Pane kuwirirana pakati peanorexia / bulimia nemapatya here?
Pane kushamwaridzana pakati pezvinetso zvekudya uye mapatya here? Kutsvaga nokukurumidza kwemashure kunowanzoita sekubatanidza nyaya mbiri. Vanhu vakawanda vakanyatsofungisisa pamusoro penyaya iyo Maria-Kate Olsen, hafu yechinyadzisira chainzi celebrity, akachengetwa muchipatara kuti apiwe chirwere chekudya munaJune 2004. Mukuwedzera, vakakurumbira muenzaniso Sia naShane, "The Barbi Twins" battled bulimia.
Ko maitiro avo semapatya ane chokuita nezvinetso zvavo here? Kutaura zvazviri, kuongorora kwegore ra2014 kwakawana kuti mune tsvakurudzo yevanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni maviri evanhu, vana vakanga vari vazhinji vaiva 33 mukana wekuonekwa kuti vane chirwere chekudya.
Chii chiri chirwere chekudya?
Kudya zvinetso zvakadai seanorexia nervosa (self-starvation), bulimia nervosa (chirwere chebinge kudya chinoteverwa nekucheneswa nekurutsa kana kushandiswa kwemarara) uye kubata binge (kazhinji, kumanikidzwa kwekudya zvakanyanya) zvinetso zvinosanganisira kukanganisa kukuru, mafungiro uye maitiro kurema uhu hwakapoteredza uye zvekudya. Kunyange zvazvo chero munhu angave akabatwa nezvinetso izvi zvinoparadza, avo vanowanzovhiringidzika ndevasikana mukutanga kusvika pakati pemakore ekuyaruka. Maererano neNational Eating Disorder Association, inofungidzirwa kuti vazhinji vanoita mamiriyoni makumi maviri evakadzi uye vane mamiriyoni gumi vanotambura nechirwere chekudya pane imwe nguva.
Chii chinokonzera kushungurudzika kwekudya?
Iyo yakaoma mamiriro ezvinhu anobva mukubatanidzwa kwezviito, manzwiro, maonero epfungwa, maitiro evanhu uye zvehupfumi.
Kunyange zvazvo masayendisiti asingazivi chokwadi chinokonzera munhu kuti ave asina kunaka uye anorexic, kudzidza yakawanda kwakavapa mamwe mazano pamusoro pemararamiro emupfungwa. Chidzidzo chezviuru zvinopfuura 1 000 zvemapatya madzimai neChirinary College yeVirginia vakabatsira masayendisiti kuziva kuti njodzi dzinokonzera bulimia.
Kutsvakurudza kwavo kwakaratidza kuti mapairi akafanana (kana monozygotic) mapatya aiva nehuwandu hwakanyanya hwekushungurudzika kupfuura mapatya ehama. Nokuti zvakafanana mapatya ane ruzivo rwema genetic (vane DNA yakafanana), masayendisiti akaita kuti hurumende iite basa mune dambudziko racho.
Mamwe emamwe manzwiro, mupfungwa uye munharaunda zvinokonzera kushungurudzika kwekudya zvinogona kuita mapatya uye dzakawanda kunyanya kunetseka. Semuyenzaniso:
- Manzwiro ekushaya simba kwehupenyu
- Nhoroondo yekunyombwa kana kuseka kubva paukuru
- Mitemo yemitemo inokoshesa vanhu maererano nezvinooneka.
- Kuwedzeredza unhu
Mapatya ari kuenzaniswa nguva dzose, uye kazhinji mararamiro avo emuviri ndiyo chikonzero chekuenzanisa nekusiyana. Hazvina mhosva kuti yakafanana zvakadini, vanhu vose vanoedza nguva dzose kusiyanisa rimwe mapatya se "makuru," "akaonda," kana "prettier." Vakawanda vanogona kunzwa vanomanikidzirwa kupandukira mazita akadaro, kana kuedza kuwana simba pamusoro pechitarisiko chavo chemuviri kuburikidza nekushandisa zvokudya kubhadhara. Nemhaka yokuti vanogara vachifananidzwa nomumwe munhu, vanogona kunge vane chimiro chechimiro chakatsauka, vachizviona ivo pachavo maererano neshamwari dzavo mbiri pane kuva nemaonero echokwadi semunhu oga.
