Mutemo uye Chiremba Anonetseka Pamusoro peApioid Abuse uye Overdose
Kune mishonga yakawanda yemishonga inowanikwa yekudzivirira marwadzo kubva kune akaremara, asingashandisi zvinodhaka zvakadai saTylenol (acetaminophen) kana kuti NSAIDs kuti zvigone kuisa zvinodhaka zvakadai seopioids. Mienzaniso inowanzodiwa yemishonga inorayirirwa inosanganisira Oxycontin (oxycodone), Vicodin (hydrocodone), morphine, uye methadone.
Mishonga yokurwadziwa kwakaipa inowanzowanika pane-in-counter kune ani zvake anoda kuitenga, uye inogona kutora marwadzo maduku akadai semusoro kana kuputika kwemisungo.
Asi mishonga yakasimba, iyo inodzora kukwirira kwakanyanya kwekutambudzika kusanganisira kurwadziwa kusingaperi, kunogonawo kukurudzira kuvimba kana kukanganisa. Iyi mishonga inotungamirirwa nehurumende, inotitaurira kana iripo yekutenga, kana tichikwanisa kuitenga, kuti tingaitenga sei, uye kubudisa migumisiro kana tikawana kana kuishandisa kunze kwemutemo.
Chii Chinonzi Chirongwa Chezvinhu Zvakatongwa?
Muna 1970, United States Congress yakapfuura Mutemo Wemasimba Ekutongwa. Chiito ichi chinotsanangura kuti mishonga nemishonga zvichagadziriswa sei uye inoisa zvinhu izvo zvinodzorwa muzvikamu zvinonzi zvirongwa, zvichienderana nemafungiro avo ekubatwa zvisina kunaka. Dhipatimendi reDrug Enforcement inotarisira kusimudzira mitemo uye inosiyanisawo mishonga ipi ine chirongwa chekurapa uye icho chisingaiti.
Mumwe nomumwe anongedzera mitemo uye zvikwereti munzvimbo (mitemo inoramba ichishanduka) uye mumakore achangobva kudarika mitemo yakawanda yezvematongerwo enyika.
Semuenzaniso, cannabis, zvichida zviri nani kuzivikanwa segoroju, ichiri kutorwa semutemo usingabvumirwe nemutemo nemutemo wehurumende asi inowanikwa zviri mumatunhu akawanda muUnited States.
Heino urongwa hwemapurogiramu mashanu akabatanidzwa muMutemo weChirongwa Chezvinhu, pamwe chete nemimwe mishonga inowanikwa mune imwe purogiramu:
- Purogiramu I: Izvi ndizvo zvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa nyore nyore asi hazvina kuzivikanwa, zvakatsvakurudzwa, zvekurapa. Dzinosanganisira heroin, LSD, mbanje, uye kufara. Maererano nemutemo wehurumende, mishonga iyi haigone kurongerwa chero chikonzero. Kunyange zvazvo mitemo yehurumende inogona kuita kuti kushandiswa kwavo kusabvumirwe pamutemo, mumakore achangopfuura mamwe mahurumende akaongorora, uye akapfurikidza mitemo ine chokuita marijuana (cannabis), zvikurukuru pamishonga yemishonga asiwo kumusarura. Vanhu vazhinji vanotenda kuti mbanje inobvisa marwadzo avo.
- Purogiramu II: Mishonga iyi inewo simba rakanyanya rekushandisa zvisina kunaka, uye rinowanzoshandiswa pakurwadziwa. Kushandisa kwavo kunogona kutungamirira kune kuvimba, zvose mumuviri uye mupfungwa. Dzinosanganisira morphine, opium uye opioid, methadone, oxycodone, uye fentanyl.
- Purogiramu yechitatu: Zvishoma zvakakosha kutungamirira kune kuvimba kupfuura Purogiramu II zvinhu ndezviyo zvinodhaka zvinogona kutungamirira kukudzivirira kwepfungwa dzepamusoro, asi mazinga akaderera ekuzvimiririra chaiwo mumuviri. Yakabatanidzwa muChechi III ndiyo yakawanda yemishonga inobatsira yekurapa yakadai seyo inosanganisira hydrocodone kana codeine (Vicodin, Tylenol neCodeine).
- Purogiramu IV: Purogiramu yeVhidhiyo IV ine mikana yakaderera yokushandiswa zvisina kufanana kana ichienzaniswa neHurumende III uye ingasanganisira Xanax, Valium, uye Restoril.
- Purogiramu V: Zvinodhaka izvi zvinogona kunge zvine zviduku zvinodhaka, uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinoratidza dambudziko rakanyanya kuderedzwa. Mishonga yakawanda yekukanganiswa uye antidiarrheals yakanyorwa muChechi V V yakadai seRobitussin uye Phenergan neCodeine.
Hesitancy yeDhodemasi kuPaisa Kudzora Mishonga
The Institute of Medicine inoshuma kuti mamiriyoni zana evaAmerica vanotambura nehupenyu husingaperi, zvichida kurwadzisa kunokonzera. Ivo vanofungidzirawo kuti kurasikirwa kwehupfumi pakati pevashandi vane kurwadziwa kusingaperi kunokwana madhora mabhiriyoni 61 pagore. Kunetseka kwakananga uye kutonga kwaro kunobatsira zvikuru kune vanhu, uye pamusoro pehupfumi, zvakare.
