Uropi hwevanhu hausi humwe chete humwe nhengo dzinokosha mumutumbi wemunhu; iyo ndiyo yakaoma zvikuru. Mukushanyirwa kunotevera, iwe uchadzidza pamusoro pezvivako zvakakosha zvinoumba huropi uye kuti huro hunoita sei. Izvi hazvirevi kutarisa zvakadzama pane zvose zvitsvakurudzo pamusoro peuropi (yakadaro inogona kuzadza mabhuku emabhuku). Pane kudaro, chinangwa chekushanya uku uropi ndekukuzivei nehukuru hwehutano hwakagadzikana uye mabasa avo.
1 - Cerebral Cortex
Iro cerebral cortex ndiyo chikamu cheropi inoshanda kuti vanhu vave vakasiyana. Unhu hunoshamisa hwevanhu hunosanganisira kufunga kwakanyanya, mutauro uye kuziva kwevanhu pamwe nekwanisi yekufunga, chikonzero uye kufungidzira zvose zvinobva mumakemikari cortex.
Iro cerebral cortex ndizvo zvatinoona patinotarisa uropi. Icho chikamu chekunze chinogona kugoverwa mumakumbo mana europi. Chimwe nechimwe chinoputika pamusoro peuropi chinozivikanwa segyrus, apo gorosi imwe neimwe inozivikanwa sulcus.
2 - Ichina Lobes
Iro cerebral cortex inogona kugoverwa muzvikamu zvina, izvo zvinonzi lobes (ona mufananidzo). Izvo zvakashata, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, uye kurasika kwepanguva yakave yakabatanidzwa nemabasa akasiyana kubva pakutsanangura kusvika pakuona maonero.
- Irove yakatarisana iri pamberi peuropi uye inobatanidza nekufungisisa, ruzivo rwemotokari, hukuru hwepamusoro cognition, uye mutauro unotsanangura. Kumushure kwelobe yakatarisana, pedyo nepakati sulcus, inonyanya motori cortex. Iyi nzvimbo yeuropi inowana ruzivo kubva kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvehuropi uye inoshandisa ruzivo urwu kuti ruite kufamba kwemuviri. Kukuvadza kunzvimbo yakatarisa kunogona kutungamirira kuchinjairo mune zvepabonde, kushamwaridzana, nekucherechedza pamwe nekuwedzera kungozi-kutora.
- Iyo parietal lobe iri pakati nepakati chikamu cheropi uye inobatanidzwa nekugadzira tactile ruzivo rwemashoko zvakadai sekumanikidza, kubata, uye kurwadziwa. Chimwe chikamu cheropi chinozivikanwa se-cortex somatosensory iri mulobe ino uye inokosha pakugadzirisa kwemuviri wemuviri.
- Chirevo chenguva pfupi chiripo pane chikamu chepasi cheuropi. Izvi zvinorevawo nzvimbo yekutanga kunyora kortex, iyo inokosha mukududzira mitsindo uye mutauro watinonzwa. Iyo hippocampus inowanikwawo munguva yekare, ndiyo chikonzero ichi chikamu cheuropi chakanyanyobatanidzwa nekuumbwa kwezviyeuchidzo . Kukuvadza kwemazuva ekunze kunogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko nekuyeuka, kutaura kwekutaura, uye unyanzvi hwemutauro.
- The loip occital is located in the back part of the brain and is associated with the interpretation of visual stimulation and information. Iko maonero makuru ekuona, ayo anogamuchira uye anotsanangura mashoko kubva kuma retinas emaziso, ari mune lop occital lobe. Kukuvadza kweiyi ino kunogona kukonzera matambudziko anooneka sekutambudzika kugamuchira zvinhu, kusakwanisa kuziva mavara, uye kutambudzika kuziva mazwi.
3 - The Brain Stem
Uropi hunove hunove huri pakati pebonde, pons, uye medulla.
Iyo midbrain inowanzotorwa inzvimbo duku kudarika dzeuropi. Inoshanda sechimiro chemasimeri akadzokorora kune zvinyorwa zvekuongorora nekuona. Iyo midbrain inodzora zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokosha zvakadai sekuona uye maitiro ekuongorora uye pamwe nekufamba kweziso. Zvikamu zve midbrain inonzi iyo nucleus tsvuku uye substantia nigra inobatanidzwa mukudzora muviri. Iyo yakajeka yakawanda yakawanda inogra ine nhamba yakawanda ye-dopamine-producing neurons iripo. Kuipa kweeuroni mu-substantia nigra kunosanganiswa nechirwere chePalinson.
