Apo uri kunyora APA pepa , iwe kazhinji unoda kutarisa kumabasa nevamwe vanhu. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kutsanangura kuongororwa kwakaitwa nevanodzidza nezvepfungwa , kufungidzira mumwe munyori, kana kusanganisira mashoko akajeka kubva kune rimwe basa. Yakakodzera APA inotsanangura inoratidza kuti iwe unoziva nezvekutsvakurudza pamusoro pehurukuro yako, kuti zvinyorwa zvako zvakanyatsoratidzwa uye kuti iwe une zvingarudzo zvinotsigirwa neuchapupu hwakasimba.
Zvako-mavara zvinyorwa zvinonyanya kukosha sezvakanyorwa chikamu chako. APA maitiro anosimbisa mitemo yakajeka yekuti ungataura sei nezvekushandisa nhoroondo yevanyori. Izvo zvakarongeka zvewe--mavara zvinyorwa zvichasiyana zvichienderana nezvinobva uye nhamba yevanyori kune avo vanobva kune iyo inonzi inonzi yakabviswa.
Kunyora Zvaunowana muAppA Format
Zvose zvezvinhu zvaunoshandisa mupepa rako zvinofanira kunzirwa nenzira mbiri. Chokutanga, in-text citation inofanira kushandiswa pose paunoreva kune imwe nzvimbo mumutumbi wemapurpa. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa kuburikidza nekubatanidza zita remunyori wezvinyorwa uye gore rakabudiswa.
Nzira yechipiri iyo magetsi inofanira kutaurwa muAAPA maitiro ndeyekuisa chikamu chekutarisa pamagumo epa pepa iyo inopa ruzivo rwakakwana rwemhando ipi neipi iyo yakataurwa mumuviri wepa pepa rako. Nguva dzose yeuka, kana iwe wakataura mutsara mumapepa ako, inofanirawo kuiswa mune chikamu chekutarisa .
Nzira Yokutaura Sei Vanyori MuAAPA Format
Kwete Munyori:
Kunyange zvazvo hurukuro dzakawanda, mabhuku, nezvimwe zvinongororwa zvinosanganisira munyori kupiwa, zvimwe zvinyorwa hazvive neruzivo pamusoro pekunyora. Unotsanangura sei zvinhu izvi muAAPA format? In-text citation should use short article title in the parentheses and date.
Apo nheyo dzenyaya dzenguva refu, ingoshandisa izwi rekutanga kana mbiri mbiri.
Semuyenzaniso:
Chidzidzo chacho chakazarura kuwirirana kwakasimba pakati pezvinhu zviviri ("Dzidza APA," 2006).
Mumwe Munyori:
Apo bhuku, chinyorwa kana chimwe chinyorwa chinonyora chete mumwe munyori, zvinongopa zita remunyori wekupedzisira rakateverwa nezuva rakabudiswa.
Semuyenzaniso:
... vadzidzi vairatidza kunzwisisa kwakasimba kwemashoko uye ruzivo (Jones, 2001).
kana
Jones (2001) akawana kuti vadzidzi vakaratidza kunzwisisa kwakasimba kwemashoko uye ruzivo.
Vanyori vaviri:
Apo chinyorwa chinonyora vanyori vaviri, in-text text quotes inofanira kupa mazita ekupedzisira evanyori vaviri uye zuva rokubudisa.
Semuyenzaniso:
... gare gare zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kufanana kwakafanana (Ross & Hudson, 2004).
kana
Ross naHudson (2004) vakawana zvakafanana mune zvidzidzo zvekare.
Vanyori vatatu kusvika vatanhatu:
Yakakodzera APA yakarongwa yemitsva ine vatatu kusvika vatanhatu vanyori inoda kunyora mazita ekupedzisira evanyori vose pakutanga kokutaura mhepo uye zuva rokubudisa.
Semuyenzaniso:
... mhinduro dzakaratidza kushamwaridzana kwakasimba pakati pezvinyorwa zviviri (Robsen, Hutchkins, Ru, & Selanis, 1989).
kana
Robsen, Hutchkins, Ru, & Selanis (1989) vakawana kuwirirana kwakasimba pakati pemhando mbiri.
Zvichizo zvinyorwa zvinofanira kunyora chete zita rekupedzisira remunyori wekutanga pamwe chete nezuva rekubudiswa.
