Jean Piaget akanga ari chiremba wepfungwa dzekuSwitzerland uye chirwere chezvakaitika kare. Iye anonyanya kuzivikanwa nemafungiro ake ekufambira mberi kwekufungisisa kwakatarisa kuti vana vanokura sei nehunyanzvi munguva yose yehuduku. Pamberi pepfungwa yaPiaget, vana vaiwanzofungidzirwa sevanhu vaduku-vakuru. Pane kudaro, Piaget akaratidza kuti nzira iyo vana vanofunga nayo yakasiyana chaizvo neyevanhu vanofunga.
Nheyo yake yakaita kuti zvive nehukuru hwekubudirira kwepfungwa dzekuvandudza sechikamu chepakati chepfungwa mukati mepfungwa uye yakabatsira chaizvo munharaunda yezvedzidzo. Iye anonziwo sepiyona piyona we constructivist, izvo zvinoratidza kuti vanhu vanovaka zvivo zvavo zvenyika zvichienderana nekubatana pakati pezvavanofunga uye zvakaitika kwavari.
Piaget yakarongerwa sechipiri chepfungwa yezvepfungwa zvemazana makumi maviri nemakumi maviri mune imwe ongororo ye2002.
Piaget Inonyanya Kuzivikanwa Kwa:
- Dzidziso yekuvandudza njere
- Genetic epistemology
Kufarira Kwake MuSayenzi Kutanga Kutanga Muupenyu
Jean Piaget akaberekerwa muSwitzerland musi waAugust 9, 1896 uye akatanga kuratidza kufarira masayenzi echisikigo achiri muduku zvikuru. Pakazosvika makore gumi nemana, akanga atotanga basa rake semutsvakurudzi nekunyora pepa pfupi pane shiri duku yeAlubino. Akaramba achidzidza masayenzi echisikigo uye akagamuchira yake Ph.D.
muZoology kubva kuYunivhesiti yeNeuchâtel muna 1918.
Basa Rake NeBinet Ribatsira Kufuridzira Kufarira Kwavo MuIntellectual Development
Piaget akazoita kuti afarire chirwere chepfungwa, uye akapedza gore achishanda pachikwata chevarume chakagadzirwa naAlfred Binet . Binet inozivikanwa semusunguri wekuongorora kwekutanga kwenyika uye Piaget akabatanidzwa mukuongororwa izvi zvidzidzo.
Kunyange zvazvo basa rake rokutanga raive nebasa mumasayenzi echisikigo, zvakange zviri muma1920s apo akatanga kutamira kune basa sechiremba wepfungwa. Akaroora Valentine Châtenay muna 1923 uye vakaroorana vakave nevana vatatu. Iko kwaiva kuonekwa kwaPiaget kwevana vake ivo avo vakashanda senheyo yevakawanda vedzidziso dzake zvakare.
Dzidziso yaPiaget: Kuziva Midzi Yezivo
Piaget akazvitsanangura semuongorori wezvinyorwa . "Icho chinonzi epistemology chinoshandiswa chinotsvaga kuongorora midzi yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezivo, kubva pamararamiro ayo okutanga, kutevera kumazinga anotevera, kusanganisirawo zivo yesayenzi," akatsanangura mubhuku rake rinonzi Genetic Epistemology .
Epistemology ibasa refilosofi rine hanya nezvakabva, zvisikwa, chiyero uye miganhu ye ruzivo rwevanhu. Akanga asina hanya chete nemafungiro emafungiro, asi mukurudzirwa kwarwo uye kuchinzwisisa maitiro ekuti genetics inobatsira sei izvi.
Basa rake rekutanga neongororo yeBinet yekuchenjera yakamuita kuti apedzisire kuti vana vanofunga zvakasiyana nevakuru . Kunyange zvazvo ichi chirevo chinogamuchirwa nevakawanda nhasi, chakaonekwa sechinoshanduka panguva iyoyo. Icho chaiva chirevo ichi chakafuridzira kufarira kwake kunzwisisa kuti ruzivo runokura sei muhuduku hwose.
Akaratidza kuti vana vanongedze ruzivo rwavanowana kuburikidza nezvakaitika uye kusangana kwavo mumapoka akazivikanwa se schemas . Apo ruzivo rutsva rwunowanikwa, runogona kuenzaniswa nemasikirwo akange aripo kana kugadziriswa kuburikidza nokudzokorora uye kuve sarma iripo kana kuumba sangano rose remashoko.
Nhasi, iye anozivikanwa zvikuru kuburikidza nekutsvakurudza kwake pamusoro pekugadzirisa kwekuziva kwevana. Piaget akadzidza kukura kwezvakanaka kwevana vake vatatu uye akagadzira dzidziso yakarondedzera zvikamu izvo vana vanopfuura kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kweunyanzvi nemafungiro ekufunga.
Dzidziso iyi inoratidza zvikamu zvina:
(1) Simba rekutsvaga : Nhanho yekutanga yekufambira inobva pakuberekwa kusvika kumakore maviri. Panguva ino mukurudzirwa, vana vanoziva nyika kunyanya kuburikidza nemafungiro avo uye motokari.
