Maitiro Aunoita Zvisarudzo Zvinosimbiswa Nechimwe Chekutanga Unonzwa
Apo vanhu vari kuedza kuita sarudzo , vanowanzoshandisa anchor kana kuti pfungwa yakatarisa sekutaura kana kutanga. Nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa dzakaona kuti vanhu vane tsika yekuvimba zvakanyanya pamusoro pechinhu chokutanga chezivo chavanodzidza, icho chinogona kuva nemigumisiro yakakomba pane chisarudzo chavanopedza kuita. Mukufunga kwepfungwa, rudzi urwu rwekufungidzira hunozivikanwa seanchoring bias kana anchoring effect.
"Vanhu vanofungidzira kuburikidza nehuwandu hwekutanga hunogadziriswa kupa mhinduro yekupedzisira," akatsanangura Amosi Tversky naDaniel Kahneman mubhuku ra194. "Kukosha kwekutanga, kana kutanga, kunogona kuratidzirwa nekugadzirisa dambudziko racho, kana kunogona kuva chigumisiro chechiverengero chechikamu.Zvino zviitiko zvose, kuchinja kunowanzoshaikwa. vari kufarira kuhutano hwekutanga. "
Tversky naKahneman vakawana kuti kunyange nhamba dzisingatauriki dzingatungamirira vatori vechikamu kuita zvisarudzo zvisina kururama. Mune muenzaniso mumwe, vatori vechikamu vakatora gumbo kuti vasarudze nhamba iripo pakati pe 0 ne100. Vazvipiri vakabva vabvunzwa kugadzirisa nhamba iyo zvichidzika kana pasi kuti varatidze kuti vangani nyika dzeAfrica dziri muUV Avo vakatsvaga nhamba yakakwirira vakapa zviyero zvakakwirira apo izvo uyo akawana nhamba yakaderera akapa zviyero zvishoma. Muchiitiko chega chega, vatori vechikamu vakanga vachishandisa nhamba yekutanga iyo seanotsiro yavo yekusimbisa chisarudzo chavo.
Nzira dzeAnchoring Dzinogona Kukurudzira Kwakawanda Iwe Unoda Kubhadhara
Saka, somuenzaniso, fungidzira kuti uri kutenga motokari itsva. Iwe unoverenga paIndaneti kuti muvhareji wemutengo wemotokari yaunofarira ndeye $ 27,000 madhora. Paunenge uchitenga pamotokari yemunharaunda yako, mutengesi anokupa motokari imwe chete ye $ 26 500, iyo iwe unokurumidza kugamuchira-mushure mezvose, iri $ 500 pasi pezvawaitarisira kubhadhara.
Kunze kwekuti, mutengesi wemotokari kune rimwe guta ari kupa chaiyo imwe chete ye $ 24,000, $ 2,500 yakazara kudarika zvawakabhadhara uye $ 3,000 pasi peyero yekutengo iwe wawanika paIndaneti.
Mushure mekunge, iwe unogona kuzvizvidza nokuda kwekuita sarudzo yakadaro uye kwete kutengesa kunotengesa zviri nani. Saka sei wakasvetuka zvakakurumidza pane izvozvi zvokutanga? Nzira yekubatanidza inoratidza kuti tinofarira zvishoma zvemashoko atinodzidza. Kubvira pakutsvakurudza kwako kwekutanga kwakaratidza kuti $ 27,000 ndiyo yaivereji mutengo, wokutanga wawakasangana newe wakaita sewakawanda. Iwe wakakanganwa mamwe mashoko, akadai sokuti vamwe vatengesi vangave nemitengo yakaderera, uye vakaita chisarudzo pamusoro pezvawakanga watova nazvo, izvo zvakashanda senzvimbo yekusimudzira mupfungwa dzako.
