Muchizhinji chezviitiko, vanachiremba vepfungwa havagoni kupa mishonga kuvarwere vavo. Zvisinei, pane kuve nekukurumidza kushandiswa mune dzimwe nyika kuti kupa vanachiremba zvepfungwa vachiratidza ropafadzo uye pane chaizvoizvo kakatova nzvimbo shomanana apo magweta epfungwa anonyora ropafadzo.
Ndeapi Pfungwa Dzepfungwa Dzichapa Mishonga?
Nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzinokwanisa kupa mishonga mumauto uye Indian Health Service uye kuLouisana, New Mexico uye Illinois.
Nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa dzakagadziriswa dzichinyora ropafadzo muNew Mexico muna 2002 uye muLouisana muna 2004.
Muna 2014, Illinois yakave nyika yechitatu yekupa masimba kuvaridzi vepfungwa avo vanobata zvakakodzera kudzidziswa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, vanachiremba vepfungwa vanofanirwa kugamuchira kudzidziswa kwakanaka uye vanobvumirwa kupa mamwe mishonga inoshandiswa mukurapa kwepfungwa dzepfungwa.
Ndekupi Kurovedza Kunyoresa Mazivi Nezvepfungwa?
Ndeupi rudzi rwekurovedza kunodiwa? MuLouisana, somuenzaniso, avo vanoongorora nezvepfungwa vanoda kuwana kuwana simba rekugadzirira vanofanira kupedza chiremba-chiremba chiremba muchipatara chepfungwa yepfungwa, kupedza chirongwa chekuongorora nyika, uye kubata chiremba chebasa kubva kuLouisana State Board yeEvaminer of Psychologists.
- MuLouisana: Masayendisiti evanhu vanofanirwa kutanga kupedza chiremba chiremba chiremba muchipatara chepfungwa yepamapfungwa asati agona kupa mishonga.
- MuNew Mexico: Masayendisiti anofanirwa kupedza maawa makumi mana ekudzidzisa kwakadzidziswa uye maawa mazana mana emitambo inotarisirwa mu psychopoprmacology.
- MuItaly: Mapeji ezvemapfungwa anofanirwa kupiwa ruzivo rwakakosha mumapfungwa epfungwa. Pamusoro pekudzidziswa uku, vanofanirwa kupedzisa kuongororwa kwekliniki yekutenderera inotora mwedzi 14 uye inotakura zvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana kusanganisira zvipatara, majeri, uye makiriniki ehutano hwepfungwa.
Masayendisiti haasi ivo voga vasiri vanachiremba vakagadzwa vachirondedzera kodzero. Vanachiremba vanofambira mberi mune zvepfungwa vanewo zvishoma kugadzirisa masimba munzvimbo dzinenge makumi mana dzakasiyana.
Nharo dzekunyora ropafadzo
Vatsigiri vekunyoresa kodzero dzevanokanganisa mupfungwa vanobatanidza National Alliance of Professional Psychology Providers. Vatsigiri vanoratidza kuti avo vanofunga nezvepfungwa vanofanira kubvumirwa kunyorera zvinyorwa nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana.
Nhasi, vanachiremba vanorayira zvinenge makumi manomwe kubva muzana zvemishonga yepfungwa kunyange zvazvo vachiwanzodzidziswa zvishoma uye ruzivo nehosha yepfungwa. Vatsigiri vanoratidza kuti vanhu vazhinji vanozoshandiswa zviri nani nevechiremba wepfungwa vanogonawo kushandisa dzimwe nzira dzokurapa kunze kwekugadzirisa mune zvemishonga.
Zvimwe zvikonzero zvakataurwa nevatsigiri zvinosanganisira:
- Wedzera kubatikana kwekutarisira utano hwepfungwa
- Bvumira varwere kuwana nekukurumidza kurapwa
- Batsira varwere vekumaruwa kuwana zvirwere zvakanyanya nyore
- Deredza nguva yekumirira kurapwa; dzakawanda dzinotarisana nekushayikwa kwepfungwa dzepfungwa, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuvatengi kuwana rubatsiro rweutano rwepfungwa panguva yakakodzera
Zvinokonzera Kuzvinyorwa Zvikomborero
Misangano inopesana nekupa kodzero dzevadzidzi vepfungwa dzinosanganisira American Medical Association, American Psychiatric Association, uye National Alliance in Mental Illness.
Vavengi vanotaura zvikonzero zvinoverengeka nei masayendisiti epfungwa asingagoni kukwanisa kunyora mitemo, kusanganisira:
- Kudzidzira kukwana mukurapa uye pharmacology
- Ngozi yemigumisiro yemishonga
- Ngozi yekutarisana nezvinetso zvezvechiremba zvingangodaro zvisiri kukanganisika kwepfungwa
- Inenge hafu yevarwere vose vakagadzirwa nemishonga inonzi psychotropic inewo imwe kana kuti yakawanda iripo-inorapwa zvirwere
- Vanachiremba uye vezvechirwere vanodzidziswa zviri nani kuti vaone kuti ndeipi uye kana mishonga inoda
Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pepfungwa dzepfungwa:
References
APA Practice Central. (nd). Nezvokunyora magwekistori. Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://www.apapracticeticecentral.org/advocacy/authority/prescribing-psychologists.aspx
National Alliance on Mental Illness. (2002). Kunyora ropafadzo dzevanodzidza nezvepfungwa. Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=Issue_Spotlights&template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=8375