Miedzo yekubatanidza Sutu, Salivha uye Mvere
Mirayiridzo yekuongororwa kwezvinodhaka zvevashandi vehurumende yakatanga kubudiswa neDhipatimendi reUnited Health uye Human Services (HHS) muna 1988 uye yakadzokororwa kazhinji kubva muna 1994, 1998, 2004 uye 2010.
Tsanangudzo yakadzama, 51-peji "Zvinotungamirirwa neMitemo yeHome Workplace Drug Testing Programs" inowanika paIndaneti muFomu PDF.
Yakagadziriswa neHuman abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), mirayiridzo inotarisirwa kugadzirisa mitemo yekuongorora zvinodhaka uye nzira dzevashandi vehurumende munyika dzose dzehurumende.
Major Changes Rakaitwa muna 2004
Muna 2004, SAMHSA yakarongedza kugadziriswa kune mirayiridzo. Mushure mekunge vanhu vachataura pamusoro pekushandurwa kunoitwa, chiziviso chekuchinja kwakabudiswa munaDecember 2008 ndokutanga kushanda muna May 2010.
Izvo zvirevo zvakakonzera kuwanda kwekushandurwa kunokosha kumutemo:
- Mazano aya akawedzerwa kuisa ma laboratory kuongorora kwebvudzi, muromo wemvura, uye kusuruvara kwemavara-kuwedzerwa mumigodhi yemiti - nokuda kwekudya mbanje , cocaine , phencyclidine, opiates (nekutarisa heroin ), uye amphetamines [kusanganisira methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) ), methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDEA), methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA).
- Kubvumirwa kushandiswa kwe-site-point-of-collection test (POCT) maikirwo ekuongorora urine uye muromo fluid.
- Akabvumira kushandiswa kwezviridzwa zvokutanga zvekuongorora zvivako (IITF) kukurumidze kuziva zviratidzo zvisina kunaka.
- Akawedzera kudzidziswa zvinodiwa nevatengi, pa-site testers, uye mapurisa ekuongorora mazano.
Certification of Laboratories
Uyewo, Mirayiridzo Inotenderwa inogadzira masayenzi uye mazano ekugadzira zvirongwa zveSpytownplace nzvimbo yekuongorora zvinodhaka nekugadzira maitiro ekugadzirisa ma laboratori anoshandiswa mukuongororwa kwezvinodhaka kwehurumende dzeSweden.
Izvo zvinoshandiswa kuMitemo Inotungamira zvinosangana nekuunganidza uye kuongororwa kwemuenzaniso wemurini, zvinodiwa kuti zvizivikanwe neAppented Initial Test Facilities (IITF), uye basa uye nemitemo yevatori veMatongerwo ekuongorora Matapi (MRO).
Kutsanangura Zvinodiwa Kuongororwa
Kunyanya, mirayiridzo mitsva yakarondedzera zvinodiwa zve:
- Maitiro ekuunganidza maitiro
- Tsika uye kutonga nzira dzinovimbisa kuti munhu anopa mupiro chimiro chekuziva uye kuvimbika
- Testing facility
- Pakutanga uye kusimbisa test cutoff concentrations
- Nzira dzokuedza yekuongorora
- Result review nekubika
- Kuongororwa kwezvimwe zvinotsanangurwa zvezvechiremba zvezviitiko zvakanaka
- Zvidzidzo zvebhuku rebazi
Kurwisana neMishonga-Kuedza Tricks
Kushandiswa kwekuongororwa kwemuenzaniso, kunze kwemuti, kwakauya mushure mekunge chirongwa chekufambisa chichitanga munaEpril 2000 kuti zvigadzirire kushanda kwezvinhu zvedzimwechete kunze kwemuti kuti uongorore kuti marabhu 'akwanise kuwana kukwana uye yakarurama.
Kuwedzerwa kwekuongorora kushandisa bvudzi, muromo wemvura, uye kusuruvara zvikwata zvinowedzera kuongororwa kwemuti, zvakagadzirirwa kurwisana nemabhizimisi akazvipira "kuisa zvirongwa zvekushandisa mishonga kuburikidza nekupombwe, kushandiswa, uye kushandiswa," SAMSHA yakashuma.
Sangano racho rakashumawo kuti kuongorora misoro, iyo inogona kuona kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka kwemazuva makumi mapfumbamwe, inogona kubatsira mukuedza kusati kwasvika, kunyora mumvura kunonyorera kunogona kuona kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka mumamiriro ezvinhu epashure-pangozi, uye kusuruvara kuongorora kunogona kubatsira kune pamwe nekutsvaga-kuongorora zvinodhaka uye mapurogiramu ekurapa.
Nhanho Dzakakurumidza Kuedza Kwakaipa
Kuwedzerwa kwekushandisa kwePOTCT zvigadzirwa uye IITF zvinopa hurumende hurumende migumisiro pakuziva zviratidzo zvisina kunaka, uye zvichiratidza kuti shanduro yakakodzera, SAMHSA yakataura.
Vose vezvematongerwo enyika vanoita kuongororwa kwezvinodhaka vanofanira kutevera Mandatory Guidelines yakagadzirwa naSAMHSA, iyo inosanganisira kuva neruzivo rwezvekurapa rwezvechiremba kuongorodza mitezo yese yekuedza uye kushandisa shanduko yezvinodhaka inopupurirwa neSAMHSA.
Private Employers Shandisa Zvirongwa Zvakare
Vashandi vega voga vanoita kuongororwa kwezvinodhaka kwevashandi vavo havadi kuitevera mirayiridzo yeSAMHSA, asi kunyatsoteerera mirayiridzo kuchavabatsira kuti varambe vakasimba pamutemo, vachishandisa maitiro ehurumende uye nekuongororwa chete nemishonga iyi inotaurwa mumitemo.
Maererano neUnited States of Labor, mazano edzimhosva akatsigira kutevera mirayiridzo, saka, vashandi vakawanda vanosarudza kutevera mazano ehurumende mukudziridza zvirongwa zvavo zvekuedza kushandisa zvinodhaka.
> Sources:
> Bush, DM "IU.S. Mandatory Guidelines for Programs Federal Workplace Programs Testing Programs: maonero aripo zvino uye mune ramangwana." Forensic Science International Munyika yaJanuary 2008
> Dhipatimendi Rezvoutano uye Human Services. " Zvinotungamirirwa Nhungamiro yeHurumende yeHome Workplace Drug Testing Programs ." Federal Register November 25, 2008
> US Department of Labor. "Mishonga Inoshandiswa Kwemishonga Inzvimbo Yebasa Rokuvaka Madziro Chikamu 7: Kuongorora Zvinodhaka." Kushandisa Zvinodhaka Pasina Mushandi Wemabasa