(2) T danho rekugadzirira : Chikamu chechipiri chekufambira chinosvika kubva pamakore maviri kusvikira kune manomwe uye chinoratidzwa nekusimudzirwa kwemutauro uye kubuda kwekufananidzira.
(3) Chikamu chekushanda chekuita : Chikamu chechitatu chekusimudzira kufungidzira chinotangira kubva kune makore manomwe kusvika kune makore gumi nemanomwe. Pano, pfungwa inonzwisisika inotanga asi vana vachiri kunetseka nemafungiro uye mafungiro.
(4) T chiitiko chepamutemo chekushanda : Muchina wekupedzisira uye yekupedzisira yekugutsikana kwepfungwa, yakagara kubva pazera remakore gumi nemaviri uye kusvika pakukura, vana vanonyanya kufunga uye vasinganzwisisi kufunga uye vanofunga zvishoma.
Mipiro yaPiaget kuPychology
Piaget akapa rubatsiro rwekufunga kuti vana vanofunga zvakasiyana kune vanhu vakuru uye kutsvakurudza kwake kwakaratidza matanho anokosha anokosha mukukura kwepfungwa kwevana. Basa rake rakagadzirawo kufarira mukuziva uye kugadzirwa kwepfungwa. Mafungiro aPiaget anowanzodzidza nhasi nevadzidzi vepfungwa dzose uye dzidzo.
Piaget akachengetedza zvigaro zvechigaro mukati mebasa rake uye akaita ruzivo mune zvepfungwa uye mazita. Akasika International Center for Genetic Epistemology muna 1955 uye akashumira semutungamiriri kusvikira afa paSeptember 16, 1980.
Piaget Akaita Sei Pfungwa Yepfungwa?
Pfungwa dzePiaget dzinoramba dzichidzidzwa munzvimbo dzepfungwa, masangano, dzidzo uye genetics. Basa rake rakabatsira kuti tinzwisise nezvekugutsikana kwekuziva kwevana. Apo vaongorori vepakutanga vaiwanzoona vana vachiita sediki duku revanhu vakuru, Piaget vakabatsira kuratidza kuti ucheche ihwohwo hunokosha uye hunokosha nguva yekukura kwevanhu .
Basa rake rakakonzerawo mamwe masayendisiti ekuremekedza anozivikanwa kusanganisira Howard Gardner naRobert Sternberg .
Mutsamba yavo ye2005 The Science of False Memory , Brainerd naReyna vakanyora nezvekuita kwaPiaget:
"Mukufamba kwebasa rakakura uye rakakura kwazvo, akaisa basa rinokosha redzidzisi kuminda zvakasiyana-siyana sefilosofi yesayenzi, mitauro, dzidzo, hutano, uye kushanduka kwezvinhu zvipenyu.Asi pamusoro pezvose, iye ndiye aidzidza nezvepfungwa dzema20 Muzana remakore makumi maviri, kubva pakutanga kwema1960 kusvika pakutanga kwema1980, Piagetian nyanzvi nekutsvakurudza kwePiaget zvakakonzera kufambira mberi kwepfungwa pasi rose, sezvo pfungwa dzaFredud dzakanga dzichitonga pfungwa dzisina kufanira dzera kare. kure nezvinetso zvaro zvepabonde nehutano hwehutano uye hwepfungwa uye nekutarisana nekugadzirisa pfungwa. "
Biographies yaJean Piaget
Kana uchida kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pePiaget, funga zvimwe zvezvipenyu zvehupenyu hwake.
- Bringuier, JC (1980). Kukurukurirana naJean Piaget. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Evans, R. (1973). Jean Piaget, murume wacho nemafungiro ake . New York: Dutton.
- Piaget, J. (1952). Autobiography. Muna E. Boring (ed). Nhoroondo yezvepfungwa mune autobiography. Vol. 4. Worcester, MA: Clark University Press.
Mabhuku Akasarudzwa naJean Piaget
Kuti uwedzere kutsvakurudza kwemaonero ake, funga kuverenga mamwe emagwaro matsva. Izvi zvinotevera mamwe mabasa ePiaget anozivikanwa zvikuru.
- Piaget, J. (1936) Kutanga kweuchenjeri mumwana. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
- Piaget, J. (1945) Play, kurota uye kutevedzera muhuduku. London: Heinemann.
- Piaget, J. (1970) Maitiro makuru mumapfungwa. London: George Allen & Unwin.
- Piaget, J. (1970). Genetic epistemology. New York: WW Norton & Company.
- Piaget, J. (1973). Memory nekuchenjera. New York: BasicBooks.
Mumashoko Ake Oga
"Chinangwa chekudzidzisa mune zvikoro chinofanira kunge chiri kuumba varume nevakadzi vanogona kuita zvinhu zvitsva, kwete kungodzokorora zvimwe zvizvarwa zvakaitwa.
-Jean Piaget
References:
Brainerd, CJ, & Reyna, VF (2005). Sayenzi yenhema yekuyeuka. New York: Oxford University Press.