Opioid Use Disorder is diagnosis introduced in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , DSM-5. Inobatanidza matambudziko maviri kubva kune yakapedzisira kubudiswa kweDaagnostic uye Statistical Manual, DSM-IV-TR, inozivikanwa seOpioid Dependence uye Opioid Abuse, uye inosanganisira zvakasiyana siyana zvezvinodhaka uye zvinotarisirwa madhii ekirasi yeopioid.
Kunyange zvazvo izwi rechiito, Opioid Use Disorder, rakapiwa muDMM-5, mitemo inoratidza kuti chaiyo mishonga yeopioid inoshandiswa nemunhu inotsanangurwa mukuongororwa. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzakasiyana-siyana dzewapioid, kubva pamishonga yemugwagwa yakadai se heroin , kune opioid inoshandiswa pakutsvaga mishonga yemugwagwa, yakadai semethadone , iyo inogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nefupa rakazara purogiramu yekugadzirisa methadone kana kutengwa kusina mvumo, kumanyorera anoshandiswa kunyanya muzvirongwa zvechipatara, zvakadai se morphine, kune zvinowanzoitwa painkillers zvinowanika pamutemo, zvakadai sekodeine uye oxycontin. Saka Opioid Use Dis Disorder inosanganisira mhando dzakasiyana dzemishonga inowanikwa kuburikidza nemhando dzakasiyana siyana, uye nevanhu vane mararamiro akasiyana-siyana ehupenyu.
Zvichida mutauro unonyanya kuzivikanwa uye unozivikanwa weOpioid Use Disorder ndiyo Heroin Use Disorder, asi pasi pe10% yevanhu vane makore 12-17 muUnited States neOpioid Use Disorder kutenga heroin.
Vanhu vazhinji vane Opioid Use Disorder kushandisa analgesic opioids, kana painkillers kana vakazvigadzirira kune mumwe munhu, kana kuti vakawana imwe nzira.
Zviratidzo zveOpioid Use Disorder
Kuongororwa kweOpioid Use Disorder kunogona kushandiswa kune mumwe munhu anoshandisa mishonga yeopioid uye ane zviratidzo zviviri zvinotevera mukati memwedzi 12:
- Kutora mamwe opioid mishonga kupfuura yakatarwa.
- Kutsvaga kana kuedza kudzora kushandiswa kwemishonga yeopioid pasina kubudirira.
- Kushandisa nguva yakawanda kuwana, kutora, kana kudzorera kubva pamigumisiro yemishonga yeopioid.
- Kuda maopioids.
- Kukundikana kuita mabasa anokosha kumba, kubasa kana kuchikoro nekuda kwekushandisa maopioid.
- Kuenderera mberi kushandisa maopioid, pasinei nekushandiswa kweukama hwechirwere hwehutano kana matambudziko emagariro evanhu.
- Kupa kana kuderedza mamwe mabasa nekuda kwekushandisa maopioid.
- Kushandisa maopioid kunyange kana zvisingakachengeteka mumuviri.
- Kuziva kuti kushandiswa kweopioid kuri kukonzera dambudziko remuviri kana repfungwa, asi kuramba uchiendesa mushonga zvakadaro
- Kushivirira kweopioid.
- Kurasikirwa zviratidzo apo opioid isati yatorwa.
Pane ani zvake ari maopioid ane Opioid Kushandisa Dambudziko?
Aiwa. Vanhu vazhinji vanorayirwa maopioid marwadzo, kwenguva refu uye pfupi, uye havaiti chirwere chekushandisa maopioid. Uye kana iri nguva yakawanda iyo iyo vanhu vachava nekushivirira kwepanyama kunyoresa maopioid, uye vane ruzivo rwekusiya zviratidzo kana vasingatori mishonga, DSM-5 inotaura zvakajeka kuti izvi hazvibatsiri kana munhu wacho ari kuona zviratidzo izvi pasi pekurapa kwakakodzera kutarisa. Sei? Nokuti kushungurudzwa kwepabonde kunonyanya kugadzikana mupfungwa, uye kunyange zvazvo mumwe munhu anogona kukura mhinduro dzechimiro yakakwana pakuwedzerwa kwemishonga kwenguva yakareba, iyo iyo pachayo haisati iri mhirizhonga, kana isina chido chechirwere, kusina dambudziko kushandisa madhiyo akakodzera, uye pasina matambudziko ehupenyu semugumisiro wekutora mishonga (kunyange zvazvo mumwe munhu ari kurwadziwa angave akaita basa shoma semugumisiro wemarwadzo avo, izvo hazvisi zvakafanana nechepakati pebasa nokuti vari kutsvaga mishonga yeopioid.) Ichi ndicho chiito chikuru pakufambira mberi pakunzwisisa kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinodhaka.
