Mupiro Wenyu Wakanaka Achakuona Iwe Iye zvino
"Uri kuitei nhasi?" "Chii chiri kuitika munyika yako iye zvino?" "Unonzwa sei?" Izvi zvingaita semibvunzo yakajeka shamwari inofarira ingabvunza. Zvisinei, muzuva ranhasi rekutarisira utano hwepfungwa, vanogonawo kuva kutanga kwekutaurirana nemutachiona wako chaiye. Kufambira mberi muuchenjeri hwekuvaka (AI) kuri kuunza psychotherapy kuvanhu vakawanda vanohuda.
Zviri kujekesa kuti AI yehutano hwepfungwa inogona kunge iri mutambo wekushandura.
Innovative teknolojia inopa mikana mitsva kune mamiriyoni eAmerica akanganiswa nemamiriro ezvinhu ehutano akasiyana. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvakanakira nzira idzi dzinofanirwa kuve yakanyatsorongeka nezvisakwanisi. Iyo yakareba kwenguva yakareba yeAI yehutano hwepfungwa isati iongororwa zvakakwana, asi mhinduro yekutanga iri kuvimbisa.
Kushungurudzika Kwepfungwa Ndicho Chinhu Chinonyanya Kukosha MuAmerica
Maererano neNational Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), mumwe wevanhu vakuru vashanu muUnited States (17.9 muzana) anonzwa chimwe chimwe chepfungwa yehutano hwepfungwa. Kurapa kwepfungwa hakungoratidzi kuderedza hupenyu hwomunhu, asi hunobatanidza nekuwedzera kwehutano hwekushandisa.
Charles Roehrig, mutungamiriri wekutanga weCentral for Sustainable Health Spending paAltarum Institute muAn Ann Arbor, Michigan, anoti kunetseka kwepfungwa, kusanganisira kuora mwoyo, ikozvino kwakanyanya kune urongwa hwehutano nehuwandu huwandu hunoshandiswa.
Zvechokwadi, hutano hwepfungwa iye zvino ndiyo chikamu chinodhura zvikuru chehutano hwedu hwehutano, kuwedzeredza mamiriro ezvinhu emwoyo, ayo akashandiswa kuva akawandisa.
Inenge $ 201 bhiriyoni inoshandiswa pakurapa kwepfungwa gore negore. Sezvo vanhu vakawanda vachikwegura, vachiwedzera kuwanda kwemamwe mararamiro ehutano, zvakadai sekuora mwoyo, zvinotarisirwa kukwira ichi chikwata chapamusoro, pamwe nekufambisa maitiro matsva ekugadzirisa.
Nemhaka yemari inobatanidzwa nehutano, vanhu vakawanda vane matambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa havagamuchiri purogiramu yakagadzirwa nenguva. Mariro haisi iyo chete inobatsira; zvimwe zvikonzero zvinosanganisira kushayikwa kwevechiremba uye kushorwa kunosangana nehosha yepfungwa.
AI yeMagariro Epfungwa uye ega CBT
Chiremba wezvekuongorora kwechipatara Dr. Alison Darcy akasika Woebot, purogiramu yekombiyuta yakabatana ne-Facebook inotarisira kupindura kukurukurirana murwere angave neine mushonga wake. Woebot ihurukuro inofanana neyokutumira mameseji pakarepo. Iyo teknolojia yehutano yehutano inobvunza nezvemafungiro ako nemafungiro, "anoteerera" manzwiro aunoita, anodzidza pamusoro pako uye anopa uchapupu-hwakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa maitiro therapy (CBT) zvishandiso. Kuwirirana neWoebot kunangwa kurongedza hupenyu hwechokwadi-hukama chiso nechiso, uye kushamwaridzana kunoenderana nemamiriro emunhu.
Zvisinei, Darcy anongwarira kuti aratidze kuti Woebot inongova robot uye haikwanise kutora hukama hwevanhu. Uyewo, vamwe vanhu vangave vachida mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa kubatanidzwa uye kurapwa kudarika chirongwa chinowanikwa chinogona kupa. Kunyange zvakadaro, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinobvumirana kuti sarudzo dzakadai saWeebot dzinoita kuti CBT iwane nyore kusvika kune chizvarwa chemazuva ano chinogara chisina nguva uye inowirirana ne 24/7 kuwirirana.
Iyi software yakanyatsogadzirirwa inopa zvidzidzo zvega pachedu izvo zvisingada kuve zvakanyorwa kare uye zvisingakwanisi.
Woebot haisi yekuedza kwokutanga kubata vanhu nekuisa pamberi pe avatar. Mimwe miitiro yakagadziridzwa kugadzirisa utano hwevanhu hwepfungwa uchishanda. Mamwe emakambani ekutanga akaumbwa muma1960 paMIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. Purogiramu yavo ELIZA akakwanisa kuenzanisa hurukuro pfupi pakati pemushonga uye murwere uye inoonekwa sekurukuru wemashandisirwo ari kushandiswa nhasi.
