Kunyatsoongorora Zimbardo's Infamous Prison Study
Muna 1971, nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Firipi Zimbardo nevamwe vaaishanda navo vakagadzirira kuumba chiedza chakatarisa kuitika kwekuva musungwa kana kurinda mujeri. Ichizivikanwa seStanford Prison Testing, chidzidzo chakaenderera mberi kuva chimwe chezvinyanya kuzivikanwa munhoroondo yepfungwa.
Zimbardo, aimbova mukirasi weStanley Milgram (uyo anozivikanwa zvikuru nokuda kwekuzvidzivirira kwake mukurumbira, aifarira kuwedzera pakuongorora kwaMilgram.
Aida kutsvaga zvakanyanya kuchinja kwemamiriro ezvinhu emamiriro ehupenyu hwevanhu.
Vatsvakurudzi vaida kuziva kuti vatori vechikamu vaizoita sei kana vaiswa mune imwe nzvimbo yejeri yakafanana.
"Ngatiti iwe waive nevana chete avo vaigara vane utano hwakanaka, mupfungwa uye mumuviri, uye vaiziva kuti vaizoenda mune imwe nzvimbo yejeri uye kuti dzimwe kodzero dzavo dzevanhu dzichapiwa. nzvimbo-yaizoita kunaka kwavo kukunda? " akati Zimbardo mune imwe hurukuro.
Vadzidzi
Vatsvakurudzi vakagadzira jeri rinoseka muchitsime cheStartford University chivako chepfungwa uye vakasarudza makumi maviri nevadzidzi vepasi pedo kuti vaite mabasa evose vasungwa nevarindi. Vadzidzi vacho vakasarudzwa kubva kune boka guru revanhu vanozvipira makumi manomwe nekuda kwekuti vakanga vasina mhosva yemhosva, vasina nharo dzepfungwa, uye vakanga vasina hutano hwakakosha.
Vazvipiri vakabvuma kutora chikamu panguva imwe chete kusvika kwemavhiki maviri vachitengesa $ 15 pazuva.
Kuisa uye Nzira
Ijeri rakagadzirwa raisanganisira zvitatu nhanhatu nemapfumbamwe mapfumbamwe ejeri masero.
Sero rimwe nerimwe rakabata vasungwa vatatu uye raisanganisira zvidimbu zvitatu. Mamwe makamuri kubva kumasero akashandiswa kuvarindi vejeri uye mutariri.
Imwe nzvimbo duku yakasarudzwa seimba yega yevasungwa, asi imwe imwe duku duku yakashanda sejeri jeri.
Vaya vanozvipira makumi maviri nemaviri vakabva vaendeswa kune rimwe boka revasungwa kana boka revarindi. Vasungwa vaifanira kuramba vari mujeri rinoseka maawa makumi maviri nezuva pazuva. Varindi vakagoverwa kushanda mumapoka matatu-varume kwemaawa masere ochinja. Mushure mokuchinja kwega rimwe nerimwe, varindi vakabvumirwa kudzokera kumisha yavo kusvikira vashandura. Vatsvakurudzi vakakwanisa kuona maitiro evasungwa nevarindi vachishandisa makamera akavanzika uye maikorofoni.
Mhinduro dzeStanford Prison Testment
Apo sangano reStanford Prison raiva pakutanga rakarongedzerwa kupedza mazuva 14, raifanira kumira mushure mematanhatu chete nekuda kwezvakanga zvichiitika kune vadzidzi vatori vechikamu. Varindi vakashandura, uye vasungwa vakatanga kuratidza zviratidzo zvekunyanyisa kunetseka nekuzvidya mwoyo.
Apo vasungwa nevarindi vaibvumirwa kusangana nenzira ipi neipi yavaida, kushamwaridzana kwaiva nechishuvo kana kunyadzisa. Varindi vakatanga kuzvibata nenzira dzakanga dzakashata uye dzishungurudza kune vasungwa apo vasungwa vakava vasina kufara uye vakaora mwoyo. Vashanu vevasungwa vakatanga kusangana nemanzwiro akaipa, kusanganisira kuchema uye kushungurudzika kwakanyanya uye aifanira kusunungurwa kubva pakudzidza kare.
Kunyange vatsvakurudzi pachavo vakatanga kutadza kuona zviripo mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Zimbardo, uyo akaita semutariri wejeri, akanganwa tsika dzisina kunaka dzevarindi vejeri kusvika mudzidzi wepachikoro Kristuina Maslach akataura zvinopesana nemamiriro ezvinhu mujeri rakagadziriswa uye tsika dzekuenderera mberi kuedza.
"Vanhu vashomanana chete ndivo vakakwanisa kudzivisa miedzo yekuzviisa simba uye kukurudzira pavanenge vachiita chimwe chimiro chetsika nemafungiro; pachena, ini ndakanga ndisi pakati peboka rakanaka," Zimbardo akazonyora mubhuku rake rinonzi Lucifer Effect .
Chii Chigumisiro Chekuongorora kweStanford Prison Kunoreva?
Maererano naZimbardo nevamwe vake, Stanford Prison Experiment inoratidzira basa rakasimba iyo mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kutarisa mukubata kwevanhu.