Ndezvipi zvinokonzerwa nezvinetso zvekudya?
Kudya zvinetso zvinogona kuuraya. Apo anorexic inofara nenzara, mumuviri wake inorambwa zvibereko zvinokosha zvinoda kushanda. Mutumbi unononoka matanho ayo ose kuchengetedza simba, kuisa munhu wacho pangozi yekuneta, kushaya simba, kubvambura bvudzi, kurasikirwa kwemutsipa, kuora kwefupa uye pakuguma, kukanganisa kwemwoyo. Bulimia inotungamirira kusina kuenzana kwe electrolyte, kuora mazino, maronda ekuputika, kushaya mvura uye kunogona kuva nekwaniso yekupedza gastric, kuparara kweropa, uye pancreatis. Njodzi dzakawanda dzenguva refu dzehutano dzinogona kusimbiswa, kunyange mushure mokunge bulimic inogumisa kupera kwekuzvinyima uye kuchenesa, somuenzaniso: kukwirira kweropa, cholesterol yakakura, chirwere cheshuga uye chirwere chemoyo.
Vabereki vanoitei kuti vadzivirire mapatya avo?
Sangano reNational Eating Disorders Association (NEDA) rinopa mamwe mazano ayo vabereki vanogona kuita kuti vadzivise zvinetso zvekudya muvana vavo. Dzinosanganisira:
- Dzidzisai vana venyu nezvekusimudza nekuita zvepabonde.
- Dzivisa kunyanya kusimbisa kunaka nekumikira muviri.
- Kurukurai kukosha kwekudya kwakagadzikana, kwakanyatsogadzikana pamwe chete nekuenzanisa zvine mwero.
- Ziva uye ubatsire vana kudzivisa nzira iyo mhizha inobudisa zvifananidzo zvinobva mumuviri wemuviri.
- Kukurudzira kuzvidzora uye kuzviremekedza nekupa mikana nekukurudzira.
Mukuwedzera, vabereki vanogona kuisa muenzaniso wakanaka kuvana vavo. Usashungurudza mapepa ekuwedzera ekudzivirira kana nitpick zvisungo zvemuviri wako pamberi pevana vako. Dzivisa fad kudya, asi panzvimbo iyo uise mararamiro ane hutano kumhuri yose.
Pakupedzisira, kubata mapatya ako kana kuwanda semunhu mumwe nomumwe. Kunyange zvazvo vasingakwanisi kupukunyuka kuenzanisa kunoitwa navo nehuruzhinji, vanofanira kunzwa kuti vanokoshesa nokuda kwekuita kwavo pamba. Dzivisa kusimbisa kusiyana kwavo kwepanyama, kunyanya sezvavanokura nekukura; asi, chengetedza maitiro avo akasiyana uye mano.
Sources:
Berrettini, W., "The Genetics of Eating Disorders." Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2004, p. 18.
Goodman, A., uye. al. "Kushamwaridzana Pakati Pezvokuzvarwa Zvokudya uye Kuora Kwekudya Muhupenyu Hwose: Zviwanikwa Kubva 2 Mamiriyoni Varume Nevakadzi Vakaberekerwa muSweden, 1975-1998." American Journal of Epidemiology. February 2014, p. 852.
Kendler, K., et al. "Chimiro chezvizvarwa zvekuberekwa uye zvezvakatipoteredza kune zvipingamupinyi zvitanhatu zvepfungwa zvepfungwa zvevakadzi. Phobia, chirwere chinokonzera kushungurudzika, panic disorder, bulimia, kuora mwoyo kukuru, uye kudhakwa." Archive ya General Psychiatry. May, 1995. pg. 374.