'Vanodzika Dambudziko' Vanowanikwa Muzvidzidzo Zvidzidzo
Zvinodarika chikamu chetatu (35,9 kubva muzana) vevanhu vekuAmerica vane doro rekudhakwa (kudhakwa) kwakatanga makore anopfuura apfuura apfuura zvino kugadzirisa, maererano nekutsvakurudza kwakaitwa Laboratory yeByometry neEpidemiology iyo yakaongorora kudhakwa kwekunwa doro.
Vanhu vakagadziriswa zvakakwana vanoratidza zviratidzo zvekudhakwa doro kana kushandisa doro zvisina kufanira uye kana kurega kana kunwa pazvikamu zvakaderera kune avo vanozivikanwa kuti vawedzere kudzokera pangozi.
Zvinosanganisira zviyero zvakaenzana zvevadzivisi (18,2 muzana) uye vanochera pangozi (17.7 muzana).
Kuongororwa kwakavakirwa pamashoko kubva muna 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey pamusoro peAlcohol uye Related Conditions (NESARC), chirongwa cheNational Institute pamusoro pekudhakwa kwezvinwiwa uye kudhakwa (NIAAA).
Chikamu chimwe chete (25,0 muzana) yevanhu vane doro kubva kune doro rinotanga kudarika gore rimwe chete rapfuura vachiri kuvimba, 27.3 muzana vari mukuregererwa zvishoma (kureva, kuratidza zvimwe zviratidzo zvekudhakwa nedoro kana kudhakwa zvisina kunaka), uye 11.8 muzana inenge isina ngozi vanonwa zvisina zviratidzo asi avo vanowedzera kuwedzerwa mikana yekudzokazve (kune varume, zvinopfuura 14 zvinwiwa pavhiki kana kupfuura zvinodha zvinomwe pazuva rimwechete) nekuda kwevakadzi, vanopfuura 7 zvinwiwa pavhiki kana kupfuura zvinodha zvitatu pazuva.
"Zvabuda kubva kuNESARC yakagadziriswa yakasimbiswa inosimbisa mapepa apfuura ayo vanhu vakawanda vanogona uye vanodzoka kubva pakudhakwa," akadaro Mutungamiri weNIAAA Ting-Kai Li, MD
"Mharidzo yemazuva ano inokosha sechinhu chisinganzwisisiki chemamiriro ezvinhu iye zvino uye nezvehumwe humwe hunhu hunoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekudzorera. Zvidzidzo zvemazuva akawanda zvichadiwa kuti unzwisise nhoroondo chaiyo yekudhakwa kwewaini pane nguva."
Kunwisa doro
Mutungamiri munyori Deborah Dawson, Ph.D.
uye vashandi pamwe naye muBrazil yeByometry neEpidemiology muNIAAA yeruzivo rwemukati yekutsvaga chirongwa yakabudisa tsvakurudzo yeNESARC yakapedzisira mune imwe nyaya inoti "Kuwana Kubva ku DSM-IV Doro Dependence: United States, 2001-2002" mumutauro waJanuary 2005 weAddhi .
Kubva pamuenzaniso wemumiriri wevanhu vechiuru makumi matatu nemazana mashanu vekuAmerica vane makore gumi nemana nemakore ekure, NESARC ndiyo inongorori yakawanda yakamboitwa yekubatana kwezvinodhaka zvekushandisa doro uye zvinodhaka uye mimwe mamiriro ezvinhu epfungwa. NESARC inotsanangura zvinetso zvekushandisa doro uye kuregererwa kwavo maererano nemitemo yakanyanya kuchangobva kuitwa yakagadzirwa neAmerican Psychiatric Association.
Kuwana kuongororwa kwakavakirwa pane boka revanhu vakuru 4 422 vakawana kliniki yekutsvaga kwekutengesa doro kwakatanga kudarika gore rimwe chete pamberi pekuongorora 2001-2002. Ava vanhu vakanga vari pakati pepakati-vakuru, vasiri veMichelin vatsvene. Vanhu makumi matanhatu kubva muzana vakange vapinda kana kupedza chujiji. Vanopfuura hafu vakanga vatarisana nekutanga kunwa doro pakati pezera remakore 18 ne24, uye 25.5 muzana bedzi vakange vambowana kurapa kwezvinetso zvavo zvewaini.
Kurapa Kunogona Kuwedzera Kudzoka
Dr. Dawson nevamwe vaaishanda navo vakawana kuti mukana wekuregererwa kunonoka wakawedzerwa nguva uye nezera uye wakanga wakakwirira pakati pevakadzi, vanhu vakaroora kana kuti vanogara, vanhu vane ruzivo rwekuvimbika kune makore 18-24, uye vanhu vakamboona nhamba yakawanda yekuvimba kwezviratidzo.
Mikana yekusagadziriswa kwekusawana (kureva, kunwa dambudziko risina njodzi isina zviratidzo zvekushungurudzwa kana kuvimba) kunowedzera kupfuura nguva uye kwaive yakakwirira pakati pevanhu vakanga vakaroora kana kugara, avo vane mhuri yemhuri yekudhakwa nevakasangana nezviratidzo zvishoma zve kuvimba. Iyo yakanyanya kukura kwehuwandu hwezvinwiwa zvinopedzwa, iyo yakaderera mukana wekuti chero rudzi rwekudzikinura.
Mukuwedzera, kuva nehutano hwehutano hwakabatanidzwa nehuwandu huri pasi hwekuregererwa kuzorora. Kurapa kwezvinetso zvewaini zvakashandura zvimwe zvezviitiko izvi.
Tsanangudzo Inosanganisira 'Kudhakwa Kwisina Ngozi'
"Kunwa doro zvakanyanya - kunyanya kana zvichitsanangurwa maererano nemirairo ye DSM-IV - inogona kutadzisa kudzokera kunwa dambudziko risina njodzi kune vamwe vanhu," inotaura vanyori.
Zvisinei, vanobvuma, kuponeswa kusarudzwa kwevakasara vasingagumi (kureva kuti vanhu vanozorora kubva mukudhakwa doro zvingave zvakanyanya kuponesa kune zuva rokuongorora) zvingave zvakakonzera kuongororwa kwekutsvaga.
Apo vanyori vakaenzanisa mitsva yavo neakawanikwa kubva pakutanga kwekutanga 1991-1992 National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey (NLAES), vakacherechedza mafambiro mukati megumi gumi apfuura nekuregererwa kusinganzwisisiki (kureva, kusavapo kwezvinodhakwa zvinodhaka kana kuzvidzora zviratidzo) muvanhu kare yakatarisira.
"Hapana mhinduro dzinotsanangurwa dzekuti nei izvi zvingava zvakadaro.Dheta kubva kuWave 2 yeNESARC inofanira kupa ruzivo rwekugadzirisa nyaya ino," vakadaro. Iyo NESARC inodzidza kwenguva refu ikozvino inopinda mukutanga kwekutevera inofanira kujekesa nzira dzekudzoka.