Maitiro Avanoita Uye Zvavanoratidzwa Pamusoro peBongo
Chii chinonzi optical illusion? Mafungiro okuona, anonyanya kuzivikanwa seanoona zviratidzo, anosanganisira kunyengedzwa kunoona. Pamusana pekugadzirwa kwezvifananidzo, kushanda kwemavara, zvinokonzerwa nechiedza chechiedza kana zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuona zvinonyangadza zvinogona kuonekwa.
Kana iwe wakambotamburira kuona mufananidzo wakavanzwa mune imwe mufananidzo-stereogram, ungave wakaona kuti havasi vose vanoona zviratidzo zvekuona nenzira imwecheteyo. Kune mamwe mafungiro, vamwe vanhu havakwanise kuona mamiriro acho.
Kunyange zviratidzo zvekufungidzira zvingava zvinonakidza uye zvinonakidza, zvinoratidzawo zvakawanda nezvekushanda kweuropi . Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pezvimwe zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zvisinganzwisisiki uye uone kuti sei uye sei nei izvi zvinoratidzwa zvisiri izvo zvichiitika.
1 - Hermann Grid Illusion
MuHermann Grid Illusion, mabhandi machena ari pakati pekona imwe neimwe inoita sokuti inotama kubva kuchena kusvikira ku grey.
Uri kuonei?
Imwe nzvimbo yeHermann yakatanga kuwanikwa nemuzivi wezvemapurisa ainzi Ludimar Hermann muna 1870. Kana muoni achitarisa grid, dotsera machena uye pakati pe 'corridor' imwe neimwe inoita sechishandura pakati pepachena uye grey. Apo muoni akaisa pfungwa yake pane imwe tsananguro, zviri pachena kuti yakachena. Asi pakarepo kungotarisa kunodedzwa kure, dot racho rinoshanduka kusvika kune ruvara rukuru.
Inonzi Hermann Grid Illusion Work?
Saka nei vanhu vachiona gwepa painofanira kuchena? Sei tichiona chimwe chinhu chakasiyana chaizvo nezvakanaka?
Vatsvakurudzi vagara vachishandisa izvo zvinozivikanwa seve lateral inhibition kutsanangura kuti nei vanhu vachiona nzvimbo idzi dzakaoma. Izvi zvinoratidza chirevo chakakosha zvikuru chekufunga: hatisi nguva dzose tichiona zviripo chaizvoizvo. Maonero edu anotarisa kuti nzira yedu yekuona inopindura sei zvinokonzera zvakatipoteredza uye kuti huro hwedu hunoshandura sei ruzivo urwu.
Zvisinei, kune uchapupu hunoratidza kuti tsanangudzo iyi inenge isina kururama. Ichokwadi kuti kunyengedzwa hakubvi pane hukuru, zvinogona kuonekwa nekusiyana kwekuchinja uye kunogona kuregererwa nekukanganisa zvishoma mitsara yakataurwa sezvikonzero nei chidzidzo chechikoro chisina kunaka. Imwe inogona kutsanangurwa iyo yakarongedzwa inozivikanwa seS1 nyore-cell cell.
2 - The Spinning Dancer Illusion
Kuvhiringidza dhaniki kudonongodza kunoratidza chimiro chinonyangadza chinoita sokuti chinoshandura kuchinja. Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekuti izvi zvinonyengera zvinoshanda sei.
Uri kuonei?
Mumufananidzo uyu, unoona chimiro chemukadzi achichera. Inzira ipi iri kutendeuka? Iwe unogona kushamiswa kuziva kuti zvinobvira kumuona achichera zvose zviri zviviri uye achienda nechokuita. Sei? Kunyange zvazvo zvingava zvakaoma zvikuru, unogona kumubata kuti achinje mazano nenzira pfupi. Edza kutarisa chimiro wozozununguka; iye angangoita seanoshandura mazano pakarepo mushure mekunge iwe uchibvongodza. Imwe nzira ndeyekutarisa pane chimwe chikamu chemufananidzo.