Kufambira mberi mumutauro wekushandura kwemazuva ose uye kufarirwa kwemafonifoni kwakagadzira zvishongo zvitsva zvitsva zveAI zvekutarisira utano hwepfungwa.
Nharo dzinoramba dzichivandudza kuti dzive dzevanhu-dzakafanana uye dzakasikwa. Vanopawo mitauro yakasiyana-siyana. Semuenzaniso, Emma anotaura chiDutch uye ibhoderedzwa rakagadzirirwa kubatsira nekunetseka, apo Karim inotaura chiArabic uye yave ichibatsira vapoteri veSyria vachirwisana nekutsungirira mushure mekunge vatiza utsinye hwehondo.
Mapurogiramu ose aya akagadzirwa naSilicon Valley kutanga X2AI. Pari zvino, kambani iri kukurudzira maitiro ekupedzisira epfungwa yeAI chibereko-Tess. Tess anogona kuita CBT, uye zvinonzi zvichivandudza kushungurudzika kunosanganiswa nekuchengetedza.
Chii Chinokonzera AI Yeutano Hwepfungwa Saka Kudaidza?
Pakuongorora kushandiswa kwemakwenzi muhutano hwehutano, International International Committee reRed Cross inotaura mumushumo wayo we 2017 kuti kuongorora kwokutanga kwebombigi-app mabhiji zvakasanganiswa. Kunyange zvazvo yave ichizivikanwa kuti haisi iyo inodhura uye iri nyore kutora, zvimwe zvingakwanisi zvakare zvakatsanangurwa, zvakadai semagetsi ekugadzira. Uyezve, marobhoti haana pfungwa dzavo; ivo vanotevera shanduro yakatsanangurwa. Nokudaro, havasi nguva dzose vanokwanisa kunzwisisa mushumiri uye chinangwa chake. Nokudaro, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti izvi zvingangodaro zvinofanira kushandiswa pamwe chete nemunhu wechirwere kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti hapana chinowanikwa.
Kunyange zvakadaro, zvimwe zvidzidzo zvekutanga pamusoro pekushanda kwemakateti ehutano hwepfungwa vave vachivimbisa. Rokutanga randomized control kutongwa naWoebot rakaratidza kuti mushure memavhiki maviri chete, vatori vechikamu vakaona kuderedzwa kukuru mukuderera uye kushungurudzika. Uyezve, huwandu hukuru hwekubatana hwakarongeka, pamwe nevanhu vanoshandisa bhovha mazuva ose.
Mumwe muongorori anonzi Ellie akaiswawo uye akadzingwa neYunivhesiti yeSouth California Institute for Creative Technologies (ICT). Pakutanga, Ellie yakagadzirirwa kurapa veterans vane kushushikana uye mushure mekutambudzika kwepfungwa.
Chinonyanya kukosha pamusoro pekombiyuta ndechekuti Ellie anokwanisa kuona kwete mazwi chete asiwo mazwi asingatauri (semuenzaniso kutarisa chiso, zviratidzo, maitiro). Zviratidzo zvisiri izvo zvakakosha zvikuru mukurapa, asi zvinogona kuva zvisinganzwisisiki uye zvakaoma kutora. Ikosi ye ICT yakatungamirirwa naLouis-Philippe Morency naAlbert "Skip" Rizzo yakagadzira mushandi wavo chaiye kuitira kuti inogona kuunganidza uye kuongorora ruzivo rwemashoko evanhu uye kubatsira kutarisa mushumiri. Vanyori veEllie vanopesana kuti uyu munhu chaiye anogona kukura utano hwepfungwa uye kuvandudza kuongororwa kwakarurama.
Chii chinokonzera Ellie (uye dzimwe nhengo dzemhuri yakabatana) akakwanisa kuita zvakanaka kudaro?
Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti tinoita kuvatatari sekunge kuti vaiva vanhu chaivo. Mel Slater weYunivhesiti yeLondon London, UK, nevamwe vaaishanda navo vakacherechedza hutsika iyi pavaiita maitiro apo vanhu vaiziva kuti vaibatanidza nemabhoti, asi ivo vakavaudza sevakange vari vechokwadi.
