Izwi rokuti " psychologist " uye " chirwere chepfungwa " rinowanzoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana kurondedzera chero ani anopa rubatsiro rwehutano, asi mabasa maviri uye mabasa anopiwa nebasa rimwe nerimwe akasiyana maererano nehuwandu uye huwandu.
Vanachiremba ndivo vanachiremba uye vanokwanisa kupa mishonga, izvo zvavanoita pamwe chete nekupa psychotherapy, kunyange zvazvo kurapwa uye maitiro ezvokurapa zvinowanzotarisa.
Nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzinobata zvidzidzo zvechiremba asi haisi vanachiremba, uye hazvikwanisi kuisa mune dzimwe nyika. Pane kudaro, vanongopa chete psychotherapy, iyo inogona kusanganisira kupindira kwepfungwa uye maitiro.
Dzidzo, Kudzidziswa, uye Credentials
Kunyange zvazvo mafungiro epfungwa nevechirwere chepfungwa vari vaviri vanoita maitiro epfungwa uye kutsvakurudza, pane zvakasiyana zvakasiyana pakati pemaitiro maviri maererano nedzidzo, kudzidziswa, uye nzira dzekurapa kwenguva refu.
Dzidzo Yezvidzidzo kune Mapiyoriologists
Nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzinogamuchira kudzidza kudzidzira mune zvepfungwa uye dzinotevedza PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) kana PsyD (Doctor of Psychology) mumakiriniki kana kupa mazano epfungwa .
Dhigirii mapurogiramu anowanzotora makore mashanu kusvika kune manomwe kuti apedze uye nyika dzakawanda dzinoda rimwe rimwe kana maviri zvemakore kwenguva yakareba basa kuitira kuwana ruzivo rwemvumo. Zvimwe zvematongerwo zvinoda rimwe gore kana maviri emitambo yakatarisirwa vasati vapa mvumo yakakwana.
Panguva yekudzidziswa kwavo, avo vanotevedzera PhD kana PsyD doctoral degree vanotora zvidzidzo mukugadzirwa kwehupenyu, nzira dzekutsvakurudza kwepfungwa, nzira dzekurapa, maitiro epfungwa, maitiro ekurapa, nekurapa maitiro pakati pezvimwe nyaya. Vanopedzisawo basa rimwe chete kana maviri kwemakore akawanda, rinoteverwa nekanguva chekuchengetedza tsika.
Zita re "psychologist" rinogona kushandiswa chete nemumwe munhu apedza izvi pamusoro apa dzidzo, kudzidziswa, uye zvematongerwo enyika zvinoda. Mazita asina kurongwa akadai se "mupi wezano" kana "murapi" anowanzoshandiswawo zvakare, asi vamwe vashandi vezvehutano hwepfungwa dzakadai sevashandi vezvemagariro evanhu vanogonawo kutora mazita aya.
Dhigirii yeDD dhigirii inowanzova yakawanda yekutsvakurudza. Vaya vanowana PhD mumakiriniki kana kurapwa kwepfungwa vanowana kudzidziswa kwakanyanya muongororo yekutsvakurudza uye kupedzisa shanduro. Iyo PsyD degree inosarudza, kune rumwe rutivi, inowanzova yakawanda-tsika. Vadzidzi vanotevera dhigirii iyi vanosarudza kushandisa nguva yakawanda vachidzidza nezvekuita maitiro ekurapa uye nzira dzokurapa.
Kufanana nemapfungwa, masayendisiti ekushanda anoshandisa DSM (kana Diagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders) kuti aongorore vanhu vane zviratidzo zvehutano hwepfungwa. Vanowanzoshandisa miedzo yepfungwa dzakadai sehutano hwemunhu, kuongororwa kwekliniki, kuongorora maitiro, uye kuongorora kweIQ kuitira kuti vawane pfungwa yakanaka yekuti mutengi ari kushanda sei.
Dzidzo Yezvidzidzo zveMapfungwa
Vanachiremba ndivo vanachiremba vane ruzivo rwakananga mukuongorora, kuongororwa, kurapwa, nekudzivirira zvirwere zvepfungwa.
