Kunyatsoongorora Migumisiro yeKushandura Utungamiri
Wati wambove uri muboka apo mumwe munhu akatora mamiriro acho ezvinhu nekupa pachena zvakajeka zvinangwa zveboka, chido chakakurumbira chebasa racho, uye kukwanisa kuita kuti boka rose rizvinzwe richidzorerwa uye rakagadziriswa? Munhu uyu angangova izvo zvinonzi mutungamiriri wekushandura.
Shanduko yehutungamiri hutsika hweutungamiri hunogona kukurudzira kuchinja kwakanaka kune avo vanotevera.
Vatungamiri vekutendeuka vanowanzoshanda nesimba, vanoshingaira, uye vanoda. Havasi ivo chete vatungamiri vane hanya uye vanobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa; ivo vari kutarisawo kubatsira kubatsira nhengo yese yeboka iri kubudirira zvakare.
Kurumidza Kureva
Pfungwa yekushandura hutungamiri pakutanga yakatungamirirwa nenyanzvi yehutungamiri uye mutungamiri wenhau dzemabhizimisi James MacGregor Burns. Maererano naBurns, hutungamiri hwekushandurwa hunogona kuonekwa apo "vatungamiri nevateveri vanoita kuti mumwe nomumwe aende mberi kune imwe nzvimbo yepamusoro yezvetsika uye zvinokurudzira."
Kuburikidza nesimba rekuona kwavo uye unhu hwavo, vatungamiri vanochinja vanogona kukurudzira vateveri kuti vachinje zvinotarisirwa, maonero, uye zvikonzero zvekushanda kune zvinangwa zvakafanana.
Gare gare, mutsvakurudzi Bernard M. Bass akawedzera pane pfungwa dzekutanga dzeBurns kukura izvo zvinonzi nhasi Bass's Transformational Leadership Theory. Maererano neBass, hutungamiri hwekushandurwa hunogona kurondedzerwa kuburikidza nehuwandu hwahwo kune vateveri.
Vatungamiri vekushandura, Bass vakaratidza, garner trust, kuremekedzwa, nekuyemura kubva kuvateveri vavo.
Components
Bass zvakare akaratidza kuti paiva nezvimwe zvikamu zvina zvakasiyana zveutungamiri hwekushandura.
- Kutsigira Kwepfungwa - Vatungamiri vekushandura haisi kungopokana nehutano cheo; vanokurudzirawo kugadzirwa pakati pevateveri. Mutungamiri anokurudzira vateveri kutsvaga nzira itsva dzekuita zvinhu uye mikana mitsva yekudzidza.
- Kufungidzirwa kwega - Kuchinja kwehutungamiri kunosanganisira kupa rubatsiro nekukurudzira kune vateveri mumwe nomumwe. Kuti zvikurudzire ukama hunotsigira, vatungamiri vekushandura vanochengetedza miganhu yekukurukurirana yakazaruka kuitira kuti vateereri vanzwe vakasununguka kugovana pfungwa uye kuitira kuti vatungamiri vanogona kupa pachena zvakanakira zvipo zvakasiyana-siyana zvemuteveri mumwe nomumwe.
- Zvinokurudzirwa Zvinokurudzira - Vatungamiri vekushandura vane maonero akajeka zvokuti vanokwanisa kutaura kune vateveri. Vatungamiri ava vanogonawo kubatsira vateveri kuwana ruzivo rumwechete nekukurudzira kuita izvi.
- Zvinotarisirwa Kuchinja - Mutungamiriri wekushandura anoshumira semuenzaniso wevateveri. Nokuti vateveri vanotenda uye vanoremekedza mutungamiriri, vanotevedzera munhu uyu uye vanoita zvaanoda.
Saka ndezvipi zvimwe zviratidzo zvemu mutungamiriri wekuchinja? Mapoka anotungamirirwa nemhando iyi yemutungamiriri anowanzove akabudirira uye akavimbika. Vanopa zvakawanda kumutambo uye vane hanya zvikuru nemapoka akakwanisa kuita zvinangwa. Kutengeswa kunowanzove kwakadzika sevatungamiri vekushandura vanogona kukurudzira zvakawanda zvekutumira kune vateveri vavo.
Migumisiro
Mundima yavo yekare, Transformational Leadership , vanyori Bass naRiggio vakatsanangura:
"Vatungamiri vekutenderera ... ndeavo vanokurudzira nekufuridzira vatevedzeri kuti vose vaite zviitiko zvinoshamisa uye, mukugadzira, vanovandudza hutungamiri hwavo hune hutungamiri.Vatungamiri vanochinja vanobatsira vateveri kukura nekukura kuva vatungamiri kuburikidza nekupindura kune umwe neumwe wevateveri zvavanoda kuburikidza nekuvapa simba uye kuburikidza nekuenzanisa zvinangwa nezvinangwa zvevateveri mumwe nomumwe, mutungamiri, boka, uye sangano guru. "
Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti nzira iyi yeutungamiri inogona kuva nemigumisiro yakanaka yeboka.
