Carl Rogers aiva chiremba wepfungwa dzeAmerica anozivikanwa nehutano hwake hwehutano hwehutano hunozivikanwa sevashandi-hukuru hwehutano. Rogers aiva mumwe wezvinyorwa zvekugadzira kwepfungwa dzevanhu uye zvakanyanya kuonekwa seimwe yevanonyanya kufunga zvikuru mune zvepfungwa. Mune kumwe kuongororwa kwevanongorori vezvepfungwa, Rogers akaverengwa sechitanhatu chepfungwa yepamusoro yepakati pezana remakore rechi20.
Kuzadziswa
- Carl Rogers ndiye anonyanya kuzivikanwa nenzira yake yekusagadzirisa kurapa inonzi " client-centered therapy"
- Pfungwa yake yezvinoitika
- Kukudziridza pfungwa yevanhu vanoshanda -zvizere
- Maonero ake ekuremekedzwa kwakanaka uye zvakakosha muhukama hwokurapa
Kuberekwa uye Rufu
- Akazvarwa musi waJanuary 8, 1902
- Akafa February 4, 1987
Upenyu Hwekutanga
Carl Ransom Rogers akaberekwa muna 1902 mu Oak Park, Illinois. Rogers aiva wechina wevana vatanhatu vakazvarwa nevabereki vake, injini yehurumende uye amai veimba. Rogers aive achifambisa zvikuru kuchikoro kubvira achiri muduku. Akanga atoverenga kare asati ava nemakore mashanu, saka akakwanisa kudarika chekejire uye giredhi yekutanga kupinda muchikoro muchikoro chechipiri.
Paakanga ava nemakore gumi nemaviri, mhuri yacho yakabva kumaruwa ichienda kumapurazi. Akanyoresa paYunivhesiti yeWisconsin muna 1919 semukuru wekurima asi gare gare akachinja kuva chitendero nezvirongwa zvekuva mushumiri.
Yakanga iri kushanyirwa neboka rechikoro kuBeijing uye kupera kwechirwere kunokonzera kuti atange kufunga nezvezvirongwa izvi. Mushure mekupinda musangano wechiKristu we1922 muChina, Rogers akatanga kusava nechokwadi nebasa rake rekuita. Akapedza chikoro kubva kuYunivhesiti yeWisconsin muna 1924 ane bhigary's degree in History uye akanyoresa kuUnited Theological Seminary asati atumirwa kuMudzidzisi weColumbia University muna 1926 kuti apedzise chiremba wake.
Chikamu chechikonzero chaakasarudza kurega kutsvakurudza kwechechi yebhaibheri uye kushandura kune kuongorora kwepfungwa yepamusoro ndiyo imwe nzira yaakatora kuColumbia University yakadzidziswa nehupfungwa dzepfungwa yeGovernment Stetter Hollingworth . Rogers akasarudza kunyoresa muchipatara chepfungwa chepfungwa paColumbia. Akapedzisa doctorate yake kuColumbia muna 1931.
Career
Mushure mokunge awana Ph.D., Rogers akapedza makore akawanda achishanda mu academia, akabata nzvimbo paOhio State University, University of Chicago, uye University of Wisconsin. Yaiva panguva iyi apo Rogers akatanga nzira yake yekurapa, iyo pakutanga yainzi "nondirective therapy." Iyi nzira, iyo inosanganisira mushandi anoshanda semubatsiri pane kuti ave mutungamiri wesangano rerapi, pakupedzisira akazozivikanwa sechiremba-chinotarisirwa chirongwa.
Muna 1946, Rogers akasarudzwa Mutungamiri weAmerica Psychological Association. Rogers akanyora mabhuku 19 uye nenyaya dzakawanda dzinotsanangura dzidziso yake yevanhu. Pakati pemabasa ake anozivikanwa ndeye Client-Centered Therapy (1951), On Being Being (1961), uye A Way of Being (1980).
Mushure memamwe mhirizhonga mukati memudhipatimendi wepfungwa panyaya yeYunivhesiti yeWisconsin, Rogers akagamuchira nzvimbo paWestern Behavioral Studies Institute (WBSI) muLa Jolla, California.
Pakupedzisira, iye nevamwe vaishanda navo vakasiya WBSI kuumba Centre for Studies of the Person (CSP).
Muna 1987, Rogers akasarudzwa nokuda kweNobel Peace Prize. Akaenderera mberi nebasa rake nevarwere-vaidavira kurapa kusvikira afa muna 1987.
Dzidziso
Self-Actualization
Rogers aidavira kuti vanhu vose vane zvigaro uye vanozvarwa ivo vanofanira kuwedzera nekuita zvavanogona. Ichi chidikanwi chekuzvipira kuzvitonga , akafunga, yaiva imwe yezvinangwa zvinotyisa kutyaira.