Kuti ave chiremba chepfungwa, vadzidzi vanotanga kuwana chikoro chepasikiriyasi vasati vasvika kuchikoro chezvokurapa uye vanogamuchira MD
Pashure pokupedzisa kurapwa kwavo, vanopedzawo mamwe makore mana ekugara kwekudzidzira muhutano hwepfungwa. Uku kugara uku kunosanganisira kushanda muchipatara chechipatara. Vanoshandawo nevarwere vakasiyana-siyana kubva kuvana kusvikira kune vanhu vakuru vanogona kunge vane matambudziko ehutano, matambudziko emanzwiro, kana mamwe marudzi ehutano hwepfungwa.
Munguva iyi yekugara kwechiremba, avo vanonyanya kuongorora masayendisiti vanowana kudzidziswa nekuita maitiro ekuongorora uye kubata zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvepfungwa zvakadai sePTSD, ADHD, schizophrenia, uye bipolar disorder.
Masayendisiti anowana kurovedzwa mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvehutano hwehutano hwepfungwa zvichibatanidza kugadzirisa-maitiro ekurapa, nzira yakakurumbira yekurapa iyo yakaratidzwa kuva nehupamhi hwekubudirira mukurapa mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzepfungwa dzinosanganisira kushungurudzika kwepfungwa, somatoform zvinetso, kushungurudzika, uye kutsamwa nyaya. Imwe tsvakurudzo inoratidza kuti kubatanidza CBT nemishonga inogona kuva yakanyatsoshanda mukurapa kwemamwe mamiriro.
Vamwe vanogamuchirawo mamwe mazano mune imwe nzvimbo inofadza kufanana neyemagariro ekurapa kwepfungwa, mwana uye wechidiki chepfungwa dzepfungwa, zvinodhaka, nezvimwewo nzvimbo. Vamwe vanogona kusarudza kuwedzera mberi nekuzadzisa ushamwari munzvimbo yakadai seyeuropsychiatry, additions, geriatrics, psychiatry yevechiri kuyaruka, kana psychopharmacology.
Iko Kugona Kupa Mishonga
Chimwe chikamu chechipiri chakakosha pakati pevashandi vaviri ndechekuti vezvechirwere chepfungwa vanogona kupa mishonga , asi, mune dzimwe nyika, masayendisiti epfungwa haagoni. Zvisinei, pane kuve nekukurumidza kusvitsa kupa kupa mvumo kune vanoona nezvepfungwa. Vamwe vanoti seNew Mexico neLouisana zvino vanopa kupa ropafadzo kuvarapi vezvechiremba vane chiremba chiremba chiremba chiremba kana zvakaenzana mumakiriniki epfungwa.
Kevin McGuinness, sachigaro weCommissioned Corps Mental Health Functional Advisory Group, anonyora kuti, "Kune avo vanofarira basa mune zvepfungwa semunyori, zvinokosha kuziva kuti vamwe vashandi vehurumende nevasununguko vakagadziriswa (Army, Air Force, Public Health Basa, Navy, nezvimwewo) avo vane mvumo mune imwe nyika sechiremba wezvepfungwa anogona kupa chero humwe hurumende yavanopiwa nehurumende yehurumende. "
Mabatiro Avanoita Mushonga
Kunyange zvazvo dzidzo mbiri idzi dzakasiyana, vanoongorora nezvepfungwa uye masayendisiti vari vaviri vanoita basa rinokosha mukurapa kwepfungwa. Dzidzo mbiri idzi dzinowanzoratidzwa sezviri kurwisana, asi chokwadi ndechokuti vanowanzoshanda pamwe nekubatana kuti vape kurapa kwakanakisisa kune varwere.
Nyanzvi dzepfungwa uye vezvepfungwa vanowanzoshanda nekushandira uye vanoita kuti zvirongwa zvehutano zvakasiyana. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, vanhu vane basa nemudzidzi wepfungwa kuitira kuti vagone kurapwa kwepfungwa nguva dzose uye voona chiremba wepfungwa pavhiki nevhiki kana pamwedzi kuitira kuti vaongorore mishonga yemishonga.