Vanachiremba vangaziva varwere vavo vari mukurwadziwa, asi nekuda kwenzira iyo mitemo yakanyorwa, ivo vanozeza, zvichida kunyange vanotya, yekutsanangura mamwe mishonga (kunyanya opioid). Kuteerera komutemo kunogona kureva kuti chiremba anosungwa, akabhadhara mari, anogona kurasikirwa neisensi yake, kana kuti zvitatu.
Mukuwedzera uye zvinowanzoitika, vanachiremba vakawanda vane hanya nekwanisi yeopioid kushandiswa kwechirwere, kuzvidzora kwepanyama (apo munhu anoita zviratidzo zvekuregererwa apo mishonga inomira) kana kunyange opioid kudarika uye kufa kubva mune mishonga inonzi opioids. Izvi zvinoshushikana nepamutemo, tichifunga kuti vanenge vanenge mamiriyoni 2 muUnited States vakashandiswa zvisina kunaka kana vakatsigirwa nemishonga inorayirirwa muna 2014, maererano neCenters for Disease Control and Prevention.
Kunewo vanhu, vanozivikanwa sevanodhaka-zvinodhaka, vanoratidzira mumahofisi echiremba uye zvipatara vachiita sevanoda kurapwa kwechirongwa cheipioids. Yakasara kune vashandi vezvokurapa kuti vaone kuti varwere vechokwadi vanove vane chiremba chekurapa nevaya vasingaiti . Izvi zvinogona kuva zvinonyangadza, uye vamwe vanachiremba vane ruzivo rwepamusoro pane vamwe mukugadza kuti ndiani anotsvaga zvinodhaka.
Nzira Dzokurwadziwa Kwemishonga Inodhaka Inobatsira Sei Chiremba wako
Kana chiremba wako achibatwa achitsanangura zvinhu zvinodzorwa kune varwere vasiri varwere vasingaperi, uye kukanganisa uku kunopisa, zvino iye kana akatengesa kusungwa, kuripa uye zvichida kurasikirwa neaisense yake. Zvikwereti zvinowirirana nemitemo yehurumende, asi kwete vhiki inofamba nekuti hakuna mumwe chiremba wezvokurapa akasungwa pane imwe nzvimbo muUnited States nokuda kwezvakaipa zvinorondedzera maitiro, nekuda kwekufa kwechiremba uyo akapfuurira, kana kuti kunyengedzwa kwekodzero.
Kana chiremba wako achibatwa achinyora zvinhu zvakawanda zvekutonga kwauri, zvinomuisa munzvimbo iyoyo. Kana iwe ukadarika, iye anogona kukwaniswa mukufa kwako.
Kana iwe uchida zvinorwadza zvinodhaka nekuti mishonga yako yapera, kana kuti nokuti wakashandisa mushonga wako wakakurumidza kukurumidza, ipapo chiremba wako anotarisana nesarudzo: nyora iwe kuti udzikinure marwadzo ako kwechinguva, kana kuti uchengete basa rake. Zvinoshamisika here kuti mitemo yepainkilling zvinodhaka iri kuoma zvikuru kuuya nayo? Kana kuti chiremba wako anenge asingadi kukupa iwe.
Dambudziko remishonga yemishonga yekukurudzira varwere kuchengeteka
Somugumisiro, pane zvido zvepamutemo zvepamutemo uye maitirwo emhando dzemapepa mapepa, zvibvumirano uye kuchengetedza zvinyorwa, kubatsira varwere vanoda painkilling zvinodhaka kuti vawane, uye kudzivirira avo vasingadi kuti varege kuvawana.
Semuenzaniso, muna 2016, Centers for Disease Control uye Kudzivirira yakaumba mazano kune vanachiremba vanonyanya kutarisira kuraira maopioid kuvanhu vakuru vane marwadzo asingagumi-avo vanorwadziwa kwenguva yakareba kudarika mwedzi mitatu isingaiti nekuda kwekenza kana kuguma-kwehupenyu. Chinangwa chechirevo ichi ndechekuita kuti chirwere chekuchengeteka chive chekuchengetedza uye mishonga inobatsirwe nekuderedza zvingaita zvekushandisa maopioid kana kudarika.
Pasi Pasi
Kunyange zvazvo chirongwa chinonzi opioids chinogona kuderedza marwadzo ako munguva pfupi, inotakura zvinhu zvinogona kuisa njodzi, kusanganisira kushivirira kana kuvimba. Kana chiremba wako achipa opioids, zvakakosha kuti uongorore njodzi idzi, ivai nenguva inotevera yekutevera, uise zvinangwa zvekurapa, uye funga urombo husingaiti opioid-kurapa kurapwa chero nguva zvichibvira.
Kunobva:
Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control uye Kudzivirira. March 16, 2016. CDC Guideline yekutsanangura maOpioids for Chronic Pain.