Lithium is an element and a drug
Munharaunda yezvokurapa, mushonga wezvinodhaka unobata nzvimbo inokosha. Lithium ndeimwe yemishonga mashoma inonzi chemicals element (inyanzvi inoshandiswa se salt lithium carbonate iyo inokurumidza kusiyanisa kuva iiconium muviri); asi, mamwe mimwe mishonga inonzi organic (carbon-based) makemikoro ane maitiro akaoma.
Nyaya yemakemikari inowanika pane tafura ye periodic, yaunogona kuyeuka kubva kuchikoro chesekondari kana kojiji. Zvinofadza kuti lithiamu inowanikwa mumigodhi muAustralia, Chile uye dzimwe nzvimbo shomanana.
Zvimwe zvikamu zvakashandiswa pakurapa zvirwere zvinosanganisira oksijeni, potasium (salts) uye sodium (sariti). Zvisinei, izvi zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa: Oxygen inoshandiswa kubatsira nekufema, uye potassium uye sodium inoshandiswa kugadzirisa zvakare homeostasis kana kuti kuenzanisa mushure mekugadzirisa zvinodhaka. Lithium, zvisinei, inobatsira vanhu vane chirwere cheBipolar, kuwanikwa kwemazuva mashoma akapfuura makumi emakore adarika.
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder inoshandiswa nekushanduka pakati pe manic, depressive, hypomanic and mixed states. Izvi zvinogona kutanga zvisinganzwisisiki uye zvinogona kuwedzererwa nekudzvinyirira. Kusanzwisisika bipolar disorder kunoparadza upenyu, uye zvichienderana nemamiriro avo ezvinhu, vanhu vane bipolar disorder vanoona zviratidzo zvinotevera:
- kupamba kwemazano;
- manzwiro anotaura anobva pakutsamwisa kusvika kune euphoric;
- kurara kunetseka;
- racing thoughts;
- manic maitiro anosanganisira kushandiswa kwemari, kusagutsikana, nekuita zvepabonde;
- kuora mwoyo maitiro kunze kwekurasikirwa kwechido mumabasa ehupenyu kana kuzviuraya;
- headaches;
- kuchinja mukuda.
Nhoroondo, bipolar disorder yakawanda zvakaoma kupfuura izvo zvandakambotaura pamusoro apa.
Zvisinei, sezvo iwe unogona kunge uchida, bipolar disorder is a roller coaster of emotions, thoughts, and states that require immediate treatment and continuous treatment therapy to avoid future bipolar mood swings.
Uyezve, apo bipolar disorder chirwere chepfungwa, schizophrenia chirwere chepfungwa. Vanhu vazhinji vanovhiringidza urwere uhwu, uye bandy pamusoro peshoko rokuti "bipolar disorder" apo ivo chaizvoizvo schizophrenia. Ne schizophrenia, mazano ekuongorora anowanzouya. Nenzira, schizoaffective disorder ine mafungiro uye pfungwa dzepfungwa.
Pane imwe nhoroondo yakabatana, vanachiremba vanorega kupa mumwe munhu ane bipolar disorder an antidepressant, nokuti kuita kudaro kunogona kukandira munhu mune manic kana hypomanic.
Nhoroondo yeLithium
Mumakore ekuma1800, lithiamu yakatanga kushandiswa kurapa gout. Pakazosvika ma1940, vanachiremba vakanga vachishandisa lithiamu kugadzirisa kuwedzera kwehutano, asi munguva pfupi yakaratidza kuti yakanyanya kutyisa kushandisa iyi. Muna 1949, John Cade akawana kuti lithium yakabatsira kubata bipolar disorder. Basa reCade rakafuridzira rutivi rwemakiriniki ekuedzwa izvo zvakaratidza kuti lithium's efficacy se monotherapy painobata manic phase ye bipolar disorder.
Kubva kuma1991, lithiamu yaionekwa semishonga-ye-sarudzo pakubata bipolar disorder.
Kunyanya, lithiamu inoratidza kuti inobatsira zvinoshamisa pakurapa chirongwa chemanic bipolar disorder ne80 muzana yevasati vagara muchipatara vachitora mishonga inokanganwa. Uyezve, makumi matanhatu kubva muzana yevanhu vane chirwere cheBipolar avo vakatora lithium sechirwere chekuchengetedza zvakaramba zvakanaka. (Kubudirira kwenhamba ye lithiamu semishonga yekuchengetedza kune avo vane chirwere chakakomba bipolar chiri pasi.)
Kushandiswa Kwemazuva Ano
Iye zvino, nekutanga kwemaitiro matsva-stablizing uye antipsychotic, zvakadai sev valproate, olanzapine, uye risperidone, lithium haisi yekutanga kurapa mune vanhu vazhinji vane bipolar disorder.
Iyi mishonga mitsva inokurumidza kukurumidza uye ine zvishoma zvinokanganisa zvinopfuura lithiamu. Kunyange zvakadaro, vazhinji vezvechirwere chepfungwa vanoramba vachiwana zvose zvinobatsira zve lithiamu, uye ichi chinodhaka chinoshandiswa pamwe chete nemimwe mishonga yekurapa maitiro akaoma e bipolar disorder. Zvinofadza kuti lithiamu yakaratidzawo kuti inobatsira pakubata schizoaffective disorder uye kuora mwoyo kukuru.
Lithium's mechanism of action is not fully understood. Nzira yakakosha yehutano pamusoro pekuti mashandiro anobata sei anosanganisira phosphoinositol kuwedzera muuropi. Nokushambadza ne phosphoinositol mutengo, lithium inotanga kukonzera kwemaitiro emushonga anoshandura mazwi ekugadzira uye mapuroteni ekugadzira izvo zvinowedzera kusimbisa mafungiro. Chimwe chikonzero pamusoro pechirongwa chekuita kwe lithiamu chinosanganisira kushandiswa kwezvinyorwa zve lithiamu kune zvinyorwa zve sodium saka kuderedza chiito chekuita zviitiko muhutano nzvimbo dzine basa rekugadzirisa mafungiro.
Mifungo Yokupedzisira
Pamusoro pekupedzisira, kana iwe kana mumwe munhu waunoda ari kutora lithiamu sekuchengetedza kana prophylactic kwenguva yakareba kurapwa, ndapota ziva kuti ropa rako romuviri wezvinodhaka rinofanira kunyatsoongororwa nachiremba wako. Lithium ine zvinetso zvakakomba zvakakomba kusanganisira kuora mwoyo, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, arrhythmia uye yakaderera utachiona basa. Kana uri kutarisana nemararamiro chero ipi zvayo anokurudzira mamiriro aya akaipa paunenge uri pamusoro pe lithiamu, enda muimba yepamhanho kana kuti pakarepo ona chiremba wako.
Sarudzo Sources
DeBattista C. Antipsychotic Agents & Lithium. Mu: Katzung BG, Trevor AJ. eds. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 13e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015. Yakagadzirirwa musi waAugust 27, 2015.
Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ. Bipolar Disorder. Mu: Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ. eds. Kurapa Nokukurumidza Kurapi neKurapwa 2015 . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015. Yakagadzirirwa musi waAugust 27, 2015.
Radiolab. (2015, December 24). Elements [Sound kurekodi]. http://www.radiolab.org/story/elements/