Iko kune maitiro matatu ekucherechedza kusakwana kwehutano hwehutano (ADHD). Izvi ndezvi:
- DHD yakawanda isingatauri inozivikanwa nezvinetso zvinotarisa kutarisa.
- Yakanyanya kushaya simba-inokanganisa ADHD inoratidzirwa nekusava nehanya uye kushaya tsika.
- Chikwata chakabatanidzwa ADHD ndechokuti zvose kutadza uye kusagadzikana-kusagadzikana kuripo.
Aya maitiro akasiyana eAdHD akashandiswa kunzi ADHD subtypes.
Zvadaro, apo shanduro yechishanu yeDaagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders (DSM-5) yakabudiswa muna 2013, izwi rokuti "subtype" rakashandurwa kuva "kuratidzwa." Semuenzaniso, munhu anogona kuonekwa kuti ane hanya nehuwandu hwehutano hwehutano, hunosanganiswa mharidzo.
Kunyange zvazvo nguva yepamutemo ikozvino yataurwa, vanhu vazhinji vachiri kushandisa mazwi "subtypes" uye "marudzi." Dzimwe nguva, kusanganiswa ADHD kunogona kutumidzwa seAdHD C.
Kuziva
Mhando dzose dze ADHD dzinowanikwa mune imwecheteyo. Tsanangudzo yakajeka inoitwa nenyanzvi yezvehutano ane ruzivo. Ichi chiremba anounganidza mashoko kubva kumarudzi akasiyana-siyana anosanganisira kubvunzurudzwa newe (kana mwana wako), nhoroondo yako yezvechiremba, nhoroondo yezvokurapa yemhuri, uye zvakaitika kwauri kuchikoro. Iko kuongorora kunogonawo kusanganisira kuongororwa kwepfungwa, kuongororwa kwepfungwa, kucherechedza uye kuongororwa kuongororwa, pamwe nekubvunzurudzwa nemumwe wako.
Kana ari mwana ari kuongororwa, mubereki wemwana angangobvunzurudzwa.
Pakupera kwekuongorora, chiremba achaona kana zviyero zveDHD zvakataurwa muDMM-5 zvakasangana. Kana iine, ipapo kuongororwa kweAdHD kunogona kuitwa. Iwe kana mwana wako uchazoonekwa nehurukuro yeDHD.
Izvi zvingave zvisingatauriki, zvisina kumira-zvinokanganisa, kana kusanganiswa ADHD.
Iyo DSM inoratidzira zviratidzo zvitanhatu zveHADH isingatauri, uye mapfumbamwe nekuda kwehuwandu-kusagadzirisa mharidzo. Kuti uongororwe pamwe neAdHD yakabatanidzwa:
- Mwana anofanira kuve nezviratidzo zvitanhatu kana kupfuura kubva kune mamwe mazita.
- Munhu ane makore gumi nemashanu kana kupfuura anoda kuva nezviratidzo zvishanu kana kupfuura kubva kune mamwe mazita.
- Zviratidzo zvinofanira kunge zvave zviripo kwemwedzi mitanhatu kana kupfuura.
- Zviratidzo zvinoda kuvapo vasati vava nemakore gumi nemaviri (kunyange zvisati zvichinyatsoongororwa).
- Zviratidzo zvinofanira kuonekwa mune zvinopfuura imwechete, sechikoro uye kumba.
- Zviratidzo zvinoda kuchinja kukwanisa kwomunhu kuita kune zvaanogona.
- Zviratidzo hazvikwanisi kukonzerwa nechimwe chiitiko.
Kutevera ndeye shanduko yakashandurwa yezviratidzo gumi nemasere zvakanyorwa muDMM.
Inattentive Symptoms
- Kazhinji vanoita zvikanganiso zvinoratidzika sezvisingabatsiri, kuchikoro kana kubasa. Izvi zvikanganiso zvinoitika nekuda kwezvinetso kunyatsoteerera.
- Une dambudziko rekucherechedza pachikoro, basa, kuverenga kana kunakidza mabasa.
- Hazvionekwi kuteerera panguva dzekukurukurirana, kunyange imwe pane imwe. Zvinoratidzirwa mukati, zvakagadziriswa, somuenzaniso kufunga pamusoro pezvimwe zvinhu.