"Uchapupu hunotsvakurudza hunoratidza zvakajeka kuti mapoka anotungamirirwa nevatungamiriri vekushandura ane maitiro makuru ekugutsikana uye kugutsikana kupfuura mapoka anotungamirirwa nemamwe marudzi evatungamiri," akatsanangura psychologist uye nyanzvi yeutungamiri Ronald E.
Riggio mune imwe nyanzvi ye Psychology Today .
Chikonzero, iye anotaura, ndeyekuti vatungamiriri vanochinja vanotenda kuti vateveri vavo vanogona kuita zvakanakisisa zvavo, vachitungamirira nhengo dzeboka kuti vanzwe vakafuridzirwa uye vane simba.
Chii chaunogona kuita kuti uve mutungamiriri wekuchinja? Nyanzvi dzehutungamiri dzinoratidza kuti kuva nechiratidzo chakasimba, chakanaka chemangwana chinobata basa rinokosha. Hazvirevi chete kuti zvakakosha kutenda mune zvakaratidzwa iwe pachako; iwe unotofanirawo kukurudzira vamwe kuti vatenge mune zvauri kuona zvakare. Kuva wechokwadi, kuda, kutsigira, uye kuvimbika ndizvo zvose zvinokosha zvinobatsira vateveri kuti vatsigire zvinangwa zveboka racho.
Bata kune Zvakanaka-Kuva
Maererano nemigumisiro yedzimwe chidzidzo, nzira iyi yeutungamiri inogonawo kuva nemigumisiro yakanaka kune vashandi zvakanaka.
Chidzidzo chakabudiswa mu Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine chaisanganisira kuongorora vashandi pamakambani akasiyana-siyana eGermany nekambani yekukurukurirana kwekombiki. Vatsvakurudzi vakakumbira vatori vechikamu kuti vapindure mibvunzo pamusoro pehutungamiri hwavo hweutungamiri. Chikwata chekushandura hutungamiri chakazogadziriswa kuburikidza nehutano hwakadai sekupa kukurudzira kwevamwe, kupa mhinduro dzakanaka dzekushanda zvakanaka, kutungamirira nemuenzaniso, nekubatsira vashandi kunzwa sevari kuita chipo kune zvinangwa zveboka racho.
Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti vashandi vakaona hukuru hwehutungamiri hwehutungamiri muvashandi vavo vaivewo nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehupenyu hwakanaka. Izvozvo zvakaramba zvakakosha kunyange mushure mekunge vatsvakurudzi vairongedza zvinhu zvinobatana nehukama hwakadai sehutano hwemabasa, dzidzo, uye makore.
"Migumisiro yenyaya ino inoratidza kuti kuchinja hutungamiri hutsika, izvo zvose zvinopa pfungwa yekuvimba uye zvinorehwa uye mumwe nomumwe zvinetso uye zvinokurudzira vashandi, uyewo kune zvakakosha pamushandi wehutano," vanyori vakapfupikisa.
Real-World Applications
Saka zvigaro zvakadai zvingave zvakadini kune vatungamiri nevashandi?
Vanyori vezvidzidzo vanoratidza kuti zviitiko zvakakosha uye zvinogona kubatsira makambani kukura zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa hutungamiri izvo zvingashandiswa kudzidzisa unyanzvi hutungamiri hwehutano. Kuwana unyanzvi hwokukurukurirana sekugadzirisa kukakavadzana munzvimbo yebasa nekuziva zvinodiwa nevashandi chikamu chinokosha cheutungamiri hwekushandura.
"Zvirongwa zvakadaro zvekudzidzisa zvinogona kuonekwa sechimwe chikamu chinokosha chekushanda kwehutano panzvimbo yepamabasa nekudzivirira kudzivirira saka saka inofanira kuwana rubatsiro rwakakura," akatsanangura kudaro vanyori vekudzidza.
Shoko Rinobva
Nzira yekushandura yeutungamiri inogona kubudirira zvikuru kana yakashandiswa zvakakodzera, asi haingati iite yakasarudzwa pane zvose. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mapoka angada kuve nehutungamiri hwepamusoro kana kuti chimiro chekutonga chinosanganisira kuswedera pedyo nekugadzirisa uye hukuru hukuru, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu apo nhengo yeboka iri risina nyanzvi uye inoda kutarisirwa kwakawanda.
Imwe nzira yekuvandudza unyanzvi hwako hweutungamiri ndeyekuongorora iwe pachako hutungamiri hwemaitiro uye funga nezvenzira iyo simba rako rinogona kubatsira boka rauri kutungamirira. Kana ukaongorora unyanzvi hwako pachako, uchave wakakwanisa kutamba kune simba rako uye kushanda pakuvandudza nzvimbo dzako dzeutera.
> Sources:
> Bass, BM & Riggio, RE Kushandura Utungamiri. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.; 2008.
> Jacobs C; Pfaff H; Lehner B, et al. Kufuridzirwa kweKushandura Kweutungamiri kune Vashandi Vakanaka-Kuve: Zvibereko Kubva Kuongororwa Kwekambani muNyaya yeZvivako neKutaurirana Ikambani muGermany. J Shandisa Maererano neMedhi. 2013; 55 (7): 772-8.