Painkillers, Stimulants and Depressants
Kana chiremba kana kupfuura-the-counter mishonga inotorwa nokuda kwechikonzero chekurapa, inogona kubudisa hutano hwakakomba hwehutano, kusanganisira kusvuta, kuvimba, kudarika, uye kufa. Vamwe varwere vanogona kuva vanovimba nemishonga kunyange kana vakatorwa sezvinorayirwa, nekuda kwemhando yemishonga iyi.
Nhamba yevanhu vakave vakapindwa muropa nemishonga yemishonga muUnited States yakasvibiswa nehuwandu hwehutachiona, maererano nevakuru vakuru veCenters for Disease Control and Prevention.
Nhamba yevanhu vanofa gore negore kubva pakuwedzereka kwepamhanho yakawedzera pamwero unotyisa, uchikwira kubva 4,000 pagore kusvika 14,800 pagore pamusoro pemakore gumi.
Ipi mishonga inokonzera ichi chiitiko chinowedzera mukudhakwa nekufa kwekufa kwevakafa? Kune mishonga yakasiyana yakasiyana-siyana inogona kushandiswa zvisina kunaka, asi mishonga inowanzoshandiswa zvikuru ndeyekuti:
Opioids
Opioids, masikirwo ezvakagadzirwa uye mashizha ayo anonyanya kutaurwa nokuda kwekununurwa kwemarwadzo, anogona kuva akachengeteka uye akanyatsobudirira kana akatorwa sezvakanyorwa. Kune varwere vane kukuvadzwa, kupora kubva pakuvhiyiwa, kana nekurwadziwa kusingaperi, vanogona kushandiswa kugona kubudirira kurwadziwa.
Asi painkillers - akadai se hydrocodone (Vicodin), oxycodone (Percocet), morphine, fentanyl, uye codeine - ndiyo mishonga inonyanya kushandiswa mune zvinodhaka muU.S.
Opioids inowanzotorwa nemuromo uye yakawanda yayo, yakadai sokugadzirwa kwemweya ye oxycodone ( oxycontin ), inotarisirwa kuva nguva-yakabudiswa zvinodhaka.
Asi mapiritsi anogona kudzvinyirirwa uye pfupa inoguma inogona kudonhedzwa kana kuvharwa, zvichiita kuti kusunungurwa kwakakurumidza kwechirwere muitiro.
Ndiko kushandiswa kweipioid kunogona kuva nengozi, apo kuwedzerwa kwepamusoro kudarika kudiwa kunosunungurwa muropa, kuunza kukurumidza kuvimba nemishonga uye mune zvimwe zviitiko zvinokonzera kufa kwevanhu vakawanda.
Inogonawo kunge ine ngozi zvikuru kana inotorwa nedoro, antihistamines, barbiturates, kana benzodiazepines.
Zvinokurudzira
Zvinokurudzira , zvakadai saAdderall, Dexedrine, uye Ritalin, zvinowanzotarisirwa kuwedzera kuchenjerera, kutarira, uye simba. Pakutanga, ivo vakanyorerwa vanachiremba nezvehutano hwakasiyana-siyana, asi sezvo sarudzo yavo yekushungurudzwa uye kusagadzikana kwakazozivikanwa, kushandiswa kwavo kwakanyanyiswa.
Iye zvino, zvinokurudzira zvinorayirwa kunyanya pakurapa ADHD nekushaikwa kwehope, pamwe nekuwedzera kuoderedza zvinodhaka.
Kana uchishungurudzwa, zvinokurudzira zvinowanzotorwa nemuromo, asi vamwe vashandisi vachapedza mapiritsi mumvura uye edza kuvhara musanganiswa. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko emasumbu.
Kune ngozi dzakawanda dzehutano dzinobatanidza nekushungurudza kunotyisa. Izvi zvinonyanya kuwirirana nemwoyo yevasimba, kusanganisira kukurumidza kana kusagadzikana kwepfungwa, kukonzerwa kweropa, uye kukanganisa kwemwoyo kana kukundikana. Ikoko kunogonawo kuva nekuita kwakakomba kwepfungwa kwekukurudzira kushandiswa.
Kushandisa zvakanyanya kunogonawo kuva nengozi kana kusanganiswa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemishonga, kusanganisira zvimwe zvirwere zvinotapukisa uye mishonga inotonhora, iyo ine mahedheni. Kusanganiswa kunogona kukonzera kukwirira kukuru kweropa uye kusagadzikana kwemwoyo.
Vanodzvinyirira
Rimwe boka remishonga rinowedzera kuwedzera kwekufa kwevakawanda muUnited States is sedative-hypnotics. Kune marudzi akasiyana evanhu ava vanogona kushungurudzwa.
Zvinonyanya kuora mwoyo zvinodzvinyirira ndezvi:
Bharbiturates , dzakadai seMebaral uye Nembutal. Iyi mishonga yemishonga inoshandiswa seanesthetics, anti-seizure mishonga, uye yakamboshandiswa kushungurudza uye kurara. Tichifunga nezvezviitiko zvingangoita zvekuchengetedza uye kudarika zvinosanganiswa nemishonga iyi, zvisinei, kushandiswa kwavo muhope uye kuzvidya mwoyo kwave kuchigadziriswa ne benzodiazepines.
Benzodiazepines , yakadai saValium, Xanax, uye Klonopin, iyo inoshandiswa kurapa kushushikana, kugumburwa, uye kurara.
Imwe ngozi ye benzodiazepines ndiyo iyo inotorwa pamwe nemimwe mishonga inogona kukonzera kugona, kusanganisira doro, mishonga yemarwadzo emishonga, kana zvimwe zvinopfuura-in-cold uye mishonga yemishonga.
Kuwedzeredza kwezvinhu izvi zvinogona kukonzera kusaziva, kuporesa kupora, uye kufa.
Dextromethorphan (DXM)
Imwe yepamusoro-iyo-zvinodhaka zvinowanzoshungurudzwa, kunyanya nevechiri kuyaruka, ishizha yekukanganiswa uye caplets dzine dextromethorphan (DXM). Zvinoshandiswa sezvinorayirwa, mishonga iyi yekukanganiswa yakachengeteka uye inobudirira, asi mikana yavo yekushandiswa kwechisimba yakakura.
DXM inogona kubudisa maitiro akachinja-chinja akafanana neaya akabudiswa ne ketamine nePPP nokuti inobata nzvimbo dzakafanana dzeuropi. Asi kuitira kuti zvibudirire izvi, kuwandisa kwemishonga yekukanganiswa kunofanira kupedzwa.
Muchidimbu chikuru, mishonga inogona kukonzera kushungurudza uye kurutsira, kuwedzerwa kwepfungwa yemwoyo uye kuwedzerwa kweropa, uye kusina simba motokari basa. Mukuwedzerwa kwakawanda, mutachiona unogona kukura zvakanyanya kufema kuora mwoyo nekushayikwa kwekisijeni kuuropi.
Sources:
Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control uye Kudzivirira. "Kuwedzerwa kwePescription Opioid Pain Relievers --- United States, 1999--2008." 4 Nov. 2011.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. "Mashoko Enzaniso: Prescription uye Over-the-Counter Medication." June 2009.