Unofitional Positive Regard
Kuti psychotherapy ibudirire, Rogers akaratidza, zvaive zvakakosha kuti chiremba ape ruremekedzo rwakanaka kune mutengi.
Izvi zvinoreva kupa rubatsiro uye kusava nekutonga, pasinei nokuti muchengeti anonzwa sei, kana, kana zvakaitika. Mutapi anogamuchira mutengi sezvavari uye anovabvumira kuti vataure zvose zvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka manzwiro pasina kutonga kana kuzvidzwa.
Kuvandudzwa kweAvo
Rogers aifunga kuti kuumbwa kwehutano hwehupenyu hwakanga huri hunoenderera mberi hwakaumbwa nehupenyu hwomunhu. Vanhu vane pfungwa dzakagadzikana yega pachavo vanowanzova nechivimbo chakanyanya uye vanoshanda zvakanakisisa nezvinetso zvehupenyu.
Rogers akataura kuti pfungwa yekuzvifunga inotanga kukura pahucheche uye inokurudzirwa nekurera vana. Vabereki vanopa vana vavo rudo rusingadi uye ruremekedzo zvinowanzoita kuti munhu ave nehutano hwakanaka. Vana vanofunga kuti vanofanira "kuwana" vabereki vavo vanogona kuguma nekutadza kuzvidzora uye manzwiro ekusafanira.
Congruence
Rogers anoratidzawo kuti vanhu vanowanzova nemafungiro e "ivo vanozvida." Dambudziko nderokuti chimiro chedu wekuti isu tinofunga kuti tinofanira kunge tisingagari nguva dzose nemafungiro edu nezvekuti tiri ani nhasi. Apo kuzvidzora kwedu kusingapindirani nehupenyu hwedu hwakanaka, isu tiri munharaunda yekutonga. Nokugamuchira maonero asina kunaka uye nekutsvaga maitiro anoitika, zvisinei, vanhu vanogona kusvika pedyo nekusvika nyika ye congruence.
Munhu Akakwana-Anoshanda
Rogers akarayira kuti vanhu vanoramba vachitsvaka kuzadzisa maitiro avo vanogona kuva izvo zvaakataura kuti zvizere-kushanda. Munhu anoshanda zvakakwana ndeye uyo akazara zvakakwana uye anorarama munguva iyo. Kufanana nedzimwe dzakawanda dzedzidziso yake, kutadza kusina mubvunzo kunobata basa rinokosha mukusimudzira kushanda kwakakwana. Avo vanogamuchira rubatsiro rusingaruramisirwi nerudo vanogona kukudziridza kuzviremekedza uye kuvimba kuti vave munhu wakanakisisa zvavanogona kuva uye kurarama maererano nehuwandu hwavo hune simba.
Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinokosha zveunhu anoshanda zvakakwana zvinosanganisira:
- Kuvhura kuitika
- Kuzvigadzirisa mafungiro
- Hazvirevi kutarisa pamusoro payo
- Kukwanisa kurarama maererano nevamwe.
Contributions to Psychology
Nekusimbisa kwake pamagariro evanhu, Carl Rogers akange ane simba guru pane zvose zvepfungwa uye dzidzo. Kupfuura izvozvo, anofungidzirwa nevezhinji kuti ave mumwe wevanyori vane masimba epfungwa dzezana remakore rechi20. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinotsanangura Rogers sevanonyanya kuchinja kupfuura chero imwe nyanzvi yepfungwa.
Sezvakatsanangurwa nemwanasikana wake Natalie Rogers, aive "muenzaniso wekunzwira tsitsi nekutonga kwehutongi muhupenyu hwake, uye mubasa rake semudzidzisi, munyori, uye mushonga."
Mumashoko Ake
"Chiitiko ndechokuti, ini, simba guru pane mamwe mazano. , kuwana hukama hwepedyo hwechokwadi sezvazviri mukutora mukati mangu. " -Carl Rogers, Pakuva Munhu
Tsvaga mamwe mazwi makuru euchenjeri mumutsara uyu weCar Rogers zvinyorwa .
Mabasa Akasarudzwa naCarl Rogers:
Rogers, C. (1951) Chirongwa chekwereti-chinonyanya kukosha: Chiito chaicho chazvino, zvinoreva uye chirevo. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Rogers, C. (1961) Pakuva Munhu: Muongorori weArapist's Psychotherapy Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Rogers, C. (1980) Nzira Yokuva. Boston: Houghton Mifflin
Biographies yaCar Rogers:
Cohen, D. (1997) Carl Rogers. A crucial biography. London: Constable.
Thorne, B. (1992) Carl Rogers. London: Sage.
> Sources:
> Lawson, R, Graham, J, & Baker, K. A History of Psychology Kudyidzana, Mazano, uye Applications. New York: Routledge; 2016.
> Thorne, B & Sanders, P. Carl Rogers. Los Angeles: Sage Publications; 2013.