Inogona Kukurudzira Kukurukurirana Kwemari Yako
Fungidzira iwe uri kuedza kutaurirana kubhadhara kusimudza pamwe nemushandi wako. Iwe unogona kunonoka kuita chipo chekutanga, asi kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti kuva iwe wokutanga kuisa makadhi ako pasi patafura kungave ndiyo ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekuenda nayo. Munhu wose anoita izvozvi kutanga anove necheperi kubva pakugadziriswa kwechikwata kuchaita kuti nhamba iyoyo ive yekutanga kwekukurukurirana kwose. Kwete izvozvo bedzi, zvichange zvichishamisa iyo kukurukurirana iwe.
Chikumbiro ichocho chokutanga chinobatsira kusimbisa mararamiro evanhu vanobvumirana, uye chero ipi zvayo yeropa inoshandisa iyo iyo nhamba yekutanga sechinhu chinotsigira. Chimwe chidzidzo chakatowana kuti kutanga nechikumbiro chepamusoro chekubhadhara mari kwakaguma nekukwira kwepamusoro kwekubhadhara mubhadharo.
Inobatsira zvikuru Kupfuura Mari
Nzira yekubatanidza inobatsira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzehupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva kupfuura mari uye kutenga zvisarudzo. Semuyenzaniso:
- Vana vako vanofanira kuva nemakore mangani musati mavarega vachiita zvepamberi? Mwana wako anotaura kuti vezera rake vari kufambidzana ne14, asi iwe wakamutswa kuti utende kuti 16 ndiyo inenge yakanyanya kufambidzana. Nzira yekubatisa inokutungamirira iwe kuti utende kuti 16 ndiyo makore ekutanga mwana anofanira kubvumidzwa kuti ave nomusi.
- Iwe unotarisira kurarama kwenguva yakareba sei? Kana vabereki vako vari vaviri vaigara kwenguva refu, iwe unogona kungotarisira kuti iwe uchararama zvakare hupenyu hurefu. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi chinotsigira, iwe ungasazvidza chokwadi chokuti vabereki vako vakararama hupenyu hwakanaka, hune hunoita hune hutano hungave hwakaita kuti vave noupenyu hurefu kana iwe uchidya zvisina kunaka uye uri kunyanya kugara.
- Inguva yakareba sei terevhizheni inofanira kuitwa nevana vako zuva rega rega? Kana ukatarisa TV yakawanda semwana, zvingaratidzika zvakagamuchirwa kuti vana vako vabatanidzwe terevhizheni kwemaawa kwezuva.
- Ndeipi chirwere chinokonzera kurwadziwa kusingaperi kwemurwere? Izvozvo zvinogona kuita kuti chiremba ave nekwanisi yekunyatsoongorora chirwere kubva apo maonero avo ekutanga zviratidzo zvevarwere zvingaita nheyo yekusimudzira iyo inobata zvose zvese zvinotevera.
Sezvaunogona kuona, kubatanidza kushanda semasimba ane simba pane zvatinosarudza , kubva pazvisarudzo pamusoro pezvinhu zvatinotenga kuzvisarudzo zvezuva nezuva maererano nekurarama hupenyu hwedu. Nokudaro nguva inotevera iwe uchiedza kuita chisarudzo chinokosha , fungisisa zvishoma nezvingaita zvinokonzerwa nehutano hwekunamatira pane zvaunosarudza. Uri kutarisa zvakaringana kune zvose zvinowanika ruzivo uye zvose zvingasarudzwa here, kana uri kutsigira chisarudzo chako pane imwe nheyo iripo yehange?
> Sources:
> Thorsteinson, TJ (2011). Kutanga Hurukuro Mharidzo Nekukumbira Kwakanyanyisa: Maitiro Anchoring Pakutanga MaPirogiramu Emisha. Nhamba yeApplied Social Psychology, 41 (7), 1774-1792. DOI: 10.1111 / j.1559-1816.2011.00779.x.
> Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Kutongwa pasi pekusava nechokwadi: Heuristics uye Biases Science, 185 (4157), 1124-1131. DOI: 10.1126 / sayenzi.185.4157.1124