Iko Kunotsvaga Kumhanya Kwechirwere Kunoshanda Sei?
Mushure mokunge yave yakasikwa naNobuyuki Kayahara, kunyengera kwakatumidzwa zvisina kururama seusayenzi hunoedzwa hwehutano hwakanaka / hunosiyiwa huropi nehuwandu hwewebsite uye blogs. Muzvokwadi, kudengenyeka kwevambo dhaniki kunobatana nekufungidzira kusinganzwisisiki umo kunakidza 2-dimensional chimiro chinogona kuonekwa kubva kune maonero maviri akasiyana. Nemhaka yokuti hapana chechitatu chimiro, ubongo hwedu huri kuvaka kuvaka nzvimbo yakakomberedza chimiro. Zviratidzo zvakafanana zvinosanganisira Necker Cube uye Reversible Face / Vase Illusion.
Mutsamba yeNew York Times , Thomas C. Toppino, sachigaro wesangano rezvepfungwa panyaya yeVillanova University akati, "Chii chiri kuitika apa kuti chiite flip chinhu chinoitika zvachose mukati mezviratidziro zvekuona.Kana tikwanisa kunzwisisa nei chikonzero ichi ichi chichichinja saka isu tiri munzvimbo yekunyatsonzwisisa chimwe chinhu chakakosha zvikuru kuti maonero anoona sei anoita kuti pave neruzivo rwunoziva. "
3 - Zöllner kunyengera
MuZöllner kunyengera, mitsetse yakajeka inoita seye kufamba kunyange zvazvo iine static.
Uri kuonei?
Zöllner kunyengera ndeimwewo inowanzoratidzwa maonero ekunyengera. Pakutanga yakawanikwa muna 1860 nemumwe muGermany wokuongorora nyanzvi anonzi Johann Karl Friedrich Zöllner, kunyengedzwa uku kunopa mitsetse yakawanda yakaderera nemitsetse mipfupi. Mitsetse yeoblique inotarisa sekuti yakanganisa uye ichasiyana. Muzvokwadi, yose yemitsetse yeiblique yakafanana.
Chinoshanda sei?
Zvakafanana neM Muller-Lyer neHerring zvisiri izvo, izvi zvisiri izvo zvinoratidza kuti mamiriro ezvinhu emufananidzo anogona kukanganisa kuoneka kwemigwagwa yakarurama. Tsanangudzo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakasiyana-siyana dzeZöllner kunyengera dzakataurwa. Kutanga, maonero emitsetse mipfupi yakaenzaniswa nemiganhu yakareba inoita kuti tifunge zvakadzama. Imwe yemitsetse inoita seyo iri pedyo nesu; imwe iri kure. Imwe tsanangudzo inogona kuitika ndeyekuti uropi huri kuedza kuwedzera mairi pakati pemiganhu yakareba uye mipfupi. Izvi zvinokonzera kusvibiswa sezvo uropi huchiedza kukotamisa miganhu kubva kune imwe.
Zvinofadza kuti kana ruvara rwemitsara rwuchishandurwa kune ruvara uye ruvara rutsvuku, mhedzisiro inopera zvachose chero bedzi mavara maviri ari akaenzana.
4 - Ames Room Room Illusion
Muimba yeAmes kunyengera, vanhu vaviri vamire muimba vanoita sevakakura zvakasiyana-siyana, kunyange zvazvo vakaenzana.
Uri kuonei?
Mufananidzo uyu uri kumusoro wakatorwa nemushanyi ku "Ames room" muVilette science museum muParis, France uye akaendeswa kune Flickr, webhusaiti yekugoverana. Mukati, munhu ari kuruboshwe anoita kunge akareba kwazvo, asi munhu ari kurudyi anotarisa zvikuru. Muzvokwadi, vose vanhu ndevamwe vakaenzana nekukwirira.
Nzvimbo yeAmes Room Illusion Inoshanda Sei?