Semuenzaniso, varwere vanogona kutanga nekuona chiremba wavo wekutarisira pamusoro pezviratidzo zvepfungwa. Chiremba wavo angabva avatumira kune chiremba wepfungwa kuti awedzere kuongorora. Iyo nyanzvi yepfungwa inogona kuongorora, kuongorora, uye kuongorora murwere asati ataura kwavari kune chiremba chepfungwa uyo anogona kupa uye kuongorora mishonga. Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa uye vezvepfungwa vanogona kushanda pamwe chete, uye mupfungwa wepfungwa anopa kupindira kwehutano uye chiremba wepfungwa achipa mishonga, kuitira kugadzirisa zvakanakisisa zviratidzo.
Rudzi rwekutaura runodikanwa runowanzoenderana nekuoma kwezviratidzo zvevarwere uye zvinodiwa uye zvishuvo zvemu murwere. Imwe tsvakurudzo yakaratidza kuti varwere vanowanzoda kusarudza psychotherapy chete kana kusanganiswa kwepfungwa yepfungwa nemishonga. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, varwere vangasarudza kushanda nemudzidzi wepfungwa kana vachida kuisa pfungwa pahutano hwepfungwa kana neboka rinosanganisira mupfungwa wepfungwa uye chirwere chepfungwa kana vachida kubatanidza maitiro ehutano uye nezvemapiriniki. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaona kuti kuunganidza nzira dzekurapa kunogonawo kuva mari yakawanda-inoshanda kuvarwere.
Job Outlook uye Pay
Maererano neWesupational Outlook Handbook yakabudiswa neU.B. Bureau of Labor and Statistics, maonero ekushanda kwepfungwa dzepfungwa nemapfungwa anotarisirwa kukura zvakaenzana zvakafanana. Vanofanotaura kuda kwechirwere chepfungwa kuti vauye pamwero we 15 muzana pakati pemakore gore ra2014 uye 2024, zvichienzaniswa nekuwedzera mumabasa anenge 4,200. Chido chevanodzidza nezvepfungwa chinotarisirwa kukura pane imwe nguva yakawanda ye19 muzana pakati pemakore gore ra2014 ne2024, zvichienderana nekuwedzera kwemamwe 32 500 mamwe mabasa.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics inoshuma kuti mibairo yepakati pemapfungwa yepfungwa dzeMay 2016 yaiva $ 75,230 pagore. Mari yepakati pegore yevamwe vezvepfungwa munaMay 2016 yaiva yakakwirira zvikuru pa $ 245,673.
Kune Vaya Vanofarira Kuva Ive Masayendisiti kana Psychiatrist
Kana uri kufunga nezvebasa sechiremba, iwe uchada kuziva kuti ndeipi nzira yekushanda yakakunakira iwe. Iwe unofarira mukuitisa psychotherapy , kutungamirira kuongororwa kwepfungwa, nekuita tsvakurudzo? Kana zvakadaro, basa sechiremba wepfungwa rinogona kuva rakanakisisa kwauri.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kana iwe unofarira mushonga uye uchida kukwanisa kupa mishonga kune varwere vako, basa mune zvepfungwa rinogona kunge riri sarudzo yako yakanaka.
Kana iwe usingadi kuisa makore mashanu kusvika kumasere mukupedza kudzidza, funga kutsvaka basa semunhu anoshanda mune zvehupfumi kana anopa mazano . Aya maitiro anokwanisawo kupa hutano hwepfungwa zvichienderana nekudzidziswa uye ruzivo. Basa rose rehutano nekupa mazano zvinowanzodikanwa makore maviri kana matatu ekupedza kudzidza.
Kuchengetedza kwepfungwa kune imwe nzira huru yekushandira kune vadzidzi vanofarira mushonga. Vanachiremba veEp Psychiatric vanofambira mberi vanobata chiremba chetenzi kana kuti vakwegura mukurapa kwepfungwa dzepfungwa-yepfungwa uye vanogona kuongorora varwere, kuongorora zvinetso, kupa psychotherapy, uye kupa mishonga.
