Dzidza Nezve 6 Mapoka Emishonga Inokanganisa
Psychoactive, inonziwo psychotropic , izwi rinoshandiswa pamakemikari zvinhu zvinoshandura mafungiro evanhu kuburikidza nekukanganisa nzira iyo uropi nehurumende inoshanda. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kudhakwa , iyo inowanzoita chikonzero chikuru vanhu vanosarudza kutora zvinodhaka zvepfungwa. Kuchinja muhuropi kunosangana nevanhu vanoshandisa zvinhu zvinokanganisa pfungwa zvinoshandisa maonero avo, mafungiro, uye / kana kuziva.
Psychoactive substances inowanikwa mune mishonga yakawanda pamwe chete nedoro, zvinodhaka uye zvinodhaka zvinodhaka, uye zvimwe zvinomera uye kunyange mhuka. Doro uye caffeine imishonga inokanganisa pfungwa iyo vanhu vanowanzoshandisa kushandisa kuchinja mafungiro avo. Iyi mishonga inowanikwa zviri pamutemo, asi inogona kuve yenyama uye yepfungwa inokuvadza kana ikatorwa kuwedzerwa.
Kazhinji, vanhu vanosarudza nguva uye kuti sei vanoda kushandisa madhiragi anokanganisa. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, zvisinei, zvinodhaka zvepfungwa zvinoshandiswa kugadzirisa mafungiro ehumwe munhu kuitira kushandisa munhu wacho. Muenzaniso wakafanana weiyu ndewe zuva rekubata chirwere chemishonga Rohypnol , izvo zvisiri pamutemo muUnited States Unofanirwawo kuziva kuti kutora zvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa zvepfungwa zvinoshandiswa mune dzimwe nzira kunze kwezvinangwa, somuenzaniso, kushandisa zvinodhaka izvo zvakatemerwa kune mumwe munhu, kunyange kana ivo vakapiwa kwauri, hazvisi pamutemo.
Zvinhu zvakasikwa, zvakadai se hallucinogenic mushroom uye cacti, uye mashizha, maruva, nemafuta emimwe miti zvinogonawo kuva zvepfungwa.
Vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti, nokuti zvinhu izvi zvinowanzoitika zvakasikwa, hazvikuvadzi kudarika zvinogadzirwa nemishonga. Zvisinei, izvozvo handizvo.
Semuenzaniso, mumwe munhu anoshandisa chigadzirwa chepfungwa chinoshandura kuti achinje mafungiro ake angave ane njodzi yakanyanya yekudarika kana kushaya chepfu. Chikonzero cheizvi ndechokuti munhu anotora chinhu chacho haana simba pamusoro pesimba remurimi weplant plant kana kuti chepfu, sezvinowanikwa mumishonga yakagadzirwa.
Ndizvo zvakafanana nemishonga yemugwagwa yatengwa kubva kune mutengesi wezvinodhaka, izvo zvinowanzochekwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzepfungwa uye yezvokuzadza zvinhu, zvimwe zvingangokuvadza.
Mishonga kana mishonga inonzi "psychoactive" haisi iyo inodhaka, kunyange vakawanda vari.
Ndezvipi Zvinokanganisa Zvinokanganisa Zvinodhaka?
Pane nzira ina umo maitiro emishonga epfungwa anoshandiswa:
- Nezviitiko zvavo zvakafanana (zvinokonzerwa nezvose) muuropi nemuviri - somuenzaniso, antidepressants, hypnotics (kubatsirwa nehope), uye mishonga inoshandiswa kurarama mamiriro ezvinhu akadai sekunetseka kwehuwandu hwehutano hwehutano (ADHD)
- Nenzira yavo yekuita kukanganisa (yakaderera kusvika pasi)
- Nekemikemikari yavo yakagadzirwa
- Ne US Drug Enforcement Administration schedules IV, iyo inoronga madhiragi aya nekukwanisa kushandiswa ("Ini" yakakwirira, "V" iri pasi)
Ichi chinyorwa chinopa tsanangudzo pamusoro pezvinodhaka zvepfungwa zvinowanzoitika.
Mapoka mashanu emishonga inokonzera kushandiswa kwepfungwa inokurudzira, kuora mwoyo, narcotics (opioid), hallucinogens, uye, marijuana (cannabis).
Zvinokurudzira . Mienzaniso yemigumisiro inosanganisira kuve yakasvinura, simba guru, kufarira, kuvandudza mafungiro anokwanisa kusvika kune euphoria, uye mhinduro dzemumuviri dzakadai sekuwedzerwa kwepfungwa yemwoyo uye kuwedzerwa kweropa.