Mhedzisiro inoshanda kuburikidza nekushandisa kamuri rakatsauka kuti iite runyengeri rwekusiyana kwakanyanya mukukura. Apo imba yacho inenge yakave yakafanana-siyana kubva kune vanoona, iyo inenge iine trapezoidal maitiro. Mukadzi ari kuruoko rworudyi rwechifananidzo chiri pamusoro apa chaizvoizvo akamira pakona iri kure zvikuru kupfuura mukadzi kuruboshwe.
Ikokunyengedza kunotungamirira muoni kuti atende kuti vanhu vaviri vakamira mumhudziro wakadaro webindu, apo chaizvoizvo nyaya yacho yakamira zvakanyanya pedyo. Mukadzi ari kuruboshwe mumufananidzo wepamusoro anooneka pane imwe huru yakareba, asi chokwadi chokuti anoita kunge akafanana nekudzika kwebindu sezvo mufananidzo wekodzero inoita kuti munhu wepedyo aonekwe zvikuru.
Mhedzisiro inogona kuonekwa mune mamwe mafirimu, kusanganisira Ishe weRings trilogy. Cherechedza matanho ekutanga muThe Fellowship of the Ring uko mhinduro inonyanya kushandiswa kuita Gandalf kuve yakakura kudarika hobbits.
Iwe unogona kuona mimwe mienzaniso yekamuri dzeAmes mune mavhidhiyo aya eYouTube.
5 - Ponzo Illusion
Muchirevo chePonzo, mitsara miviri yakaenzana yakaita seyakasiyana-siyana painoiswa pamusoro pemigwagwa yakafanana inofanirwa kuchinja kana ichidzoka kusvika kure.
Uri kuonei?
Mumufananidzo uri pamusoro apa unoratidzira Ponzo kunyengera, mitsetse miviri yechizha ndiyo yakaenzana yakakura. Nemhaka yekuti iyo yakaiswa pamusoro pemigwagwa yakafanana iyo inenge ichiita sechitsinhanisa iri kure, kumusoro kwemashizha mutsara inowonekwa yakareba kupfuura yakadzika imwe.
Ko Ponzo Chirwere Chinoshanda Sei?
Ponzo kunyangadza kwakatanga kuratidzwa muna 1913 nemumwe muongorori wepfungwa wokuItaly ainzi Mario Ponzo. Chikonzero chirevo chepamusoro chinotarisa chinotarisa ndezvekuti tinoshandura chiitiko tichishandisa maonero akafanana. Sezvo mitsetse yakafanana yakafanana ichiita seyochikura pedyo sezvainofamba mberi, tinodudzira mutsara wepamusoro sekunge uri kure nechokure. Chimwe chinhu chiri kure chinoda kuva kwenguva yakareba kuitira kuti chionekwe sechiyero chakafanana sechinhu chiri pedyo, saka mutsara we "uri kure" unoonekwa sehurefu kupfuura pasi "pedo" mutsara, kunyange zvazvo iwo akafanana ukuru.
6 - Kanizsa Triangle Illusion
Iko Kanizsa Triangle inofanirwa kugadzirisa umo katatu inonzwisisika kunyange zvazvo isiri ikoko.
Kanizsa Triangle runyengeri rwakatanga kurondedzerwa muna 1955 nemumwe munyori wepfungwa weItaly anonzi Gaetano Kanizsa. Muchivhiringidziro, nyeredzi yakaenzana yakagadzikana inogona kuonekwa mumufananidzo kunyange zvazvo pasina chaicho chekatatu ipapo. Mhedzisiro inokonzerwa nemashiripiti kana zvidzidzo.
Gestalt wepfungwa dzepfungwa anoshandisa chirevo ichi kuti atsanangure mutemo wekuvhara , imwe yemitemo ye gestalt yenzira yekuziva . Maererano neshoko iri, zvinhu zvakabatanidzwa pamwe zvinowanzoonekwa sechikamu chese. Isu tinowanzorega kuchengetedza matanho uye kuona mitsara yepakati kuitira kuti chifananidzo chioneke sechinhu chakabatana.