Nhoroondo uye Kushandiswa kwe WAIS
I Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) muedzo wekuchenjera uyo wakatanga kubudiswa muna 1955 uye wakagadzirirwa kuyera huchenjeri kune vanhu vakuru nekukwegura kwevechiri kuyaruka. Muedzo wacho wakagadzirwa nemagariro ezvepfungwa David Wechsler uyo aidavira kuti huchenjeri hwakagadzirwa nemafungiro akasiyana-siyana pane pfungwa dzakawanda .
Nhoroondo ye Wechsler Intelligence Scales
Wechsler akanga asingagutsikane nezvaaifunga kuti zvikanganiso zveStanford-Binet muedzo. Pakati pekunyunyuta kwake kukuru pamusoro pechiyero ichocho chaiva chikwata chimwe chete chakabuda, chakasimbiswa pamabasa akanguva, uye kuti chiyero chakanga chakagadzirirwa zvakananga vana uye saka chakanga chisina basa kuvanhu vakuru.
Somugumisiro, Wechsler akaronga mutsva mutsva munguva yema1930 iyo yaizivikanwa se Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scales. Chiyero chakazogadziriswa uye chakazozivikanwa se Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale kana WAIS.
Chimwe chinhu chinonakidza kucherechedza ndechokuti Alfred Binet , muvambi wekutanga yenjodzi yekuongorora , akafungawo kuti huchenjeri hwakanga huri hwakaoma zvikuru hunenge hwave hwakanyatsorondedzerwa nenhamba imwe chete. Chinangwa chemuedzo wake wepakutanga ndechekubatsira kuziva vana vaida rubatsiro rwakananga kuchikoro uye akanzwa kuti zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinhu zvakasiyana, kusanganisira yehutano hwemwana, zvinogona kukanganisa zviedzo zvekuedza.
Nenzira imwecheteyo, test Wechsler yaiva kudzokera kune dzakawanda zvepfungwa dzaive naBinet. Panzvimbo pekupa imwe yenhanho yakawanda, WAIS yakapa huwandu hwehutachiona-hutachiwana hune simba nekushayiwa simba. Chimwe chibatsiro cheizvi ndechekuti muenzaniso wezvikoro unogonawo kupa ruzivo rwakakosha.
Semuenzaniso, kuisa munzvimbo mune dzimwe nzvimbo asi kuderera kune vamwe kungaratidza kuvapo kwekuremara kwekudzidza zvakananga.
Kufanana nemuedzo weStanford-Binet, WAIS inopawo purogiramu yakawanda. Zvisinei, Wechsler akashandisa nzira yakasiyana yekuverenga nhamba iyi. Sezvaungave uchiyeuka kubva pakuverenga nezvehutano hwekuongororwa kweunyanzvi , huwandu hwepakutanga Stanford-Binet hwakabva pakuparadzanisa nguva yepfungwa maererano nenguva yenguva.
Pakava WAIS, Wechsler panzvimbo pacho akaenzanisa zviyero zvekuedza-kutora kune zvevamwe muzera rake rezera rose. Ivhareji yepakati inotsanangurwa pa100, uye inenge zvikamu zviviri kubva kune zvitatu zvezvikamu zvose zvinowira pane imwe nzvimbo pakati pe 85 ne115. Kuyera kwezviwero zvinowira pakati pezviwero zviviri izvi zvinofungidzirwa kuvareji, huchenjeri hunowanzoitika.
Mimwe miedzo yakawanda yechenjeri yakazotevera kutora nzira ya Wechsler, kusanganisira shanduro yemazuva ano yeStanford-Binet.
Zvinyorwa zve WAIS
Iko kwakange kune shanduro ina dzakasiyana dze WAIS:
- WAIS (1955)
- WAIS-R (1981)
- WAIS-III (1997)
- WAIS-IV (2008)
The Current Version
Ikozvino shanduro ye WAIS yakabudiswa mugore ra2008 uye inosanganisira gumi dzinokonzera kushandiswa pamwe chete uye zvishanu zvekuwedzera zvinyorwa.
Chiyero chinopa zvikamu zvina zvikuru:
- Verbal Comprehension
- Kunzwisisa Kukurukurirana
- Working Memory
- Processing Speed
Kuwedzerwa, WAIS-IV inopa mbiri muchidimbu zvikamu:
- Full-Scale IQ
- General Ability Index
IWAS yaipfuura neStanford-Binet inoshandiswa munguva dzema1960. Nhasi, WAIS ndiyo inonyanya kuongororwa kuongorora kwepfungwa.
References:
Fancher, RE (1996). Mapiyona ePychology . New York: Norton.
Kaplan, RM & Saccuzzo, DP (2009). Psychological Testing: Principles, Applications, uye Issues . Belmont (CA): Wadsworth.