Zvakaoma kuziva kuti chii chingave chakawedzerwa kune batch heroin
Imishonga inodhakwa uye isiri pamutemo, heroin inotengeswa mumhando mitatu yakasiyana-siyana : black tar heroin, heroin yemafuta heroin, uye white powder heroin. Mhando imwe neimwe ye heroin ine zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana zvakasiyana, uye zvose zvinogona kunge zvine zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvinowedzera, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera pane zvinodhaka zvemishonga, pane dzimwe nguva zvichiita kuti zvive zvakanyanya kuipa.
Heroin inowanzova musanganiswa we diacetylmorphine, iyo inoshandiswa inoshandiswa iyo inobereka zvinodhaka zvinokonzerwa nemishonga, uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuzadza zvigadzirwa.
Zvimwe zvezvizere izvi ndezvimwe zviputi, uye inopa zvimwe zvepfungwa zvinokonzera heroin, nepo dzimwe dzichiri pfupfu dzinowanzoita sechimiro che heroin iyo inotemwa nayo. Uye mune dzimwe nguva, iyo-add-ins inonzi iyo inogona kukonzera kuipa kwemigumisiro.
Psychoactive Ingredients
Diacetylmorphine, kana kuti diamorphine, ndeye inonyanya kuisa painkiller iyo inowanzoitika mumucheka wekateksi wembeu yefodhi yemupium poppy, inonzi opium. Iopium poppy inokura mumativi akawanda enyika, kusanganisira Asia, Australia, dzimwe nzvimbo dzeEurope, Turkey, Afghanistan, Colombia, neMexico.
Iyi opiate ndiyo inoshandiswa pakugadzirisa mupfungwa mu heroin, inobereka heroin euphoric yakakwirira. Izvo zvinopawo heroin maitiro ekurwisa uye inoita mamiriro ekuzvidzivirira kwemuviri pakati pevashandisi varo; kana mumwe munhu achishandisa, zvakanyanya kudiwa kuti arege kudzivisa zviratidzo.
Kufa kwakabatana nekugadzirwa kweopioid overdose yakasimudzwa nevanopfuura 300% muU.SA kubva muna 2013, kunyanya nekuda kwekusvibiswa kwe heroin nemimwe mishonga isina kubvumirwa kutadza fentanyl.
Fentanyl is opioid painkiller, iyo yakawanda nguva yakasimba, uye inotyisa kupfuura heroin. Kutsvakurudza kunoratidza kuti vanoshandisa zvinodhaka vane hanya nezve fentanyl mu heroin yavo, uye vazhinji vanovhura kushandisa mashandisirwo ekukurumidza, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa kugona kuvapo kwe fentanyl mumishonga yemishonga (vasati vashandise) kana urin (mushure mekushandiswa), uye inogona kubatsira zivisa vanhu nezvekutsvaga kwavo pangozi.
Mukuwedzera kune diacetylmorphine ne fentanyl, heroin yemugwagwa inogona kuva nemimwe mimwe yemigwagwa uye mishonga yemishonga, kusanganisira methamphetamine. Kunyange zvazvo meth inokurudzira uye heroin yakasununguka, zvose zvinokonzera manzwiro euphoria, saka mutengesi wezvinodhaka anowanzobvisa nekusanganiswa chero upi noupi-kubudisa psychoactive zvinodhaka ne heroin kana zvichiwanikwa pamutengo unodhura. Meth inotakura zvinetso zvayo uye inowanzo ine mishonga inokonzera tsvina, zvichiita kana kunyanya kusachengeteka kujoka zvakananga muropa.
Black Tar Heroin
Black tar heroin, iyo inoratidzika sebhokisi rakaoma kana kuti yakaoma kana chunk yemvura inopisa, inokonzerwa nehuwandu hwakaoma, iyo iyo opiate inogadzirwa isinganzwisisiki yakaenzana neyero poda heroin. Iine maitiro akasiyana-siyana akashandiswa epipi, ayo akasiyana neheroin.
Kunyange zvazvo heroin yema tema yakave yakapoteredza kwemakore anopfuura zana, kufarirwa kwayo muUnited States kwakatanga mumakore ekuma1970 nokuti inodhura uye iri nyore kuita kune yakachena powder heroin.
Brown kana White Powder Street Heroin
Kuenderera mberi nekugadziriswa kwehandi hero heroin, nekucheka ne lactose, kunogona kubudisa huni hwema heroin. White powder heroin muhupano wayo wakachena ndiyo inyuro yemunyu, inozivikanwa se diacetylmorphine hydrochloride, kunyange zvazvo inowanzovhenganiswa kana "kutemwa" nemamwe mapupa machena, ayo anoderedza simba uye inowedzera dambudziko rekusvibiswa uye kuparadzwa kwemhepo kana Chirwere chinoshandiswa.
Kazhinji, yakachena heroin, iyo yakachena uye inopenya inoratidzika, asi iyo inonyanya kuvhara heroin, inodonha poda yakachena inowoneka.
Chemicals Additives
Nzira yekugadzira heroin kubva paopium inopesana, zvichienderana nezvenzira dzinoshandiswa, uye nzvimbo iyo inogadzirwa. Izvi zvivako zvinobva kune-state-of-the-art mabhizimisi anokodzera anoshandiswa nemakemikari akadzidzira zvakakwana, kuvhara mabhizimisi anomhanya nevashambadziri vezvinodhaka, kushandiswa kwekushandisa uchishandisa matafura emafuta uye kunze kwemoto zvinotungamirirwa nevarimi vekumba vane zvishoma kana kuti vasina dzidzo mumakemikari.