Zvinenge Zvakafanana Kuve Chiremba Zvepfungwa kana Psychiatrist
Basa rehutano / hwehupenyu nekugadzirisa mabasa ndeimwe zvimwe zvinhu izvo vadzidzi vanofanira kufunga pavanosarudza pakati pebasa sechirwere chepfungwa kana chiremba wepfungwa. Chikoro chechiremba uye chikoro chekupedza chikoro chakanyanyisa uye chinoda kukohwa kukuru kwemazuva, zvigadzirwa, uye simba.
Kugara kwechiremba kunogona kukuvadza, uye vadzidzi vanofanira kunzwa vakasununguka kushanda muzvirongwa zvezvechiremba kana vakasarudza kupinda mumunda wepfungwa dzepfungwa.
Mushure mokunge vapedza kudzidza, masayendisiti anosarudza kushanda muchipatara zvinogona kudiwa kuti ashande maawa akawanda kana kuti ave-kudana. Vanachiremba vanogona kushanda muzvipatara, asi vanogonawo kusarudza kushanda munzvimbo dzinochengetedza hutano hwepfungwa, zvidzidzo zvedzidzo, kana maitiro emunhu oga. Vaya vanosarudza kushanda vari voga vanogona kuwana kuti vane humwe hutungamiri pane hurongwa hwavo nemaawa.
Nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa dzinosanganawo nemitemo yakafanana. Vamwe vanoongorora nezvepfungwa vanogonawo kusarudza kushanda muchipatara, asi vamwe vanogona kuwanikwa mumakiriniki ehutano hwehutano, masangano ehurumende, maitiro ezvidzidzo, uye maitiro emunhu oga. Vashandi vari munharaunda iyi vangawana kuti vanodikanwa kushanda manheru uye maawa ekupera kwevhiki kuitira kuti vagare nevatengi vanoshanda panguva dzebhizimisi dzemazuva ose. Kufanana nemapfungwa, masayendisiti epfungwa vanoshanda mundima yehutano hwepfungwa vanogonawo kunge vari kufonera pane dzimwe nguva kana kukwanisa kupindura mamiriro ekukurumidzira.
Shoko Rinobva
Masayendisiti uye masayendisiti vanomiririra mazita akasiyana-siyana ehutano, asi zvose zviri zviviri zvinoita basa rinokosha mumunda wehutano hwepfungwa. Kusiyana kwepakati pakati pepfungwa dzepfungwa nevechirwere chepfungwa kunouya kuchikoro chekudzidzisa nekugadza masimba, asi vaviri vanogovera chinangwa chinokosha chekubatsira varwere kunzwa zvakanaka.
Pane zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana pakati pepfungwa dzepfungwa nevechirwere chepfungwa uye vashandi vehutano hwepfungwa vanofanira kuziva nezvekusiyanisa pakati pemabasa maviri. Pasinei nokusiyana uku, vose vanofunga nezvepfungwa uye masayendisiti vakagadzirirwa kupa hutano hwepfungwa kuvanhu vanotambura kubva kudiki kusvika kune chirwere chepfungwa chakakomba.
Vose vari vaviri vanowana ruzivo rwakakura mune zvepfungwa nehutano hwepfungwa, saka rudzi rwehutano wamunosarudza kuona runogona kuvimba nekuwanika munharaunda yako uye kana usingadi mishonga yekurapa chirwere chako. Hakuna imwe "iri nani" kupfuura imwe, asi zvido zvako uye zviratidzo zvakananga zvinogona kuita basa iro unyanzvi huri nani kukugadzirira kukurapa kwako. Kurukurai zvaunogona kuita nachiremba wako uye tsvaga zvinyorwa zvekuwana nyanzvi yehutano hwepfungwa munharaunda yako uyo anogona kukubatsira kugadzirisa nyaya dzaunotarisana nadzo.
> Sources:
> Capuzzi, D & Stauffer, MD. Kurayira uye Psychotherapy: Mafungiro uye Kupindira. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association; 2016.
> Hofmann, SG, Asnaani, A. Vonk, IJJ, Sawyer, AT, & Fang, A. Kubudirira kweCognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Review of Meta-analysis. 2012; 36 (5): 427-440. doi: 10.1007 / s10608-012-9476-1.
> McGuinness, KM. Kukurukurirana wega. May 19, 2011.
> Plotnik, R. & Kouyoumdjian, H. Kutangisa kuPychology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth; 2014.