Kunyange zvazvo pane kusagadzikana pamusoro pekunzwisisa pfungwa yechichichiphrenia , zvinowanzobvumiranwa kuti schizophrenia ndiyo inoratidzirwa nehutano hwepfungwa. Zvinorevei ndezvokuti varwere vanorwara schizophrenia vane ruzivo rwakakosha uye mafungiro uye, semugumisiro, vane zviyero zvakasiyana zvekuremara kwepfungwa.
Pamugumo mumwe wemasikirwo, maonero mashomanana ndeokuti schizophrenia inzvimbo yekuvaka vanhu, chibereko chemitemo yezvetsika uye zvinotarisirwa kune munhu asina kufanana.
Mhedziso yakawanda, zvisinei, iyo yakabatwa nenyanzvi dzehutano hwepfungwa, ndeyokuti schizophrenia chirwere chepfungwa nehupenyu hwehupenyu; saizvozvowo, nemaonero akafanana nezvimwe zvirwere zvehutano. Zvisinei, nyanzvi dzinopesana nedzimwe schizophrenia kuva mutezo unobatana (lumpers) asi zvinopesana nezvinetso zvakasiyana zvinongorongedzwa zviri pasi peboka rimwe (splitters).
Muchikamu chino, tichakurukura kukurudzirwa kwepfungwa uye hukuru hwehuwandu, huwandu hwekuona schizophrenia. Kukurukurirana kwevanopesana nemapfungwa ekuona schizophrenia kuchava nyaya yeimwe nyaya.
Schizophrenia kana Schizophrenias?
Icho schizophrenia zvinetso chikamu chemaitiro akafanana (mharidzo dzakasiyana dzechinhu chimwechete - ONE schizophrenia) kana musanganiswa wezvikwata zvakasiyana-siyana zvinongowanikwa chete zvakasiyana (zviratidzo zvakasiyana zvezvinhu zvakasiyana-schizophrenias)?
Kuti tipindure mubvunzo uyu tichadzokorora kufambira mberi kwezvakaitika zvechirevo chechichichiphrenia.
- 1852, Rouen, France : Bénédict Morel, chiremba wechiFrance uye mutungamiriri wekuchengetedzwa kwepfungwa kuSaint-Yon muRuen, akabudisa rugwaro rwake rwekutanga rweEtudes cliniques (1852; "Clinical Studies"), kwaive kokutanga munhoroondo yepfungwa dzepfungwa, izwi rokuti demoin precoce ( prementia isati yasvika ) rinoshandiswa kurondedzera mishonga yekliniki yeboka revechidiki vaduku vane mafungiro ekusavhiringidzika uye dambudziko rese rekuda. Kudzoka munguva yaMorel, zvisinei, pfungwa yekushaya pfungwa kwemweya yakave nechinangwa chakasiyana kupfuura nhasi. Chokutanga, haina kureva nzira isingagumi uye isingakanganwiki; chepiri; hazvina kureva kuti zvinetso zvekufunga (semuenzaniso zvinetso mumamiriro ekuyeuka, kutarisa, kufunga, kugadzirisa matambudziko) zvaivepowo. Kutaura zvazviri, kudarika kwaMorel kusati kwatanga kuongorora kunoratidzika kuti hakufambidzani zvakanaka neKraepelin dementia praecox , iyo yakatotanga kunyanya kuongorora schizophrenia.
- 1891, Prague, Austro-Hungarian Empire : Kutanga kushandiswa kwezwi rokuti dementia praecox naArnold Pick, muchechi wezvechirwere weCzech, uye chiremba wepfungwa uyo anorondedzera murwere ane kliniki hurukuro yakaenderana nezvingazoonekwa zvino sechirwere chepfungwa.
- 1893, Heidelberg, Germany : Emil Kraepelin anofambira mberi kwepfungwa dzepfungwa. Kraepelin inobva pakubatanidza zvirwere zvepfungwa zvichibva pakufananidza kwepamusoro pakati pezviratidzo zvikuru zvekugadzirisa zvirwere zvepfungwa zvichibva pane zvavanenge vachiita pane nguva. Kubva pane imwe nzira, anosiyanisa chirwere chema demeca , neyekusingaperi uye inoramba iripo kubva pakuora mwoyo kwevanhu, nekwenyendo. Nhoroondo, Kraepelin pakutanga akatoitawo kuti chirwere chekushaya pfungwa chinonzi praecox (chigaro chinotungamira schizophrenia) chichibva pakudengenyeka kwevanhu paranoides nekatatonia . Kraepelin akatanga sechaparadzana, pakuti akatsigira maonero kuti izvo zvakanga zvakasiyana-siyana. Gare gare, zvisinei, Kraepelin anoshandura kune chiremera, pakuti anounganidza mharidzo dzakasiyana se "makiriniki maitiro" echikonzero chimwe chete chirwere: dementia praecox.
- 1907, Zürich, Switzerland : Eugen Bleuler mari iyo izwi schizophrenia uye rinotsanangura zvakasiyana zvinyorwa zvechirwere, zvichiratidza kuti schizophrenia 'haisi chirwere nenzira yakasimba, asi inoratidzika seboka rezvirwere. Nokudaro, tinofanira kutaura nezvechichipiphrenias muchizhinji. Zvechokwadi, kuparadzanisa.
- Muzana remakumi maviri nemakumi maviri emakore apfuura : Kune zvikamu zvina zvakakosha zvezviratidzo izvo nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinobvumirana dzinowanikwa mune schizophrenia: zviratidzo zvakanaka, zviratidzo zvisingaiti, zviratidzo zvekuziva, uye zviratidzo zvepfungwa. Chinhu chakanaka uye chisina kunaka schizophrenia uye kukanganisa uye kusina kukwana schizophrenia zvakasarudzirwa sasizofrenia dzakasiyana. I "lumpers" inotaura kuti izvi zvose zviratidzo kana mhando, pasinei nekusiyana kwekuratidzwa, nguva pamusoro penguva, uye kupindura kwemishonga, zviripo zvakasiyana-siyana zvechimwe chinhu chinowanzoita chisingaoneki chinenge chiri chimiro (asi chichigadziriswa) chechichichiphrenia. Kune rumwe rutivi, "vakaparadzanisa" ndeyekufunga kuti zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinorondedzera zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvekliniki; saka, schizophrenias kusingapesana neschizophrenia zviri nani inotsanangura zvinhu chaizvo zvekusiyana kwekutaura, nzira, kufungidzira, uye kupindura kurapwa kwemapoka akasiyana evarwere. I DSM III kune IV R maitiro ekugadzirisa akaparadzaniswa pakati pemarudzi mashanu akasiyana-siyana e schizophrenia: paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, resisial, uye zvisina kufanirwa - mamwe maonero ekuparadzanisa schizophrenia.
Iyo Inotitungamirira Kusvikira Iye zvino
Ivo DSM V vakasiya zvose schizophrenia subtypes sechinhu chisina kunyatsozivikanwa pamusoro pekurapa mazano kana kuti kufanotaura kwemhinduro yekurapa Zvisinei, izvi hazviratidzi kuti ndiyo mhinduro yekupedzisira kumakakatanwa ekuparadzanisa. Nezivo yakawedzerwa pamusoro pezvakasiyana-siyana mumararamiro mumararamiro uye kufambira mberi mune mishonga inorwara nehutano, zvinogona kuti pendulum inogona kudzokera shure kune maonero ekuparadzanisa munguva yemberi.