Nzwisisiro yezvakananga inomiririra matanho anokosha mberi mukukura kwevana. Munhoroondo yose yevanhu, vacheche vaiwanzofungidzirwa sezvisi nyore, zvisizvo. Vasati vauzana remakore rechi20, vana vaiwanzoonekwa sevashanduri vaduku vevanhu vakuru. Izvo zvakanga zvisati zvaitika kusvikira magwekoriki epaJean Piaget akaronga kuti vana vanofunga zvakasiyana kusiyana nevakuru uye kuti vanhu vakatanga kutarisa ucheche nekuyaruka semuenzaniso wakasiyana wekukura nekukura.
Vakuru vanowanzotora huchenjeri hunoshamisa hwevana nevana vaduku zvikuru, asi vanyori vemazuva ano nevatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti vana vanogara vachidzidza, vachifunga, nekuongorora nyika yakavapoteredza.
Kunyange vana vacheche vachangoberekwa vari kutora zvidzidzo nekudzidza zvinhu zvitsva. Mukuwedzera pakuunganidza ruzivo rutsva pamusoro pevanhu uye nyika yakavapoteredza, vana vanogara vachiwana zvinhu zvitsva pamusoro pavo.
Kubva Kuberekwa kusvika Mwedzi mitatu
Mwedzi mitatu yekutanga yehupenyu hwemwana inguva yekushamisika. Maitiro makuru ekubudirira panguva ino anonyanya kuongorora kutsva kwemashoko uye kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemuviri uye zvakatipoteredza. Munguva iyi, vana vakawanda vanotanga ku:
- Ona zvinhu zvakajeka mukati mechikamu chemasendimita gumi nemaviri
- Tarisa pane zvinhu zvinokurudzira, kusanganisira zviso zvevanotarisira
- Taurira pakati pezvinotapira, zvine munyu, zvinorwadza, uye zvakaoma
- Tsvaga maonero akasiyana-siyana mumatemu uye nemavhu
- Ona mavara ose muvanhu
- Mhinduro kune zvakatipoteredza nechitarisiko chemaziso
- Kuratidzira mafungiro ekufungidzira sekurota uye kuyamwisa panzvimbo yekiko kana bhodhoro
Kubvira pa3 kusvika kumwedzi 6
Mucheche achiri muduku, mano ekunzwisisa achiri kuwedzera. Kubvira pamakore matatu kusvika kumatanhatu, vacheche vanotanga kukura pfungwa yakasimba yekuona .
Panguva ino, vana vakawanda vanotanga ku:
- Ziva zviso zvakatarisana
- Mhinduro kune zviso zvevamwe vanhu
- Ziva uye uite kumanzwi akajairika
- Tanga kutevedzera maonero ezviso
Kubvira pamwedzi 6 kusvika ku 9
Kutarisa mukati memafungiro emucheche haisi basa rakanyanya. Pashure pezvose, vatsvakurudzi havagoni kungobvunza mwana izvo zvaanofunga pane imwe nguva. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda pamusoro penzira dzepfungwa dzevana, vatsvakurudzi vauya nemabasa akawanda ekusika ayo anoratidza mukati maitiro ehupi hwehupfungwa.
Kubva pamakore matanhatu kusvika mapfumbamwe, vatsvakurudzi vakawana kuti vana vazhinji vanotanga ku:
- Kunzwisisa kusiyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu uye zvisina upenyu
- Taurira kusiyana pakati pezvifananidzo zvinoratidza nhamba dzakasiyana dzezvinhu
- Shandisa uwandu hwechimwe chinhu chechinhu kuti uone kuti uri kure zvakadini
- Tarisa kwenguva refu "zvisingaiti" zvinhu zvakadai sechinhu chakasimwa mumutambo
Kubva pamwedzi 9 kusvikira kumwedzi gumi nemaviri
Sezvo vacheche vava kunyanya kugona, vanokwanisa kuongorora nyika yakavapoteredza mukudzika kwakadzika. Kugara, kutamba, nekufamba ndezvishoma zvezvinhu zvinokosha zvinobvumira vana kuti vawane kunzwisisa kukuru kwepasi rakavapoteredza.
Sezvavanoswedera gore rimwe chete, vana vakawanda vanogona:
- Kunzwisisa pfungwa yechinhu chisingaperi , pfungwa yokuti chimwe chinhu chinoramba chiripo kunyange zvazvo chisingaoneki
- Tevedzera zviratidzo uye zvimwe zviito zvekutanga
- Pindura nemitambo uye mhere
- Kufanana nokutarisa mabhuku emifananidzo
- Shandisa zvinhu nokuzvishandura, uchiedza kuisa chinhu chimwe mune imwe, nezvimwewo.
Kubva pamakore 1 kusvika kumakore maviri
Mushure mekusvika gore rezera, vana vanoita zvepanyama, zvemagariro evanhu, uye vanonzwisisika vanoita sevari kukura nekukwirira uye nemiganhu. Vana vezera iri vanopedza nguva yakawanda vachicherechedza zviito zvevakuru, saka zvakakosha kuti vabereki nevatarisi vateerere mienzaniso yakanaka yehutsika.