- Kutevera kuburikidza nemirayiridzo kwakaoma. Kupedzisa basa kana basa rechikoro kubva pakutanga kusvika pakupedzisira hazvina kuitika nekuda kwekutengesa kana kurasikirwa pfungwa.
- Mabasa akadzivirirwa anosanganisira kushanda kwepfungwa kwenguva yakareba segasa rechikoro, mapurojekiti emabasa, kana mafomu.
- Kazhinji anorasikirwa nezvinhu, somuenzaniso, mabhuku, chikwama, zvigoni, magirazi, uye foni.
- Inogona kushandiswa nyore nyore nezviitiko zvekunze.
- Ari kukanganwa paanoita mabasa ezuva nezuva akaita semabasa epamba.
Hyperactive-Impulsive Symptoms
- Kurarama mumuviri kuchiri kuoma. Ichafamba tsoka uye maoko, uye ichitsvaira.
- Kuramba wakagara kwakaoma. Anowanzosimuka ndokufamba-famba, kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kugara pasi kunotarisirwa nevanhu, sekirasi kana nzvimbo yekushanda.
- Achamhanya kana kukwira panguva dzisina kukodzera. Vechidiki nevakuru vanogona kutarisa mumuviri asi vachiziva kusazorora mukati.
- Anowanzobatana mune zvekuita zvinhu kana kuti kutamba zvinhu zvinyararire.
- Iine simba rakawanda uye rinowanzotsanangurwa se "nguva dzose painoenda" kana "kutungamirirwa nemotokari."
- Anotaura nguva dzose uye angazivikanwa se "chatterbox". Izvi zvinogona kuguma nezvinetso kuchikoro uye kushanda.
- Achapindura mibvunzo vasati vanyatsobvunzwa. Kupindira vamwe apo vari kutaura.
- Kumirira kutende kwakaoma, pasinei nokutamba, mumutsara kana panguva yekukurukurirana.
- Kunyengedza kune mamwe mabasa evanhu uye kukurukura.
Sei Zvakakosha Kuti Uzive Ipi Idaiti yeAdHD Ine?
Sezvakawanda nemisoro, ruzivo simba. Kunyanya iwe uchiziva nezvehutano hwako uye rudzi rwe ADHD une, iwe unowedzera simba raunonzwa. Izvi zvakashandura zvinoreva kuti unogona kuwana kurapwa kwakakodzera kwezviratidzo zvako kuitira kuti ichengetwe zvakanaka.
Kuziva kuti mharidzo yeDHD yaunorevei iwe unogona kusiyanisa pakati pechiratidzo cheDHD uye chii chikamu cheunhu hwako hwakasiyana. Dzimwe nguva vanhu vanotambura kwemakore vane chimwe chezvinhu zveADHD vanofunga kuti chikamu chevamwe ivo, asi kuti gare gare vaone kuti yakange yakabatana neAdHD uye kuti kurapwa kunowanikwa kubatsira.
Mukuwedzera kune zvinobatsira, kune mazano ekufunga nezvekuziva kuti ADHD inokukanganisa sei. Pane hutsika hwakawanda hwekutsika pamusoro pezviito zvinokonzerwa nekuva neAdHD. Somuenzaniso, kusakwanisa kugara mumisangano kunogona kunzi "kusaremekedza." Munhu anoita zvingaita sekukanganisa kusina hanya kuchikoro anogona kunyorwa kuti "kusagadzikana." Vakuru nevana vane ADHD vanowanzozviti vane usimbe kana mapenzi, apo ivo vasiri. Kunzwisisa zvinyengeri zvebhuku rako re ADHD kunokubatsira kuti uzviparadzanise kubva pamashoko aya asina kunaka uye kunyadziswa uye mhosva yaunouya navo. Izvi zvinokusunungura iwe kuti uwane mhinduro yakagadzikana pane.
Izvo Zvakaipa Kuve Nehuwandu Hwomunhu Kupfuura Mumwe Chete ADHD Rudzi?
ADHD yakabatanidzwa ndiyo inowanikwa yakawanda yeAdHD. Izvo ndezvinyanya kutsvakurudzwa.