Iyo medulla inowanikwa zvakananga pamusoro pemutsipa wepelinha muchikamu chezasi cheuropi inotangira uye inodzora zvinhu zvakawanda zvakakosha zvigadziro zvakadai sekushaya moyo, kufema, uye ropa.
Iyo pons inobatanidza medulla kune cerebellum uye inoita mabasa anoverengeka anokosha anosanganisira kutamba basa mumabasa anoverengeka ezvokudzivirira zvakadai sekukurudzira kufema uye kutarisa kurara.
4 - The Cerebellum
Dzimwe nguva dzinonzi "Little Brain," tsvina iri pamusoro pepons shure kweuropi inopera. Iyo cerebellum inoumbwa nelobes duku uye inogamuchira ruzivo kubva muhutano hwomukatikati, mukati mekunzwa, uye maitiro ekuona uye maonero. Iko kunobatanidzwa mukubatanidza kwemafambiro pamwe nekudzidzira motokari.
Iro cerebellum inoumba anenge 10 muzana yehuro hwayo huwandu , asi inowedzera zvinopfuura 50 muzana yenhamba yose yeeuroni iri muuropi yose. Iyi sangano inobatanidza nemoto kufamba uye kutonga, asi izvi hazvisi nokuti mirairo yemotokari inotanga pano. Pane kudaro, cerebellum inoshandiswa kugadzirisa zviratidzo izvi uye kuita kuti motokari dzive yakarurama uye inobatsira.
Semuenzaniso, cerebellum inobatsira kudzora maitiro, kuenzanisa, uye kubatana kwekuzvidira. Izvi zvinobvumira mapoka emasumbu akasiyana mumumuviri kuti aite pamwe uye anogadzira kurongeka, kufamba kwemvura.
Mukuwedzera pakutamba basa rinokosha mumagetsi ekudzivirira, serebellum inokoshawo kune dzimwe hutano hunoita kusanganisira kutaura.
5 - Thalamus
Inowanikwa pamusoro peuropiyo, thalamus inoita uye inotumira ruzivo uye ruzivo rwemashoko. Icho chinonyanya kushandiswa kwechitima, kutora ruzivo rwemashoko ndokuzoipfuudza kusvika kune cerebral cortex. Iko inonzi cerebral cortex inotumirawo mashoko kune thalamus, iyo inotumira mashoko aya kune mamwe maitiro.
6 - The Hypothalamus
I hypothalamus iboka re nuclei rinenge riri pasi pehuropi pedo nehutu hwepituitary. Iyo hypothalamus inobatanidza nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda dzeuropi uye ine mutoro wekutarisira nzara, nyota, manzwiro , mutemo wekushisa kwemuviri, uye circadian rhythms. Iyo hypothalamus inodzorawo chirwere chepituitary kuburikidza nekuvhara mahomoni, izvo zvinoita kuti hypothalamus ive nesimba guru rekutonga pamusoro pemabasa akawanda emuviri.
7 - The Limbic System
Kunyange zvazvo pasina kubvumirana zvachose pane urongwa hwezvivakwa zvinoumba chimbic system, mana ematunhu makuru anosanganisira:
- The amygdala
- Hippocampus
- Regions of the limbic cortex
- The septal area.
Izvo zvivako zvinoumbanidza pakati pe limbic system uye hypothalamus, thalamus uye cerebral cortex. Ikoko hippocampus inokosha mukuyeuka nekudzidza, asi chimbic system pachayo inonyanya mukutonga kwemhinduro dzemanzwiro.
8 - The Basal Ganglia
Icho chinonzi basal ganglia iboka remagetsi makuru anokomberedza chikamu chethalamus. Aya nhamba anokosha mukudzora kufamba. Iyo nucleus tsvuku uye substantia nigra ye midbrain ine ukama nebasal ganglia.
Shoko Rinobva
Uropi hwemunhu hwakaoma kunzwisisa uye vatsvakurudzi vachiri kushanda kuti vanzwisise zvakawanda zvezvishamiso zvekuti pfungwa dzinoshanda sei. Nekunzwisisa zviri nani kuti zvikamu zvakasiyana zveuropi zvinoshanda sei, unogonawo kunzwisisa zviri nani kuti chirwere kana kukuvadzwa kunogona kukanganisa mamwe mabasa.
> Sources:
> Carter, R. The Human Brain Book. New York: Penguin; 2014.
> Kalat, JW. Biological Psychology. Boston, MA: Cengage Kudzidza; 2016.