Vazhinji vema-year-age vanotanga ku:
- Kunzwisisa nekupindura kumashoko
- Ziva zvinhu zvakafanana
- Taura musiyano pakati pe "Ini" uye "Iwe"
- Tevedzera zviito uye mutauro wevakuru
- Inogona kureva zvinhu zvakajairika uye vanhu vari mubhuku remifananidzo
- Dzidza kuburikidza nekuongorora
Kubva pamakore maviri kusvika ku3
Pazera remakore maviri, vana vari kuwedzera kuzvimirira. Sezvo iye zvino vava kukwanisa kuongorora zviri nani nyika, ruzivo rwakakura rwekudzidza panguva iyi iri chikonzero chezviitiko zvavo.
Vazhinji vane makore maviri vanogona:
- Rongedza zvinhu nezvikamu (kureva, mhuka, maruva, miti, nezvimwewo)
- Tora zvindori pamhangura kubva kune yakakura kusvika kuduku
- Tevedzera zviito zvakakura zvakaoma vanhu vakuru (kutamba imba, vachizvifananidza kuti vaite mbatya, etc.)
- Tsvaga kuratidza kwavo pachavo mugirazi nemazita
- Mhinduro kune mirayiridzo iri nyore kubva kuvabereki nevatarisi
- Taura zvinhu zviri mubhuku remifananidzo
- Match zvinhu nezvinhu zvavo
Kubva pamakore matatu kusvika kumakumi mana
Vana vanowedzera kukwanisa kuongorora nyika yakavapoteredza nenzira dzakaoma. Sezvo vachiona zvinhu, vanotanga kuisa maitiro uye kuzviisa muzvikamu zvakasiyana, zvinowanzozonzi schemas . Sezvo vana vari kuwedzera kunyanya kushanda mubato rekudzidza, vanotangawo kuunza mibvunzo pamusoro penyika yakavapoteredza. "Sei?" inova mubvunzo wakajairika wakaenzana nezera rino.
Pazera remakore matatu, vana vazhinji vanogona:
- Kuratidzira kuratidza kwekare uye ikozvino
- Shingairira kutsvaka mhinduro dzemibvunzo
- Dzidza nekucherechedza nekuteerera mirairo
- Rongedza zvinhu nekukura uye maitiro
- Kunzwisisa kuti ungatora sei uye uenzane nechinhu maererano nemuvara
- Iva nehanya kwenguva yakareba yepamusoro pemaminitsi mashanu kusvika ku15
- Anokumbira "nei" mibvunzo kuwana ruzivo
Kubvira pamakore mana kusvika kumashanu
Sezvavanenge vava pedyo nezera rechikoro, vana vanova nani pakushandisa mazwi, kutevedzera zviito zvevanhu vakuru, kuverenga uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha zvakakosha pakugadzirira chikoro.
Vazhinji vane makore mana vanogona:
- Rhyme
- Zita uye uone mavara mazhinji
- Dhiroka mamiriro evanhu
- Verenga kusvika ku5
- Taurira kwavanogara
- Dhirorera mifananidzo iyo inowanzoita zita uye kutsanangura
Batsira Vana Kuwana Nzwisisiro Inokosha
Kune vabereki vazhinji, kukurudzira vana kukura kwepfungwa chinhu chinonyanya kunetseka. Nenzira yakanaka, vana vanoda chaizvo kudzidza kubva pakutanga. Kunyange zvazvo dzidzo ichakurumidza kuva chikamu chakakura chehupenyu hwemwana huri kukura, iyo yekutanga makore akawanda inonyanya kutungamirirwa neukama hwepedyo hwemhuri, kunyanya avo vane vabereki nevamwe vanochengeta. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vabereki vari munzvimbo yakasiyana-siyana yekubatsira kugadzira kuti vana vavo vanodzidza sei, vanofunga, uye vanobudirira.
Mumusha, vabereki vanogona kukurudzira vana vavo mano ekuziva kuburikidza nekubatsira vana kuti vave nechinangwa chepasi rakavapoteredza. Apo mucheche anoratidza kufarira kune chimwe chinhu, vabereki vanogona kubatsira mwana kubata uye kuongorora chinhu chacho uye kutaura kuti chinangwa chii. Somuenzaniso, mwana paanotarisa akatarisa pikichayi, mubereki angatora chinhu ndokuisa mumaoko echeche achiti "Ko Gracie anoda kutora here?" uye zvino kuzunungusa ruvara kuti uratidze zvauri kuita.
Sezvo vana vachikura, vabereki vanofanira kuramba vachikurudzira vana vavo kuti vaongorore nyika. Edza kuva nemoyo murefu nevana vaduku vanoita sevari nemibvunzo yakawanda yekusingaperi pamusoro peiyo nezvose zvakapoteredza.
Vabereki vanogonawo kuisa mibvunzo yavo pachavo kuti vabatsire vana kuti vave nezvinetso zvakawanda zvekusika solvers. Paunotarisana nedambudziko, semibvunzo yakadai se "Unofunga kuti chii chingaitika kana isu ...?" kana "Chii chingaitika kana isu ....?" Nokubvumira vana kuti vauye nemigadziro yepakutanga yezvinetso, vabereki vanogona kubatsira kukurudzira zvose kukura kwepfungwa nekuzvivimba.
> Sources:
> Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Kubudirira Zvikuru; 2016.