IEight Eight Mafungiro eHutungamiri
Utungamiri dzidziso dzinotsvaga kutsanangura kuti nei uye sei vamwe vanhu vave vatungamiri. Mafungiro akadaro anowanzotarisa pamusoro pehutano hwevatungamiri, asi vamwe vanoedza kutarisa maitiro ayo vanhu vanogona kutora kuti vavandudze humwe hutungamiri mano avo mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana.
Nhaurirano dzepakutanga pamusoro pepfungwa yehutungamiri kazhinji dzakaratidza kuti unyanzvi hwakadaro hwaingova mano evanhu akazvarwa nawo.
Dzimwe dzidziso dzenguva pfupi dzinofunga kuti kune vane humwe unhu hunogona kubatsira kuti vanhu vave vatungamiri vezvisikwa, asi izvo zviitiko uye zvipimo zvezvemamiriro ezvinhu zvinotambawo basa rinokosha.
Kunyatsoongorora Utungamiri Mazano
Sezvo kufarira mune zvepfungwa yehutungamiri kwawedzera pamusoro pemakore zana apfuura, nhamba dzakasiyana dzedzidziso dzeutungamiri dzakatangwa kuti dzitsanangure kuti sei uye nei vamwe vanhu vachiva vatungamiri vakuru.
Chii chinonyatsoita mutungamiri mukuru? Iwe humwe unhu hunhu hunoita kuti vanhu vakwanise kukodzera kumabasa ekutungamirira, kana kuti zvii zvemamiriro acho anoita kuti zvive nyore kuti vamwe vanhu vachatora? Apo patinotarisa vatungamiri vakatipoteredza - kuva muvakidzani vedu kana Mutungamiri - tinogona kuzviwana tichizvinetseka chaizvo kuti nei vanhu ava vakakurumbira munzvimbo dzakadaro.
Vanhu vave vaine nguva refu vachifarira hutungamiri munyika yose yevanhu, asi yakangove ichangobva kuitika kuti nhamba dzakawanda dzehutungamiri hwetungamiri dzakabuda.
Kufarira muutungamiri kwakawedzera munguva yekutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Utungamiri hwekutanga hwehutungamiri hwakaratidza humwe unhu hunosiyana pakati pevatungamiri nevateveri, asi zvikamu zvakatevera zvinotarisa kune zvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvakadai semamiriro ezvinhu echimo uye mazinga ehutano. Kana uchida kuziva zvakawanda pamusoro pehutungamiri hwako hutsika, iyi mibvunzo inogona kukubatsira iwe kudzidza zvakawanda.
Nepo hutungamiri hwehutungamiri hwakasiyana hwakawanda hukavapo, vazhinji vanogona kuenzanisirwa seimwe yemasere makuru makuru:
1. "Munhu Mukuru" Mafungiro
Wati wambonzwa mumwe munhu akarondedzerwa se "akaberekwa kutungamira here?" Maererano nepfungwa iyi, vatungamiri vakuru vanongoberekwa nehumwe hunodiwa mukati maro secharisma, kuvimba, njere, uye ruzivo rwemagariro evanhu anovaita vatungamiri vakazvarwa.
Mafungiro makuru evanhu anofungidzira kuti simba reutungamiri nderimwe-vatungamiri vakuru vanozvarwa, vasina kuitwa. Izvi zvinyorwa zvinowanzoratidza vatungamiri vakuru semhare, zvinyengeri uye zvakagadzirirwa kusimudzirwa kune hutungamiri kana zvichidiwa. Izwi rokuti "Munhu Mukuru" raishandiswa nekuti, panguva iyoyo, hutungamiri hwaifungidzirwa zvikuru sehutano hwemurume, kunyanya maererano neutungamiri wemauto.
2. Maitiro eTsika
Saizvozvowo mune dzimwe nzira kumakurukota evanhu vakuru, mafungiro echokwadi anofunga kuti vanhu vanogara nhaka humwe unhu uye unhu hunoita kuti vakwanise zvakakwana kutungamiri. Maitiro edzidziso kazhinji anowanzoona humwe humwe humwe unhu hunoenderana nehutungamiri. Semuenzaniso, unhu hwakafanana nekutaura , kuzvidzora, uye ushingi zvose zvinhu hunogona kuenzaniswa nevatungamiriri vakuru.
Kana humwe unhu huri hukuru hwehutungamiri, zvino tinotsanangurire sei vanhu vane michi iyo asi havasi vatungamiriri?
Uyu mubvunzo ndeimwe yezvinetso pakushandisa maitiro ekutsanangurira hutungamiri. Kune vanhu vakawanda vane unhu hunoenderana neutungamiri, asi vazhinji vevanhu ava havatsvaki nzvimbo dzeutungamiri.
