirise dambudziko racho.
Mukutaura, mune pepa rakanzi "Muviri Wakavhiringidzika - Icho Chibvumiro cheMakumbo Anokonzera Utano Chakatsigirwa here ?," munyori Sabina Müller anotaura kuti mutengo wekuvhiyiwa kukuru kweBIID wakanyanya kukwirira, uye vanhu vanoigamuchira havachagoni kushanda uye inoda kutarisira nguva yeupenyu nekuvandudza.
Müller anobvunzawo kana vanhu vane BIID vanokumbira kuvhiyiwa chirwere chisina basa vanonzwisisa zvirwere zvavo uye vanopa mamwe maitiro ekurapa:
BIID ingangodaro kukanganiswa kweuropiychological iyo inosanganisira kusava nekunzwisisa muchirwere uye kusakosha kwekuzvidzivirira. Panzvimbo yekurapa chiratidzo ichi pamutengo wekuvhiringidzika kwemuviri kusingagoni kushandiswa, chirwere chinokonzera chinofanira kugadziriswa kuitira kuti tibatanidze chikamu chechihedheni mumufananidzo wemuviri.
Zvichida tiri kure kure kubva tambofunga kuti tingabatsira sei vanhu vanoona BIID. Chokutanga, kutsvakurudza kuBIID ishoma simba nokuti vashomanana vanhu vane mamiriro ezvinhu. Zvakawanda zvatinoziva pamusoro peBIID zvinoenderana neakecdotal accounts. Chechipiri, BIID inogona kunge inosanganisira nzira dzakaoma dzehutano hatisati taziva; shure kwezvose, uropi hahuna maturo zvakaoma. Chechitatu, kuvhiyiwa kukuru kweBIID kunosungirirwa mune zvetsika zvakanaka zvinowedzera kukwanisa kunzwisisa kwedu nekuonga kwehutano.
Sarudzo Sources
Chinyorwa chakanzi "Neural Basis of Limb Ownership kune Vose vane Muviri Wakavimbika Zvido Zvokuziva" neTV van Dijk yakabudiswa mu PLOS ONE muna 2013.
Chimwe chirevo chakatsigira "Kutendeseka Kwemuviri Kuzivikaniswa Kwemamiriro Evanhu (BIID) -Kubviswa kweZvikwereti Zvine Utano Zvakanaka Here?" "NaSabina Müller rakabudiswa muThe American Journal of Bioethics muna 2009.
Chinyorwa chakanzi "Kutendeseka Kwemuviri Kuve Kunopfuura Kutemerwa: Kubvumirwa uye Rusununguko" na Amy White muHEC Forum muna 2014.