Vamwe vanoongorora nezvepfungwa vanotiwo tinoona zviri nyore kugoverana mashoko anonyadzisa anonyadzisa nemutachiona chaiwo. Mukutaurirana kwevanhu-kune-vanhu, pane kazhinji kacho kuzvidzora. Kunyara kunogona kudzivirira vanhu kuti varege kugovana pachena kune mumwe munhu. Zvisinei, kana agere neine chiremba chaiwo, zvidzidzo zvakawanikwa kuti zvinoda kuzviratidza, izvo zvingave nezvakakosha kurapa. Apo varwere vachitaura ne-psychotherapy bot, vanotaura kuti havafungi kutongwa. Ellie, Karim na Woebot vanogona kuita kuti vanzwe vakasununguka. Mukuwedzera, marobhoti anogara achiwanika uye anogona kupa zvikamu zvakakwirira zvakanyanya zvekurapa kwokurapa zvichifananidzwa nemumwe munhu mushonga.
Heading Towards an AI-based Mental Health Care System?
AI iri kutotamisa shanduko dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira utano hwepfungwa. Machine yekudzidza uye yakagadzirwa neAI technologies inoita kuti hutsva hutarisiro hutsva hunotarirwa pakupa umwe neumwe kutsigirwa kwepfungwa. Semuenzaniso, Ginger.io iyananise makadziro ekudzidza uye kliniki yekutengesa kuti ikupe mukana wakakodzera wekutsigirwa mupfungwa panguva yakakodzera. Ichi chikwata, chakavakwa makore anopfuura matanhatu apfuura, chinosanganisa vanachiremba vane AI uye inopa 24/7 mumutauro weBBCT, kufunga uye kudzivirira kugadzirisa. Iyo kambani inogara ichivandudza iyo teknolojia kuitira kuti inogona kutsigira vashandi zvakakodzera uye inotevedze kufambira mberi kwavo, kuburikidza nekushandira pamwe kwevadzidzi, masayendisiti, uye masayendisiti. Nekudzidzira makina semusana, kufambira mberi kwomunhu mumwe nomumwe kunobatsira Ginger.io kunatsiridza chikwata chacho uye kuchiita kuti chinzwisise uye chinowedzera. Nokunyora purogiramu yeGinger.io, vashandisi vanotanga kuenzaniswa neboka rakatsaurirwa revatatu vatsigiri vemapfungwa kuti vadzibatsire maawa ose. Uye kana zvichidiwa, vashandisi vangave vakakurudzirwa kusvika kune avo vane chiremba vane chiremba kana bhodhi-vanozivikanwa nemapfungwa, kuburikidza nemavhidhiyo anotarirwa mumazuva mashomanana, achienzaniswa nemavhiki pasi pemuenzaniso wezvino. Kushamwaridzana nevanodzidzisa nevarapi vanogona kubva kubva mumagariro asinganzwisisiki ehupenyu kusvika pane zvidzidzo zvevhidhiyo, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nomunhu wacho.
Muenzaniso weGinger.io unoratidza kuti tingave tichienda kune imwe yeAI-based health care system iyo inogona kudarika nguva, nzvimbo uye, mune imwe nzvimbo, miganhu yemari uye kukwana. "Kushandisa teknolojia yekugadzira magetsi uye kudzidzira zvemichina, tinogona kuita hutano hwehutano huri nyore kusvika uye huri nyore, asi kuderedza kusagadzikana kunowanikwa maitiro evanhu," anodaro Rebecca Chiu, Musoro weBusiness Development paGinger.io.
Kushaikwa kwevashandi kwaive chimwe chipingamupinyi chikuru chekuona munhu wese anotambura nehutano hwepfungwa. Makombeti uye mapuraneti ari paIndaneti, kune rumwe rutivi, anogona kukuona chero nguva iwe uchida kutsigirwa kwavo. Mukuwedzera, vangave vatove vashanda nevashandisi vakawanda kudarika mureji wehutano angave. Adhamu Miner weStanford University anodana boka iri re technologies "hukuru hwokukurukurirana" uye anofanotaura kuti vachawedzera zvakanyanya muna 2018.
Kunyange zvazvo AI yehutano hwepfungwa ichiri kudikanwa kubata nematambudziko akawanda, kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti hutano hwehutano huri kubatsirwa nekuenderera mberi, uye teknolojia inofanirwa kunge iri kupa unhu hunovandudzwa hwevashandi. Utano hwakanaka hwepfungwa huri pedu pachedu.
Kuchengetedza Kusangana Kwemagariro Pakati Pevechiduku vachishandisa AI
Nzvimbo dzekubudisira mitambo inokosha zvakanyanya kune vechidiki vane chirwere chepfungwa. Kunyanya kushamwaridzana nevamwe uye matambudziko kuvaka hukama hwepedyo kazhinji hunoonekwa muupenyu hwavo. Saka, masangano evanhu paIndaneti anogona kukurudzira pfungwa yekuve yavo uye kukurudzira kukurukurirana kwakanaka. Kunyange zvazvo zvibatsiro zvemagariro ehutano muIndaneti zvatove zvakanyatsozivikanwa, masayendisiti ari kuisa zvino mukana weAI inogona kutamba mukuita kuti vanhu vachinzwe sehukama hwakanyatsobatanidzwa.
