Ndezvipi zvinokonzerwa nemagariro nemagariro ekugadzirisa huchenjeri? Mubvunzo uyu wakanga uri mumwe wemashoko anokakavadzana munhoroondo yese yepfungwa uye inoramba iri nyaya inopisa yepikisano kusvikira nhasi.
Mukuwedzera pakusabvumirana pamusoro pehutano hwehuchenjeri, vanachipangamazano vepfungwa vakashandisa nguva yakawanda uye simba vachikakavadzana zvakasiyana-siyana kune humwe huchenjeri.
Iyo nharo inotarisa pane imwe yemibvunzo mikuru mune zvepfungwa: Ndeipi inonyanya kukosha - zvisikwa kana kuchengetedza ?
Genetics uye Intelligence: Ndeipi Inotamba Basa Guru Pakutsvaga Uchenjeri?
Nhasi, vanofunga nezvepfungwa vanoziva kuti zvose genetics uye zvakatipoteredza zvinobatsira pakugadzirisa huchenjeri.
Ikozvino inova nyaya yekugadzirisa kunyatsobatanidzwa kwechinhu chimwe nechimwe chazvo. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti pakati pe40 ne80 muzana yekusiyana kweIQ kunosanganiswa ne genetics, zvichiratidza kuti genetics inogona kuita basa rakakura kudarika zvakatipoteredza mukutarisa mumwe weIQ.
Chimwe chinhu chinokosha chokucherechedza pamusoro peiyo genetics yekunzwisisa ndechekuti haisi kutungamirirwa ne "imwe nyanzvi gene". Pane kudaro, ndeye mugumisiro wekubatana kwakakomba pakati pemagenjini akawanda.
Zvadaro, zvakakosha kuziva kuti genetics uye zvakatipoteredza zvinopindirana kuti zvione kunyatsobatanidzwa kwemajeni.
Somuenzaniso, kana munhu ane vabereki vakakura, zvichida munhu wacho achakurawo kuva akareba. Zvisinei, kunyatsosvika kumunhu wacho kunosvika kunogona kukanganiswa nezvakatipoteredza zvinhu zvakadai sekudya zvinovaka muviri uye zvirwere.
Mwana anogona kuberekwa ane maitiro ehupenya, asi kana mwana iyeye achikura mumamiriro ekudzivirira apo asina kudya uye asingakwanisi kuwana mikana yezvidzidzo, haagoni kuisa zvakanaka pamatanho eIQ.
Uchapupu hweZvikuvadza
- Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti zvakafanana mapatya eIQ anowedzera kufanana neaya emapatya ehama (Plomin & Spinath, 2004).
- Vanun'una vese vakakurira pamwe chete mumusha mumwechete vane IQ's yakafanana zvikuru kune yevana vakagamuchirwa vakasimudzirwa pamwechete munzvimbo yakadaro (McGue & others, 1993).
Mukuwedzera kune zvakagarwa nhaka, zvimwe zvinhu zvakasikwa zvakadai semakore ekuzvarwa, kusununguka kwepabonde kune zvinhu zvinokuvadza uye kusagadzikana kwekuberekwa kwepabonde kunogona kukanganisawo huchenjeri.
Uchapupu hweZvikuvadza kwezvakatipoteredza
- Mamwe mapatya akaparadzana ane IQ ayo asina kufanana nemapatya akafanana akakurira munzvimbo imwechete (McGue & others, 1993).
- Kuenda kuchikoro kunobatsira kuIQ scores (Ceci, 2001).
- Vana vanoyamwisa panguva yemwedzi mitatu kusvika kumashanu yeupenyu huwandu huri pamusoro peIQ miedzo pazera remakore matanhatu kupfuura vana vemazera akafanana vasina kunyatsochera (Kramer & others, 2008).
Saka ndeapi mamwe emagariro ezvakatipoteredza anogona kukonzera kusiyana kwekuchenjera? Zvinhu zvakadai semhuri, dzidzo, dzakagadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu evanhu, uye mapoka evezera ravo ose akabatanidzwa kune kusiyana kweIQ. Semuenzaniso, zvidzidzo zvakawana kuti vana vekutanga vanoberekwa vanowanzove neIQ dzakakwirira kupfuura vakaberekwa-vakaberekerwa vakoma.
Sei? Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinofunga kuti izvi ndezvokuti vana vekutanga vanogamuchira zvakanyanya kuvabereki. Kutsvakurudza kunoratidzawo kuti vabereki vanotarisira vana vakwegura kuti vaite zviri nani pamabasa akasiyana-siyana, asi vakaberekwa vakaberekwa mushure mokunge vasangana nemabasa maduku-anotarisirwa.
Sources:
Ceci, S. (2001). Intelligence: Chokwadi Chinoshamisa. Psychology Nhasi, 34 (4 ), 46.
Kramer, MS, Ne, F., Mironeva, E., Vanilovich, I., Platt, RW, Matush, L., ... Shapiro, S. (2008). Archives of General Psychiatry, 65 (5), 578-584. doi: 10.1001 / archpsyc.65.5.578.
McGrue, M., Bouchard, TJ, Iacono, WG, & Lykken, DT (1993). Maitiro ekuberekwa kweGenetics ekuziva kwepfungwa: A Life-Span Pfungwa. Muna R. Plomin & GE McClearn (Ed.), Zvisikwa, Kuchengetedzwa, uye Psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Plomin, R., & Spinath, FM (2004). Intelligence: Genetics, Genesisi, uye Genomics. Zvinyorwa zveMunhu uye Social Psychology, 86 (1) , 112-129.