Kutadza kukwana-tsika yekuita zvisingafungidziki zvakakwirira-yakabatanidzwa mukugadzirisa nekugadzirisa zvinetso zvekudya. Clinical perfectionism ndiyo chinangwa chikuru chekupindira muCognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT-E), kutungamirira kurapa kwevanhu vakuru vane zvinetso zvekudya. Dzidzo dzakaratidza kuti varwere vane anorexia nervosa uye bulimia nervosa vane mazinga akakwirira ekutendeseka pane kutonga nyaya.
Kuita zvakakwana kunenge kusina kudzidza zvishoma asi zvakare kunoratidzwa nevarwere vane chirwere chekudya zvakanyanya. Maererano neBardone-Cone uye vashandi pamwe chete navo (2010), "kutendeseka kunoratidzika kunobatsira mukurapa, kuchengetedza, uye kurapa kwezvinetso zvekudya" (peji 139). Ichi chinyorwa chichajekesa kukwana, tsanangura ukama hwayo nekudya kwekudya, uye kurukura mazano ekurapa.
Chii Chinonzi Kutadza Kunaka?
Kuita zvinhu zvakakwana ndiko unhu hwakakomba hunhu uye pasina dudziro inogamuchirwa. Iko dzimwe nguva inoonekwa semunhu unhu kana chiratidzo. Inogonawo kunzwisiswa senzira. Kuita zvakakwana kunogona kuva nemafungiro akanaka uye akaipa. Kuva nemitemo yakakwirira kunogona kuva inobatsira uye mumatambudziko mazhinji, zvinogona kubatsira mukuwana zvinangwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, kukwana kwakakwana kunobatanidza mari uye mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipa, zvizhinji zvayo zvinogona kuva chiremera. Kuvimbika kunobatanidza nematambudziko epfungwa kunonetsa uye kwakatumidzwa semakiriniki (kana asingabatsiri) kukwana .
Clinical perfectionism ine zvinhu zvitatu:
- Kuenderera mberi kwekutarisira iwe kana vamwe kusangana nepamusoro mitemo iyo, zvichibva mumamiriro ezvinhu, vamwe vanhu vanofunga zvakanyanya kana kuti zvisina musoro.
- Kutonga iwe kuzvikoshesa zvakanyanya pamusana pekukwanisa kwako kuedza nekuita izvi zvisingagumi zvepamusoro.
- Kuenderera mberi kunangwa nekuda kweiyo mitemo pasinei nemigumisiro yakaipa.
Vanhu vanogona kuratidza kutendeseka mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzehupenyu hwavo uye kwete mune vamwe. Semuenzaniso, vamwe vanhu vakakwana pamusoro pekuchikoro kana basa, asi kwete kumativi emisha yavo. Vamwe vanogona kunge vakakwana pane zvavanenge vachiita, asi kwete nezvechikoro kana basa ravo. Nzvimbo dzakananga dzekutendeseka dzakaratidzwa mumabhuku dzinosanganisira:
- Kuita pabasa kana kuchikoro
- Swedera pedyo nehukama
- Kufarira uye kutamba
- Neatness uye aesthetics
- Sangano nekuraira
- Kunyora
- Kutaura
- Chimiro
- Utano uye kuchena kwevanhu
Vanhu vane unhu hwakanaka vanobatana mune dzimwe dzidziso dzinochengetedza dzidziso dzavo dzisina kukwana. Kuzvibata kwakakwana kunosanganisira zvinhu zvose zvaungaita uye zvinhu zvaunogona kudzivisa kuita.
Zvinyorwa izvo zvakakwana zvinogona kuita zvinosanganisira:
- Kuongorora zvakanyanya
- Kunyanyisa kuronga
- Kunyoresa
- Kururamisa vamwe
Mukuwedzera, vanhu vazhinji vane unhu hwakakwana vanodzivisa kuita zvimwe zvinhu kunze kwekutya kuti havazokwanisi kuita zvavanoda. Mienzaniso yekudzivisa maitiro kunosanganisira:
- Kupa zvakare nokukurumidza
- Kunyunyuta
- Kudzivisa mabasa
- Kukundikana kugovera
- Kufungidzira
Vanhu vazhinji vane kliniki yekutendeseka vanoona kuti inoshungurudza ukama hwavo hwehukama, hutano hwepfungwa, uye / kana hutano hwepanyama.
Ukama hwakakwana hwehukama nekudya kunetseka
Kutadza kukwana uye kushungurudzika kwekudya kunoratidzika kunge kwakabatana, asi chinokonzera hachisi pachena - hatizivi kana imwe inotungamirira kune imwe kana inouya pakutanga. Imwe tsvakurudzo inoratidza kuti vanhu vane zvinetso zvekudya uye kukwana kwakakwana zvinowanzoratidza unhu hwakakwana musati matambudziko avo ekudya akatanga. Zvimwe zvitsvakurudzo zvakaratidza kuti unhu hwakakwana hwakaramba huri mune vanhu vane zvinetso zvekudya kunyange mushure mokunge vadzikinurwa. Zvisinei, Bardone-Cone uye vaaishanda navo vakawana kuti kana pane tsanangudzo yakawanda yezvokudya zvirwere zvakagadziriswa zvakashandiswa, kukwana kwezviratidzo kwakaderedzwa kuva mazinga akafanana neaya anowanikwa mune varwere vasina zvinetso zvekudya.