Simon D'Alfonso weThe National Center of Excellence muVechidiki Mental Health muMelbourne, Australia, nevamwe vake vave vachishanda paModerate Online Social Therapy (MOST). MOST model inoshandiswa nevechidiki vachirasikirwa kubva ku-psychosis uye kuora mwoyo. Inyanzvi yekombiyuta inobatsira kuvaka mamiriro ekurapa umo vechiduku vanodzidza uye vanobatana, pamwe nekuita maitiro ekurapa.
Iko MOST system ine zvikamu zvakawanda, kusanganisira Café chikamu apo vashandisi vanogona kugovana zviitiko uye kuwana rubatsiro uye kuvimbiswa kubva kune dzimwe nhengo. Vashandi vanogonawo kusarudza dambudziko mubato reTalk It Out apo zvinetso zvinogadziriswa muboka. Kana kuti, vanogona kupinda mubasa rekuita iro rinoshandisa pfungwa uye kuzvidzora muDai Izvo! chikamu chesaiti.
CHIKURU chakashandiswa mumutsara wezviongorori zvekutsvaga uye yakaongororwa semunhu anogona kushandisa utano hwepfungwa. Pari zvino, purogiramu inoshandiswa nevadzidzisi vevanhu. Zvisinei, varimi vehurongwa huri kuronga kuti pakupedzisira vagadzirise vanhu vane mazano AI matsva. Mushandisi wehupenyu ari kuongororwa saka mune ramangwana rupiro rwomunhu oga rungapiwa.
Dhiabhorosi yaAlfonso iri kutarisa kuti ibatane nedzimwe sangano uye inopa zviyeuchidzo zvemafoni zvakakodzera. Somuenzaniso, kana kushungurudzika kwekushungurudzika kunowanikwa nemusana weruti, MOST inogona kupa rubatsiro pane imwe nguva pakarepo.
Mutevedzeri weVi Virtual Kuderedza Kushungurudzika Kwevadzidzi
Imwe AI utano hwepfungwa mutsva, iyi inotarirwa kune vechidiki, yakagadzirwa neboka rezvemarudzi akawanda reasayendisiti vanobva kuAustralia neChina. Vave vari vashandi vekuedza vachiedza vadzidzisi vese vangave vadzidzisi vevunivhesiti.
Manolya Kavakli, purofesa wekudyidzana kuMacquarie University muSydney, ari kutungamirira chirongwa ichi chinangwa chekubatsira vadzidzi kukudziridza unyanzvi hwekugadzirisa zviri nani, kunyanya mukubatana nekuongororwa kunetseka. Zviongorori zvinowanzonyanya kukumanikidza vechidiki, izvo zvinogona kuva nehutano hwakaipa hunosanganisira kuora mwoyo, kusuruvara nekuzviuraya. Kana uchinzwa kuora mwoyo kwakanyanya, kupa zano panguva yakakodzera kungave kwakakosha kuchengetedza hutano.
Kavakli nevamwe vaaishanda navo vakagadzirira shamwari yepamusoro inogona kuwanikwa nyore nyore kuti ipe rubatsiro. Kubva pamaedzo ekutanga, boka racho rinotenda kuti sangano rekukurukurirana ravakaita raigona kuva rakakosha munguva yekushanda kwenguva yakawanda. Uyu mupi wezano anonyanya kufanana nemudzidzi wepfungwa uye anopa mazano uye rubatsiro nekutambudzika kwekutambudzika.
Pakati padzidzo dzavo dzepayenzi, vatsvakurudzi vaidawo kugadzira nzira yekugadzira mishonga chaiye saka zvakagamuchirwa zviri nani nevashandisi. Vakatora, somuenzaniso, kuti mazwi evarume vemazano evarume vaionekwa sevakatendeka uye vanofadza. Mazwi echikadzi, kune rumwe rutivi, akaongororwa zvakajeka, anonyatsokwanisa uye ane simba. Izvi zvinogona kuva nechinangwa chinonakidza pamusoro peAI nezvehutano hwepfungwa mune ramangwana-kukura vanhu vakasiyana-siyana kuti kuwedzere migumisiro yechirwere pamushandi-wekupedzisira.
> Sources:
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> Miner A, Milstein A, Hancock J. Kutaura kuMakine Pamusoro Pemunhu Maonero Ehutano Hwepfungwa. Jama , 2017; 318 (13): 1217-1218.
> Roehrig C. Kushungurudzika kwepfungwa kunotarisa urongwa hwemamiriro ezvinhu anonyanya kukosha muUnited States: $ 201 Bhiriyoni. Utano , 2016; 35 (6): 1130-1135.
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