Munguva ichangopfuura, heroin yakagadzirwa mumakamuri emisha nevanhu vachiedza kushandura mishonga yepamusoro yepamusoro-soro yakadai se oxycodone mumugwagwa heroin.
Hapana nzira yekuziva nheyo yezvakabva kana zvimwe zvigadzirwa zve heroin zvakatengwa mumugwagwa. Iyo inogona kunge yakasvibiswa iyo ine--zvinhu zvekugadzirwa kwezvinhu, kusanganisira makemikari akadai se calcium oxide, ammonia, chloroform, hydrochloric acid, uye acetic anhydride.
Anesthetics
Heroin yemugwagwa inogona kuva neanesthetics yemo, yakadai seyxylocaine. Kunyange zvazvo anesthetics ivo pachavo vakashandiswa zviri pamutemo kune zvechiremba uye mazino, vanove nematambudziko, vanogona kuva nemigumisiro, uye vanogonawo kugadzirisa zvirwere, vachitakura zvimwe zvinetso zvehutano husina kunaka, izvo zvisingagoni kuzivikanwa kana zvakakodzera kurapwa nevashandisi kana vatengesi.
Fillers
Kuzadza zvinoshandiswa zvinowedzerwa kuwanda kwe heroin kuitira kuti vatengesi vagone kuwedzera mararamiro avo. Zvinokonzera kubva kune zvinhu zvinokonzera, zvakadai seTalc, furawa, chibage, mukaka wakavhenganiswa, uye shuga dzakasiyana-siyana, kune zvinhu zvinokuvadza.
Semuenzaniso, hero hero yakasviba inogona kudimbiswa nemapurasitiki matsvuku kana tsvina. Quinine dzimwe nguva inowanikwa muchena poda heroin nokuda kwekunaka kwayo.
Zvichida Dambudziko
Zvinokwanisika kuti chepfu dzinotemwa ku heroin. Strychnine, iyo inoshandiswa se pesticide inoshandiswa muhuputi hwehuputi, ndiyo imwe yega inopisa inosanganiswa ne heroin. Sezvinongoita rats uye mamwe mhuka dzakakora, strychnine inouraya vanhu.
Pfungwa dzepfungwa dze strychnine chepfu inosanganisira kushungurudzika, kusagadzikana, kushungurudzika, uye kuwedzera "kukurumidza" kupindura. Zviratidzo zvepanyama zvinosanganisira kuvhunduka kwemajaya, kurwadziwa kwepfungwa uye kuputika, kusagadzikana kwemaoko nemakumbo, nekugunzva kwemutsipa uye kumashure.
Gorofu hero heroin inogona kugurwa nevhu, iyo inogona kuva nezvirwere zvezvinosvibisa zvinosvibisa zvinonzi clostridium botulinum. Kana zita iroro rikanzwika risingazivikanwi, rinogona kunge riripo nokuti rinokonzera rudzi rwehutu hunouraya hunonzi botulism.
Kana zvipembenene izvi zvikapinda muvanga, izvo zvinowanzoitika apo inoroja ganda hero yakatema, spores inogona kukura uye inokuvadza botulism. Kunyange zvazvo ronda racho ringaita sediki, chirwere chacho chakakomba zvikuru.
Kukura kwemahuro botulism inobereka mahara neurotoxin, anokonzera kuenzanisa, kufanana, kunokonzera kuora mitezo yemisungo yokuzvidira, zvinoreva kuti haugoni kutamisa misungo yako paunenge uchiedza, uchifambira mberi kuti usakwanise kufema usina ruzivo, uye pakupedzisira rufu kana usina kutorwa. Botulism chepfu inogona kukonzera rufu. Zviratidzo zvehuputi hwehuputi hazvizobatsirwi neaixone, chirwere chinowanzoshandiswa kushandura heroin overdoses.
Kunyange zvazvo kwete chaizvoizvo chigadziro mu heroin, vanhu vanopisa heroin pamashizha eumuminiya kuti vapinde mumoto - chiito chinonzi "kudzingira dhiragoni" - chingave chakasimudza mazamu ealuminium mumuginhi wavo. Aluminium inozivikanwa kuva neurotoxin, kunyange zvazvo kwenguva yakareba migumisiro yevashandi ve heroin ichiri kudikanwa kuiswa.
> Sources:
> Exley C, Ahmed U, Polwart A, Bloor R. Akasimudza urinary aluminium mumasikati uye vashandisi vekare heroin yakaipa. Dhiyabhorosi Biology ; 12 (2): 197-199. 2007.
> Frances R, Miller S. uye Mack A. (Vatungamiri). Clinical Textbook of Addictive Disorders. 4th edition. New York: Guilford. 2016.
> Krieger M, Yedinak J, Marshall B, et al. Kuda kuzvipira kushandisa fentanyl test test zvitsva pakati pevaduku vanoshandisa zvinodhaka. Kukanganisa Kunobatsira Journal ; 15 (1): 7. 2018.
> Mars S, Bourgois P, Karandinos G. Montero F, Ciccarone D. Mavara e heroin: maonero emashandisi pane "dhayi dema" uye heroin yemupfu mumaguta maviri eUnited States. Nhamba yePyychoactive Drugs 48 (4): 270. 2016.
> Kukurukurirana P, Struveb I, Wilkes M, Rees V. Kugadziriswa kwemavhesi ekurasikirwa uye nzvimbo dzakapfava dzakabatana nejasi re hero heroin injection: Chikamu chechikamu chechipiri chevanhu vaviri vakasiyana muU.SA. International Journal of Drug Policy, 39: 21-27. 2017.