Nokuti varindi vakaiswa munzvimbo yechiremera, vakatanga kuzvibata munzira dzavasingawanzoita muupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva kana mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Vakasungwa, vakaiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu apo vakanga vasina kutonga kwechokwadi, vakava vasingatauri uye vakaora mwoyo.
Mhosva dzeStanford Prison Experiment
Shanduro yeStanford Prison Inowanzotaurirwa semuenzaniso wekutsvakurudza kwakaipa. Kuedza hakukwanisi kudzokororwa nevatsvakurudzi nhasi nokuti inokundikana kugadzirisa mitemo yakagadzirwa nemitemo yakawanda yemitemo, kusanganisira Ethics Code yeAmerican Psychological Association . Zimbardo anobvuma zvinetso zvetsika pamwe nekudzidza, zvichiratidza kuti "kunyange zvazvo takapedza kudzidza kwevhiki pasati yataronga, hatina kugumisa pakarepo."
Vamwe vatsoropodzi vanoratidza kuti chidzidzo chacho hachikwanisi kuwanikwa nekuda kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Muenzaniso usingabvumirwi wevatori vechikamu (kunyanya vatsvene nevakati vepakati-vevarume) kunoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kushandisa mhinduro kune vanhu vakawanda.
Chidzidzo chacho chakatsoropodzwawo nokuda kwekushaikwa kwayo kwezvakanaka. Kunyange zvazvo vatsvakurudzi vakaita zvose zvavanogona kuti vadzokerezve mujeri, hazvisi nyore kuti titevedze zvakakwana zvose zvezvakatipoteredza uye zvemamiriro ezvinhu ehupenyu hwejeri.
Pasinei nedzimwe dzekutsoropodza, Stanford Prison Experiment inoramba iri chidzidzo chinokosha pakunzwisisa kwedu kuti mamiriro ezvinhu angakanganisa sei maitiro evanhu. Chidzidzo ichi chave chichinyatsocherechedza mushure memashoko ehurumende yaAb Abu Ghraib kushungurudzwa muIraq yakazozivikanwa. Vanhu vakawanda, kusanganisira Zimbardo pachake, vanoratidza kuti kushungurudzwa kwaAb Abu Ghraib kunogona kuva mienzaniso chaiyo yepasi yemigumisiro yakafanana yakaonekwa muZimbardo.
Shanduro yeStanford Prison Kuedza: Makore makumi mana gare gare
Muna 2011, Stanford Alumni Magazine yakaratidza kushamisika kunofadza kweStanford Prison Testement yakakurumbira mukuremekedzwa kwekuedza kwemakore makumi mana. Nyaya yacho yaiva neongororo yevanhu vanoverengeka vaibatanidzwa mukuedza, kusanganisira Zimbardo nevamwe vatsvakurudzi pamwe nevamwe vevatori vechikamu mukudzidza.
Richard Yacco aiva mumwe wevasungwa mukuedza uye iye zvino anoshanda semudzidzisi wekuchikoro. Akapa mamwe mazano anofadza mune zvakaitika kwaari:
"Chimwe chinhu chandaifunga chaifadza pamusoro pekuedza kwacho ndechekuti, kana iwe uchifunga kuti vanhu vakakurudzira iwe basa, zvino iwe unofunga nezvemhando yebasa iro here?" Ndinodzidzisa pane mukati meguta chikoro chesekondari muWakland. ndinofanira kuedza kuburikidza nekuedza kupupurira zvinhu zvinotyisa.Asi chii chinoodza mwoyo vandinoshanda navo neni ndechokuti tiri kuumba mikana yakawanda yevana ava, tinovatsigira zvikuru, nei vasingabatsiri? Chikoro Sei vachiuya kuchikoro vasina kugadzirira? Ndinofunga kuti chikonzero chikuru ndizvo zvinoratidzwa nejeri - vanowira munharaunda iyo vanhu vavo vakavaitira.
Kubatanidzwa muStanford Prison Kuedza chinhu chandingashandisa nekugovana nevadzidzi. Iyi yaiva yevhiki rimwechete yehupenyu hwangu pandakanga ndichiri kuyaruka uye zvakadaro pano, makore makumi mana gare gare, uye ichiri chimwe chinhu chakanga chine zvakawanda zvakagadzirisa hurumende iyo vanhu vachiri kufarira nayo. Iwe hauzive kuti chii chaunenge uchizobatanidzwa mune icho chichava nguva yekujekesa muupenyu hwako. "
Muna 2015, kuedza kwakazova hurukuro yefirimu yainzi The Stanford Prison Experiment iyo yakaratidza zviitiko zvekudzidza muna 1971. Iwe unogona kutarisa rerailer yepamutemo yefirimu pano.
Sources:
Kubvunzurudza naFiripi Zimbardo. Mutendi . Yakawanikwa paIndaneti pa http://www.believermag.com/issues/200909/?read=interview_zimbardo
Kuedza kweStanford Prison: Chidzidzo chekufananidza cheSpychology of Imprisonment Inotorwa kuStanford University. Yakawanikwa paIndaneti pana http://www.prisonexp.org/
Zimbardo, P. (2007). Mufaro waLucifer: Kunzwisisa kuti vanhu vakanaka vanochinja sei zvakaipa. New York, NY: Random House.