3. Zvisinganzwisisiki Zvinyorwa
Nzira dzisinganzwisisiki dzehutungamiri dzinotarisa pamhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakabatana nemhepo inogona kusarudza nzira ipi zvayo yeutungamiri inonyatsokodzera mumamiriro ezvinhu. Maererano nedzidziso iyi, hapana hutungamiri huri nani pane zvose.
Vatsvakurudzi vehutungamiri White uye Hodgson vanoratidza kuti hutungamiri hwechokwadi hwakanaka haisi kungova humwe hutsika hwemutungamiri, ndezvekurova kuenzana kwakakodzera pakati pemafambiro, zvido, uye chirevo.
Vatungamiri vakanaka vanogona kuongorora zvinodiwa nevateveri vavo, kutora mamiriro ezvinhu, ezvo vagadzirisa mafambiro avo maererano. Kubudirira kunoenderana nenhamba yezvimwe zvinosanganisira kushandiswa kweutungamiri, unhu hwevateveri uye zviitiko zvemamiriro acho ezvinhu.
4. Mamiriro ehutano
Mamiriro ezvinhu ehutano anotaura kuti vatungamiri vanosarudza nzira yakanakisisa yekuita zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu emamiriro ezvinhu. Mararamiro akasiyana ehutungamiri angave akakodzera kune mamwe marudzi ekuita-chisarudzo. Semuenzaniso, mumamiriro ezvinhu apo mutungamiri ndiye nhengo yakangwara uye ine ruzivo rweboka, unyanzvi hwekutonga hunogona kunge hwakakodzera. Mune zvimwe zviitiko apo nhengo dzeboka dziri nyanzvi dzeyanyanzvi, chimiro chema democracy chinogona kuva chinoshanda.
5. Dzidziso dzekuita
Maitiro ehutungamiri hwehutungamiri anobva pakutenda kuti vatungamiriri vakuru vanoitwa, kwete kuberekwa. Funga nezvazvo flip-side yeGreat Man nhoroondo. Yakadzika midzi muhutungamiri, hutungamiri hwehutungamiri hunotarisa pamusoro pezviito zvevatungamiri, kwete paunhu hwepfungwa kana huri mukati. Maererano nedzidziso iyi, vanhu vanogona kudzidza kuva vatungamiri kuburikidza nekudzidzisa nekucherechedza.
6. Dzidziso dzekubatana
Utungamiri hunobatanidzwa hwemashoko hunoratidza kuti hutungamiri hutsika hwakanaka humwe hunotora maonero evamwe mukufunga. Vatungamiri ava vanokurudzira kutora pamwe uye zvipo zvinobva kune nhengo dzeboka uye kubatsira masangano evanhu kuti anzwe zvakakosha uye akazvipira pakuita sarudzo. Mune dzidziso dzakabatanidzwa, zvisinei, mutungamiri anochengetedza kodzero yekubvumira kuwanikwa kwevamwe.
7. Kutungamira Mafungiro
Kutungamira mazano, anozivikanwawo sekutengesa zvidzidzo , inotarisa pane basa rekutarisa, sangano uye boka rekushanda. Aya mazano anotsigira hutungamiri pane imwe nzira yemubairo uye kurangwa. Kutarisira masayendisiti anowanzoshandiswa mune bhizinesi; apo vashandi vari kubudirira, vanopiwa mubayiro; apo pavanokundikana, vanorangwa kana kurangwa. Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro penyaya dzeutungamiri hwekutengesa .
8. Kukurukurirana
Ukama hweshamwari, inozivikanwawo sekushandura pfungwa, inofunga nezvekubatana kwakaumbwa pakati pevatungamiri nevateveri. Vatungamiri vekutendeuka vanokurudzira nekufuridzira vanhu nekubatsira nhengo dzeboka kuti dzione kukosha uye dzakakwirira zvakanaka zvebasa racho. Vatungamiri ava vanofunga nezvekushanda kwemapoka eboka, asiwo vanoda kuti munhu wese azadzise zvaanogona. Vatungamiri vane chimiro ichi vanowanzova nemitemo yakanaka yezvetsika uye tsika.
Shoko Rinobva
Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekufunga pamusoro pehutungamiri, kubva pakutarisa kune unhu hune hutungamiri hwakakura hwokusimbisa zviitiko zvemamiriro ezvinhu anobatsira kutsanangura kuti vanhu vanotungamira sei. Kufanana nezvinhu zvakawanda, hutungamiri inyaya yakasiyana-siyana uye ine musanganiswa wezvinhu zvakawanda zvinobatsira kuziva kuti nei vamwe vanhu vachiva vatungamiriri vakuru. Dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pezvimwe zvezvinhu zvinoita kuti vatungamiri vakasimba ndeimwe nzira yekugona kuvandudza unyanzvi hwako pachako.
> Kwakabva:
> Gill, R. (2011). Dzidziso uye tsika dzeutungamiri. London: SAGE Mabhuku.