Ava vanotsvakurudza vanonyora kuti, "Kubva panoona, kupindira uye / kana zviitiko zvinobatsira kuderedza kukwana kwakakwana kunogona kuva chinhu chinokosha pakuita zvizere zvekugoneka. Zvisinei, zvinogona zvakare kuti kurongeka kwemashure kunopindurwa, nekuwana zvakakwana kudya chirwere chekurarama (pamwe nekudya chirwere chechirwere zviratidzo mumatunhu akafanana neavo vasina nhoroondo yehutano hwekudya) ndiyo yakabvumira kusununguka kwehutsika hwakakwana uye mafungiro. "
Clinical perfectionism inorondedzerwa seimwe yezvinhu zvina zvinokosha zvinochengetedza zvirwere zvekudya, maererano na Fairburn, munyori we CBT-E. Kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti kukwana kwakabatana nehurombo hwehurombo pashure pokunge apinda kune anorexia nervosa uye nekurasikirwa kwekurapa.
Kurapa
Kana kusununguka kwekutendeseka kunobatanidza nehuwandu hwakazara hwekudya kwehutano hunoona, hunofanirwa kutarisirwa panguva yekurapa. Zvizhinji zvekutsvakurudza kwekurapa kwekutendeseka kwakanyanya kufunga nezvekufunga kwehutano hwehutano (CBT). CBT kurapwa kwekutendeseka yakaratidzwa kuva kubudirira mukuderedza kuderedzwa kwehutano pakati pevarwere nevasina simba. Yakaratidzawo kuti inoderedza zviratidzo zvekushaya zvirwere uye zviratidzo zvevamwe zvinetso zvinosanganisira kuora mwoyo uye kuzvidya mwoyo.
CBT kurapwa kwekutendeseka kunosanganisira zvinopesana nemafungiro asina kukwana akadai se -kana-asina-kufunga uye "anofanirwa" kutaura. Inosanganisira kuziva kudarika uye kuwirirana. Varwere vanodzidzawo kuedza kutendeseka kwekutenda kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwezviito zvekuita. Somuenzaniso, murwere anotenda kuti aizonyara kuva neshamwari kunze kwekuti imba yake yakakwana uye yakanatswa zvachose inogona kuedza kuva neshamwari kana zvinhu zvisiyiwa kunze kwenzvimbo. Muteereri anogona kuedza kutenda kuti anofanira kugara achibudirira nekugadzirisa nguva yekugara mupaki nevanhu-tarisa.
Kuva nechinetso nekutendeseka kwakafanana nekuva ne "phobia" yekusakwana-iwe unotya kukanganisa. Kurapa kwechiitiko ichi saka kunosanganisira kuburitswazve pamamiriro ezvinhu mausingaiti kuita zvakakwana. Mienzaniso yekuita zvinhu zvinogona kusanganisira:
- Kusvika nguva yekupedzisira
- Kutumira e-mail iyo inosanganisira spelling kana grammatical kukanganisa
- Kutaura mumusangano uye kurasikirwa nechitima chako chepfungwa
- Kukumbira rubatsiro muchitoro
- Kupa shanduko isina kukodzera kana uchibhadharira chimwe chinhu
Nokufamba kwenguva, nekudzokororazve, varwere vanoziva kuti zvakachengeteka kuti vasunungure mitemo yavo uye kuti hapana chinotyisa chinoitika pavanoita. Chinangwa ndechekudziridza hutano hune hutano hwakanaka.
Kurapa Kunondibatsira Here?
Kuve nekubatana pakati pekutendeseka nekusawirirana kwekudya, zvinogona kubatsira kubvuma uye kugadzirisa kukanganisa mukati mako kana mudiwa. Izvi zvinotevera mibvunzo inoratidzwa nomumwe wevatungamiri vekutsvaga pamusoro pekutendeseka (Antony, 2015) kuti aone kana munhu angada rubatsiro rwekutendeseka:
- Ko mitemo yangu yakakwirira kune yevamwe vanhu here?
- Ndiri kukwanisa kusangana nemitemo yangu here? Ndinonyanya kutsamwa kana ndisingasviki zvandinoda here?
- Vamwe vanhu vanogona kuzadzisa mitemo yangu here? Ndinonyanya kutsamwiswa here kana vamwe vasingasviki nemitemo yangu?
- Ko mitemo yangu inondibatsira kuti ndiite zvinangwa zvangu here kana kuti ivo vanopinda munzira (semuenzaniso, nokuita kuti ndinetseke kana kunyadziswa kana mitemo yangu isati yasangana; nokuita kuti ndiwane basa shoma rakaitwa, nezvimwewo)?
- Ndezvipi zvaizova zvakakosha zvekuzorora musimboti chaiwo kana kusazvidza murairo wandinayo?
- Ndezvipi zvaizova zvikomborero zvekuzorodza mimwe mitemo kana kusazvidza murairo wandinayo?
In Summary
Kana iwe kana munhu waunoda ane chirwere chekudya chinoratidza zviratidzo zvekunakisisa, unogona kutsvaka rubatsiro rwezviratidzo izvi kunze kwekutsvaga kurapwa kwechirwere chekudya. Kubudirira CBT purogiramu yekuzvibatsira yekutendeseka inosanganisira bhuku rinonzi When Perfect Is not Good Enough and Perfectionism in Perspective, bhuku rebhuku rekushandisa rinowanikwa paIndaneti.
> Sources
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