Uyewo kushandiswa kwemishonga isina kukodzera yemupioid yakadai se heroin zvinongoreva kuti munhu ane Opioid Use Disorder. Kubva kuma1970, zvave zvichizivikanwa kuti vashoma vevashandisi ve heroin vanogona kudzora kushandisa kwavo kushandisa zvinodhaka , uye vanoshandisa pasina iyo inokonzera kukuvadza ivo kana vamwe. Chii chinokonzera kusiyana kwevashandisi ava heroin kusiyana neavo vane matambudziko makuru? Vanodzora kushandisa kwavo kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka, kushandisa nzira dzakachengeteka dzekutora mishonga, kuderedza kana kumira pakarepo pavanofunga kuti vane mwoyo murefu vanobudirira, uye vanowanzochengetedza kushandisa kwavo kushandisa zvinodhaka kubva paupenyu hwavo hwemagariro, kufambidzana zvikuru nevasiri vashandisi vezvinodhaka, panzvimbo pevamwe heroin vashandisi.
Kunyange zvazvo vashandisi vakawanda vanoshungurudza vane heroin vanoti kushandiswa kwavo hakusi kunetseka, kazhinji heroin inoshandisa zvinokonzera zvinetso uye zvinogara kwenguva refu kuvashandisi kupfuura kushandiswa kwemamwe madhiragi. Nhamba chaiyo yevashandisi vane chinetso uye isina nharo inonzi heroin haisati yazivikanwa, uye nekuda kwekuvanzika kwakapoteredza heroin kushandiswa, saka zvakaoma kuenzanisa vanoshandisa zvinetso uye vasina nhamo. Zvinoratidza kuti avo vanokura muHerinini kushandura Matambudziko vane matambudziko makuru epfungwa kunyange vasati vatanga kushandisa mushonga. Kusiyana neizvi, avo vanogona kudzora nekugadzirisa kushandiswa kwavo vanowanzove vane hutano hwehutano hwakanaka uye hwemagariro evanhu vasati vashandise. Izvo zvinogona kuva zvechokwadi kune avo vanoita kana kuti havazopindwa muropa nemishonga inorwadza, asi zvimwe zvakanyanya kuongororwa zvinodiwa kuti tinyatsonzwisisire kuti nei vamwe vanhu vachiita zvepabonde pavanotora opioid, asi vamwe vasingaiti.
Kuongorora
Kune zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvekuongorora zvinowanikwa izvo zvakagadzirwa neyanyanzvi mukurwisa, uye zvakabudiswa kuitira kuti vamwe vashandise. Zvishandiso izvi zvinoshandiswa zvinogona kushandiswa kutarisa kana mumwe munhu angave achida kuongororwa nezvekushandisa kweapioid disorder. Rimwe rinowanzoshandiswa, shanduro iri nyore inoshandiswa kuratidza kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa mubvunzo weCAGE, iyo iri nyore kuyeuka uchishandisa chimiro cheCAGE seyi tsamba huru mumibvunzo ina yekuzarura. Kana mumwe akapindura hongu kune chero ipi zvayo mibvunzo iyi, vanozobatsirwa nekuongorora kwakakwana.
C - inomiririra "kuderedza" - "Wakamboedza kuderedza kunwa kwako kana kushandisa zvinodhaka, asi haugone?"
A-inomira "yakatsamwiswa" - "Mhuri neshamwari dzakagumbuka pamusoro pekunwa kwako kana kushandisa zvinodhaka here?"
G-anomiririra "ane mhosva" - "Unombonzwa uine mhosva pamusoro pekunwa kwako kana kushandisa zvinodhaka here?"
E-inomiririra "kuvhara kweziso" - "Unonwa here kana kushandisa madhiragi se" meso-opener "mangwanani?
Chimwe chinhu chakaoma chekuongorora zviyero ndiro Opioid Risk Tool, iyo inotarisa zvinhu zvinoisa vanhu pangozi yakawanda yekuva nedambudziko rekushandisa zvinodhaka. Izvi zvinosanganisira mhuri yekare uye nhoroondo yehupenyu yekushandisa zvinhu, nhoroondo yekushungurudzwa kwepabonde kwevana, makore, uye nhoroondo yepanguva yakapfuura kana ino yemaonero epfungwa, kusanganisira kuora mwoyo uye schizophrenia.
Sources
American Psychiatric Association. Kuongorora uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders , yechishanu edition, DSM-5 TM . American Psychiatric Association. 2013.
Hser, Y., Evans, E., Huang, D., Brecht, M. uye Li, L. "Kuenzanisa nzira yakasimba ye heroin, cocaine, uye methamphetamine vanoshandisa makore anodarika gumi." Mupengo Behav 33: 1581-1598. 2008.
Powell, D. "Chidzidzo chevatyairi vevashandisi venguva dzose heroin." Arch Gen Psychiatry 28 (4), peji 586-94. 1973.
Sanchez, J., Chitwood, D. naKoo, D. "Zviitiko Zvengozi Zvinosanganiswa neKushanduka kubva kuHerinini Kunyorera kuHerin Inject: A Street Addict Role Perspective." Zvinyorwa zveUrban Health 83: 896-910. 2006.