Mienzaniso yekukurudzira inosanganisira caffeine , nicotine , amphetamine , uye cocaine . Mienzaniso yemigumisiro yekushandisa zvakanyanya cocaine inogona kusanganisira kusagadzikana, kufunganya kwemafungiro, kukanganiswa kwemwoyo, kurwadziwa kwemwoyo, kurwadziwa kwepfupa, uye kunyange rufu.
Vanodzvinyirira. Mienzaniso yemigumisiro inosanganisira kuderedzwa manzwiro ekudzvinyirira, kudzikinurwa kwekuzvidya mwoyo, uye kusuruvara kunonoka. Nekushandisa zvakanyanya, zvinogona kunosanganisira ganda rinoputika, kunonoka uye kufema kufema, kukurumidza uye kushaya simba, kushaya, nekufa.
Mienzaniso yezvinodzvinyirira zvinosanganisira doro uye zvinyararire zvinosanganisira benzodiazepines uye barbiturates.
Opioids . Munenge mishonga yose iri muboka iri yakabva ku morphine.
Mienzaniso yemigumisiro yavo inosanganisira kupumbuka kwepumusoro, kurara, kufara, kuora mwoyo, uye kuora mwoyo kupera (kunonoka kufema kunoita kuti mapapu awedzere kuwedzera uye kupa oxygen yakakwana kumuviri).
Nekushandisa zvakanyanya, zvinogona kunosanganisira kushungurudza uye kurutsira, kuputika, kuputika, kumhanya, nekufa.
Mienzaniso yeopioid inosanganisira zvimwe zvepineti , codeine, morphine, oxycodone, uye heroin . Zvimwe pane-the-counter painkillers, zvakadai sa aspirin, acetaminophen, uye ibuprofen, zvingasave neopioid. Zvisinei, vanogona kukonzera zvinetso zvehutano nekuwedzeresa kana zvakatorwa zvakanyanya.
Hallucinogens . Mienzaniso yemigumisiro inosanganisira paranoia, depersonalization (pfungwa yekusava chaiye), kukanganisa, tsika dzisina kukodzera, uye kuwedzerwa kwehutano hweropa uye kushaya mwoyo. Migumisiro yekushandisa zvakanyanya inogona kusanganisira zvinetso kufunga nekutaura, kurasikirwa mupfungwa, kuora mwoyo, uye kurasikirwa kwekurema. Kurapa kwekurapa kunowanzoitika.
Mienzaniso ye hallucinogens inosanganisira psilocybin kubva mushwa, "acid" (LSD), ketamine, phencyclidine (PCP), dextromethorphan, uye peyote (mescaline).
Marijuana (cannabis). Mienzaniso yemigumisiro yepfungwa inobata marijuana inosanganisira kuchinja kwekunzwisisa kwepfungwa; euphoria; kunonoka; chido chekudya; kusakanganwa mupfungwa, kukanganisa, nekubatanidza; uye kuchinja muropa. Marijuana ndiyo chete mishonga mukirasi yayo.
Mutemo Wepamusoro ( designer drugs ). Mutemo wepamutemo ndeyekuti zvinhu zvinotengesa zvinhu zvinotengeswa sepamutemo uye nzira dzakachengeteka dzekukwirira. Inogona kutengeswa seinosimudzira, hallucinogenics, sedative kana kusanganiswa. Sezvo makemikari avo asingawanzozivikanwi, anopa zvakajeka zvinetso kune avoxicosist, vashandi vezvoutano, uye sangano. Izvo zvinosanganisira mabhati ekugeza , mephedrone , W18 , MXE nezvimwe zvakawanda.
Sources:
> American Psychiatric Association. Kuongorora uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders , Fifth Edition, American Psychiatric Association. 2013.
> Beynon CM, McVeigh J, Leavey C, Bellis MA. Kubatanidzwa Kwezvinodhaka Nechinwiwa Doro Mumishonga-Inokonzera Kushungurudzwa Kwepabonde. Kutambudza, Chisimba, nechisimba, 9 (3): 178-188. 2008. ini: 10.1177 / 1524838008320221.
> Smith DE, Fort J, Craton DL. Psychoactive drugs. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs . 1 (1): 127. 2007.
> US Drug Enforcement Administration Zvinodhaka zvekushungurudzwa . 2011.