Munhu wose anoziva imwe yevanhu ivavo vanoda kuisa hutano hwavo uye hupenyu hwavo kubatsira vamwe. Chii chinoita kuti vanhu ava vape nguva yavo, simba, nemari yekuvandudza kwevamwe, kunyange kana vasingagamuchiri chinhu chaicho chinoonekwa?
Defining Altruism
Altruism ndeyekusava nehanya nevamwe vanhu; kuita zvinhu kungova nechido chekubatsira, kwete nokuti unonzwa uchisungirwa kubva kunze kwebasa, kuvimbika, kana zvikonzero zvechitendero.
Upenyu hwezuva nezuva hwakazadzwa nemabasa maduku okusazvikudza, kubva kumurume ari kuresitorendi uyo ane mutsa wakasununguka paunenge uchikurumidza kubva kubva pakapaka motokari kuenda kumukadzi uyo anopa madhigiri makumi maviri kumunhu asina pokugara.
Nhau dzakawanda dzinowanzotarisa pamatambudziko makuru ekuderedza, zvakadai semurume anoenda kune rimwe rwizi runopisa kuti anunure mutorwa anonyura kana kuti anopa zvipo anopa zviuru zvemadhora kune rudo rwekune imwe nzvimbo. Kunyange zvazvo tingave tichiziva kuzvikudza, masayendisiti ezvepabonde anofarira kunzwisisa kuti nei ichiitika. Chii chinokurudzira mabasa aya omutsa? Chii chinokurudzira vanhu kuisa upenyu hwavo pangozi kuchengetedza mutorwa wakakwana?
Prosocial Behavior uye Altruism
Altruism chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshandiswa mune zvemagariro evanhu vanofunga nezvehupenyu hwehupenyu . Utsika hwezvehutano hunoreva chero chiito chinobatsira vamwe vanhu, zvisinei kuti chinangwa chei kana kuti uyo anopa anopa sei kubasa. Yeuka, zvakadaro, kuti kusava nehanya kwakakwana kunosanganisira kusazvipira kwechokwadi.
Kunyange zvazvo zviito zvose zvisingabatsiri zvakagadzikana, hazviiti zvese zvekuita zvehutano zvisingatauriki zvachose. Somuenzaniso, tinogona kubatsira vamwe nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadai semhosva, kusungirwa, basa, kana kunyange nemubairo.
Nzira dzekuti nei kushamwaridzana kuripo
Nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzakarondedzera tsanangudzo dzakawanda dzakasiyana dzekuti nei kuve nechisimba kune, kusanganisira:
- Zvikonzero zvehupenyu. Kin sarudzo ndeyezvedzidziso yekushanduka-shanduka iyo inotsanangura kuti vanhu vanowanzobatsira avo vane ropa rehama nekuti ichawedzera maitiro ekutengesa mazita kumarudzi anotevera. Nzira iyi inoratidza kuti kuzvikudza kune hama dzepedyo zvinoitika kuitira kuve nekuenderera kwemajeni akagoverana. Kunyanya zvakanyanya vanhu vane ukama, vanhu vakawanda vanogona kubatsira.
- Neurological reasons. Altruism inobatsira mibairo muuropi. Neurobiologists vakaona kuti kana paine chiito chekuita zvinhu, nzvimbo dzinofadza dzeuropi dzinoshanda.
- Zvikonzero zvepanyika. Kuongorora kwechangobva kuStanford kunoratidza kuti kushamwaridzana kwedu uye hukama hwevamwe zvine simba guru pakuzvibata.
- Maitiro evanhu. Mitemo yeSosaiti, mitemo, uye zvinotarisirwa zvinogonawo kuita kuti vanhu vasaita zvinhu zvisina kunaka. Chimiro chekudzokazve , somuenzaniso, kutarisira kwevanhu munharaunda yatinonzwa tichimanikidzirwa kubatsira vamwe kana vakatotiitira chimwe chinhu. Somuenzaniso, kana shamwari yako yakakweretesa mari yemasikati masvondo mashomanana apfuura, iwe unenge uchinzwa uchimanikidzirwa kudzokerazve apo paanobvunza kana iwe kana akakwanisa kubhadhara $ 100. Akakuitira chimwe chinhu, ikozvino unonzwa uchisungirwa kuita chimwe chinhu mukudzoka.
- Zvikonzero zvekufunga. Kunyange zvazvo tsanangudzo yekusarura inosanganisira kuita kune vamwe pasina mubairo, pane zvingave zvichiri kuve nekufunga kwekukurudzira izvo zvisingaoneki. Semuenzaniso, tinogona kubatsira vamwe kubvisa matambudziko edu kana kuti kuva nemutsa kune vamwe kunotsigira maonero edu isu sevanhu vane mutsa, vane tsitsi.
Mamwe matsanangudzo ekufungidzira anosanganisira:
- Kunzwira tsitsi. Vatsvakurudzi vanoratidza kuti vanhu vanowanzoita unhu husina kunaka kana vachinzwira urombo kune munhu ari kutambudzika, chirevo chinonzi senyasha-kusagadzirisa pfungwa . Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti vana vanofarira kuva vanonyanya kushingaira sezvo pfungwa yavo yetsitsi inowedzera.
- Kubatsira kudzikinura manzwiro akaipa. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzakaronga kuti zviito zvekuzvikudza zvinobatsira kugadzirisa manzwiro asina kunaka anogadzirwa nekucherechedza mumwe munhu ari mukutambudzika, pfungwa inonzi inonzi negative-state relief relief model . Chaizvoizvo, kuona mumwe munhu mumatambudziko kunoita kuti tinzwe takagumbuka, tichishungurudzika, kana kuti tisingagadzikane, saka kubatsira munhu ari mumatambudziko kunobatsira kuderedza idzi manzwiro akaipa.
Kuenzanisa Nedzidziso
Icho chikonzero chinokonzera kusarura, uyewo mubvunzo wekuti pane chokwadi chakadai se "kuchena" kunamata, nyaya mbiri dzinopesana nevanhu. Tinowanzotanga kubatsira vamwe nekuda kwezvikonzero zvisingabatsiri, kana kuti kune zvivande zvakavanzika kune isu isu zvinotungamirira maitiro edu asingadi here?
Vamwe vezvemagariro evanhu vanofunga kuti kunyange zvazvo vanhu vachiita kazhinji vachiita zvinhu zvisingabatsiri nokuda kwezvikonzero zvoudyire, kuve nehanya kwechokwadi kunobvira. Vamwe pane zvavakafunga kuti tsitsi kune vamwe inowanzotungamirirwa nechido chekubatsira. Chero zvikonzero zvikonzero zvayo, nyika yedu ingadai iri nzvimbo inosuruvarisa isina kuda.
> Sources:
> Carey, B. Stanford Masayendisiti Anoona Kuti Altruism Haingori Innate. Stanford Report. Yakabudiswa musi waRecember 18, 2014.
> Sanderson, CA. Social Psychology. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2010.
> University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing. Kubatsira uye Kuwedzera. Mu: Mitemo yeSocial Psychology . 2010.
> Vedantam, S. Kana Inofunga Kuti Yakanaka Kuti Ive Yakanaka, Inogona Kungova Yemazuva Akanaka. Washington Post. Yakabudiswa naMay 28, 2007.