Nyanzvi Dzinofungisisa Mafungiro Pamusoro Pokuti Sei Vanhu Vachirota
Kurota kwakashamisa mafilosofi kwezviuru zvemakore, asi munguva pfupi yapfuura zviroto zvakaiswa pasi pakutsvakurudza kwepamusoro uye kuongororwa kushandiswa kwesayenzi. Mikana ndeyokuti iwe kazhinji wakazviona uchinetseka pamusoro pezvisinganzwisisiki zvehuroto, kana kuti zvimwe wakambofunga kuti sei iwe uchirota zvachose.
Chokutanga, ngatitange nekupindura mubvunzo wekutanga.
Chii chinonzi Dream?
Kurota kunogona kusanganisira chero yemifananidzo, pfungwa, uye manzwiro anowanikwa panguva yokurara. Kurota kunogona kunge kwakanyatsojeka kana kusanzwisisike; vakazadzwa nemanzwiro anofara kana mifananidzo inotyisa; zvakananga uye zvinonzwisisika kana zvakajeka uye zvinokanganisa.
Saka isu isu tose tinorota, chii chiremba vezvepfungwa vanoti kutaura pamusoro pokuti nei tichirota? Ndezvipi zvinangwa zvinoshanda chaizvo?
Chinangwa Chipi Chiroto Chinoshumira?
Kunyange zvazvo dzakawanda dzidziso dzave dzichirongwa, hapana kubvumirana kumwe kwakavapo. Tichifunga nezvehuwandu hwenguva yatinopedza muhurota, chokwadi chokuti vatsvakurudzi vasati vachinzwisisa chinangwa cheroto dzingaita sechisina kunaka. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kufunga kuti sayenzi ichiri kuzarura chinangwa chaiyo uye basa rehope pacharo.
Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanotaura kuti kurota hakubatsiri chinangwa chaicho asi vamwe vanofunga kuti kurota kunokosha pakufunga, mupfungwa uye mumuviri zvakanaka.
Ernest Hoffman, mutungamiriri weThe Sleep Disorders Center kuNewton-Wellesley Hospital muBoston, Mass., Yakarondedzerwa muScientific American (2006) kuti "... zvinogona (kunyange zvisingaoneki zvichiratidzwa) basa reroto kuti rive zvinhu zvitsva mu iyo yekurangarira nzira nenzira iyo yose inoderedza kushushikana kwepfungwa uye inogadziriswa pakubatsira kutsungirira kuwedzera kushungurudzika kana zviitiko zvinoodza mwoyo. "
Zvadaro, ngationei zvakawanda pamusoro pezvimwe zvezvinyorwa zvakakurumbira zvendori.
Psychoanalytic Theory of Dreams
Yakabatana nemafungiro epfungwa , zvepfungwa dzaSagmund Freud dzekurota dzakaratidza kuti kurota kunomirira zvishuvo zvisina kufanira, pfungwa, uye zvinokurudzira. Maererano neFranud's psychoanalytic maonero ehupenyu, vanhu vanodzvinyirirwa nechisimba uye zvepabonde zvinodzokorora kubva pakuziva . Kunyange zvazvo pfungwa idzi dzisinganzwisisiki, Freud akarayira kuti vawane nzira yavo mukuziva kwedu kuburikidza nehope.
Mune bhuku rake rakakurumbira " The Interpretation of Dreams ," Freud akanyora kuti kurota uku "... kuzadzika kwakavanzika kwezvido zvekupindurwa."
Akatsanangurawo zvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana zvezviroto: zvinoratidza zviripo uye zvinyorwa zvishoma. Zvinonyatsogadzirwa zvinoumbwa nemifananidzo chaiyo, pfungwa, uye zviri mukati zviri mukati meroto apo zvinyorwa zvinotevera zvinomiririra pfungwa dzakachengetwa zvinoreva kurota.
Nhepfenyuro yaFeudud yakabatsira mukududzirwa kwechiroto dudziro , iyo inoramba ichizivikanwa nhasi. Zvisinei, kutsvakurudza kwakakundikana kuratidza kuti izvo zvinoratidzika zviripo zvinoshandura zvakakosha zvepfungwa zvekurota.
Kubata-Synthesis Model of Dreaming
Kuita -kushandiswa kwemuenzaniso wekurota kwakatanga kutanga kwakarongwa naJ.