Kuva neAdHD yakagadzirirwa rudzi hazvirevi kuti ADHD yako yakaoma zvikuru kana ichienzaniswa nemumwe munhu anoonekwa kuti ane chirwere chakanyanya kushaya simba kana kuti chinonyanya kutadza.
Semuenzaniso, munhu anonyanya kushaya simba-kusagadzikana angave achiri kuona zvimwe zviratidzo kubva pane zvisiri izvo zvinoratidza zviratidzo. Zvisinei, iye haazove nezvizere zvizere zvishanu kana zvitanhatu zvinopihwa kuongororwa kweHDHD. Kuongororwa kuti ane ADHD yakagadzikana rudzi zvinoreva zviratidzo zvako zvakagoverwa zvakafanana pakati pemhando mbiri.
Ani naani anoonekwa ane ADHD mushure meMeyi 2013 (apo DSM-5 yakabudiswa) inoudzwa kuti DHD yake yakaoma sei. Zvinogona kuva zvinyoro (apo zvichiri kusangana neDHD criteria), zvishoma, kana yakaoma. Iyi nhamba inzira yakarurama yakakwana yekuziva kuoma kwemamiriro ako, panzvimbo yekuzvitonga maererano neshoko re ADHD une.
Ndichagara ndiine ADHD yakasanganiswa Mutauro here?
Apo DSM-5 yakabudiswa, yakashandura izwi rokuti ADHD subtypes neDHD mharidzo. Shanduko iyi yakaratidza kunzwisisa kwetsva vatsvakurudzi vane ADHD. Panzvimbo pokuva mamiriro ezvinhu akachengetedzeka uye akasimba anokwanisa kugoverwa zvakananga kuva subtypes, isu zvino tinoziva kuti mharidzo yeAdHD yehuwandu uye kuoma kunowedzera mvura uye inogona kuchinja nemakore uye nekugadzirisa.
Mubhuku rake rinonzi Taking Charge Adult ADHD , Dr. Russell Barkley anonyora kuti mharidzo inonyanya kushandiswa inogona kuva yekutanga kukura kwechikamu cheAdHD yakabatanidzwa. Anotaura kuti vazhinji vevanhu vanorwara vane hutachiona huchakura zviratidzo zvakakwana zvine chokuita nekucherechedza mitemo mumakore matatu kusvika ku5. Izvi zviratidzo zvitsva zvichava zvakasimba zvakakwana zvokuti vanhu ava vachasangana nezvinodiwa kuti zviwanike neAADH pamwe chete kusangana.
Isuwo tinoziva kuti semunhu wemakore, zviratidzo zvavo zve ADHD zvinowedzera mukati uye zvisingaoneki kune vanoona. Semuenzaniso, munhu akaona kusagadzikana semucheche uye akawana zvakaoma kugara pasi anogona kugona kugara pasi paanodiwa semunhu mukuru asi achanzwa kunzwa kusununguka mukati uye kusagadzikana.
Mishonga
Kana iwe kana mwana wako akabatanidza ADHD, zvakakosha kutarisa zvose zvisingatauriki uye zvirwere zvisina kunaka uye zvisingaiti.
Kunyange zvazvo ADHD isingagoni kuporeswa, zvinogoneka kurapa nekugadzirisa zviratidzo zvakabudirira. Sezvo nemhando dzose dzeAdHD, chirongwa chinonyatsoshanda chokurapwa cheAADH chakabatana chinowanzotorwa mishonga, pamwe nekurapwa kwetsika dzakadai sekurapa, pokugara , unyanzvi hwehutano, uye mararamiro ehupenyu.
Icho hachisi mishonga chaiyo yeAIDS iyo inoshanda zvakanaka kune mamwe marudzi eAdHD. Pane kudaro, kuwana mishonga yakarurama uye chirwere chimwe chinhu icho chiremba wako achakwanisa kubatsira. Unogona kuedza mishonga yakasiyana-siyana yeAdHD kusvikira wawana iyo inobatsira zviratidzo zve ADHD uye ine madhara.
> Sources:
> American Psychiatric Association. Kuongororwa uye nhamba yehuwandu hwehutano hwepfungwa (5th ed.). Washington, DC. 2013
Barkley R. (2010) Kutora Mutero wevakuru ADHD, Guilford Press 2010