Allan Hobson naRobert McClarley muna 1977. Maererano nedzidziso iyi, mativi europi anoshandiswa panguva yokurara kwe REM, izvo zvinokonzera nzvimbo dzechimbic system inobatanidzwa mumanzwiro, manzwiro, nekuyeuka, kusanganisira amygdala uye hippocampus , kuti iite basa. Uropi hunoita uye hunodudzira chiitiko ichi chemukati uye kuedza kuwana chinangwa mune izvi zviratidzo, izvo zvinoguma mukurota. Iyi mienzaniso inoratidza kuti kurota uku ndiko kududzirwa kwekutenderera kwezviratidzo zvinoumbwa neuropi panguva yehope.
Kunyange zvazvo chirevo ichi chichiratidza kuti kurota ndeye chikonzero chemashoko akawanikwa mukati, Hobson haatendi kuti kurota hakuna maturo.
Pane kudaro, anotaura kuti kurota ndeye "... yedu yakasikwa yakajeka, iyo iyo inokonzerwa nechishuvo, yekuzvidzivirira kwezvimwe zvezvinhu zvinokonzera kugadzirisa zvinokonzera ruzivo rwekugadzirisa kwemashoko: mazano matsva Kunyange zvazvo mazhinji kana kunyange akawanda aya mazano angave asina kunyanya, kana kunyange zvishomanana zvezvigadzirwa zvayo zvinoshandiswa zvakanyatsoshanda, nguva yedu yekurota haisati yasvikirwa. "
Information-Processing Theories
Imwe yenzira huru yekutsanangura chikonzero nei tarara ndeyekuti kurara kunotibvumira kusimbisa nekugadzirisa zvose zvese zvatakanyora munguva yegore rakapfuura. Vamwe varoti vadzidzisi vanotaura kuti kurota inongova chinhu-chigadzirwa kana kunyange chikamu chinoshingaira chekugadziriswa kwemashoko. Sezvatinotarisana nehuwandu hwemashoko uye zviyeuchidzo kubva masikati, pfungwa dzedu dzehope dzinoumba mifananidzo, manzwiro, uye nhoroondo kuti tishandise basa rose riri mukati memisoro yedu apo isu tarara.
Zvimwe Zvinyorwa Zvengirozi
Dzimwe dzakawanda dzidziso dzave dzakarongedzwa kuti iite nhoroondo yezviitiko uye zvinoreva kurota . Izvozvi zvinongova zvishomanana zvemashoko anotsanangurwa:
- Imwe nyanzvi inoratidzira kuti kurota ndeye chikonzero chehupenzi hwedu kuedza kududzira zvido zvekunze panguva yekurara. Semuenzaniso, inzwi reredhiyo rinogona kuiswa mumashoko eroto.
- Imwe nyanzvi inoshandisa mifananidzo yepakombiyuta kunhoroondo yezviroto. Maererano nedzidziso iyi, kurota kunobatsira 'kuchenesa' kusanganisa kubva mupfungwa, kufanana nekushanda-up mumakombiyuta, kunotsigira pfungwa yekugadzirira zuva raitevera.
- Asi imwe imwe muenzaniso inotaura kuti kurota kunoshanda sechimiro chepfungwa. Muchirevo ichi, muroti anokwanisa kuita kuwirirana pakati pemafungiro akasiyana nemanzwiro munzvimbo yakachengeteka.
- Chimiro chemazuva ano chekurota chinosanganisira zvimwe zvikamu zvezvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Kushandura uropi kunobatanidza kusabatana kwepfungwa pakati pemafungiro nemafungiro, ayo anotungamirirwa nemanzwiro emurota.
"Kurota ndiwo matonho evanhu vedu." - Henry David Thoreau
> Sources:
> Freud, S. Kududzirwa kwezviroto. 1900.
> Hobson, JA Kuziva. New York: Scientific American Library; 1999.
> Antrobus, J. Maitiro ezviroto. The Encyclopedia of Sleep and Dreaming. Gale Group; 1993.
> Evans, C. & Newman, E. Kurota: Chifananidzi kubva kumakombiyuta. New Scientist. 1964; 419, 577-579.
> Hartmann, E. Kugadzira kuwirirana munzvimbo yakachengeteka: Ari kurota psychotherapy here? Kurota. 1995; 5, 213-228.
> Hartman, E. Nei tichirota? Scientific American. 2006.