Robsen (1989) akaratidza zvinokanganisa ...
kana
.. mune chiitiko chinoratidza izvi (Robsen, et al., 1989).
Vanyori Vanomwe kana Vakawanda:
Kunyora zita rekupedzisira remunyori wekutanga uye zuva rekubudisa rinofanira kutaura zvinyorwa nevanyori vanopfuura vanomwe.
Semuyenzaniso:
... vadzidzi vakaratidza unyanzvi mushure mekuverenga nezveAAPA format (Smith et al., 2005).
kana
Smith et al., (2005) vakawana kuti ...
Misangano seVanyori:
Iwe unogadzira sei mu-text citation mu APA format apo munyori isangano kana sangano?
Nguva dzose inosanganisira zita rakazara resangano panguva yokutanga iwe unotaura mauri mu-mavara. Mutsara unofanirwawo kusanganisira chirevo chesangano kana mumwe aripo. Zvichizo zvinyorwa zvingangonyora zvinyorwa uye zuva rokubudisa.
Semuyenzaniso:
IAmerican Psychological Association (2000) yakashuma kuti ...
kana
... vakawana kuti vadzidzi vakapindura zvakanaka (American Psychological Association [APA], 2000).
uye zvinyorwa zvinotevera
(APA, 2000).
Iva nechokwadi chekutarisa zvinyorwa zvako uye zvinyorwa uchishandisa bhuku reMusangano wePublication Manual weAmerican Psychological Association.
Nzira Yokutaura Sei Zvinyorwa muAppA Format
IAAA inotsanangura maitiro ayo wamakashandisa mabhuku anogona kusiyana zvichienderana nenhamba yevanyori vakanyorwa.
Kana bhuku rine munyori mumwechete, ingopa zita rekunyora wekunyora richitevedzerwa nezuva rakabudiswa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kune vanyori vanopfuura vatanhatu, zita rekupedzisira uye kutanga kokutanga kwekutanga zvakanyorwa mubhuku rinofanira kushandiswa, rinoteverwa ne "et al.".
Semuyenzaniso:
... vadzidzi vakaratidza unyanzvi mushure mekuverenga nezveAAPA format (Smith et al., 2005).
kana
Smith et al., (2005) vakawana kuti ...
APA Inotsvaga Zvinyorwa muMashizha, Magazini, uye Zvimwe Zviitiko
Paunenge uchitaura zvinyorwa mubhuku rezvidzidzo , magazini, mapepanhau kana zvimwe zviitiko, unofanira kutevera munyori-zuva format. APA inotsanangura inofanira kusanganisira zita rekupedzisira remunyori, rinoteverwa nezuva rokubudiswa.
Semuyenzaniso:
... saSmith naJ Jones (2005) vakatsanangura ...
kana
... chidzidzo chacho chakawana ukama hunokosha hunokosha pakati pezvimwe zviviri (Smith & Jones, 2005).
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, shanduro ingasave yakanyorwa mubhuku. Isa chinyorwa chiduku chechinyorwa chichiteverwa nezuva rekubudiswa.
Semuyenzaniso:
... zvaakawana zvakapesana nokutsvakurudza kwakaitwa pamusoro penyaya ("New Research," 2009).
Kunyora Nyaya Dzisina Munyori:
Mamiriro ezvinhu apo hapana munyori akanyorwa, inosanganisira chidimbu chipfupi chechikamu chakateverwa nezuva rekubudiswa.
Semuyenzaniso:
... zvakawanikwa zvaienderana neongororo yapfuura ("New Study," 2003).
Kana ukashandisa tsanangudzo yakananga, APA yako inotsanangura inofanira kugara ichibatanidza nhamba yemapeji apo chitubu chinogona kuwanikwa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo uri kuchitaura sangano rakafanana neAmerican Psychological Association (APA), tsanangura zita rose iwekutanga iwe unotaura. Zvose zvinodzokorora zvinoshandisa shanduro yakakodzera.
APA Kutaura nezveMichina Sources
Iyo chaiyo yaunoshandisa iyo APA inotaura nezvemagetsi yemagetsi inobva kune rudzi rwemagazini inoshandiswa. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, maitiro acho achava akafanana zvikuru neaya mabhuku kana magazini epepanhau, asi iwe unofanirwawo kusanganisira URL yezvakabva uye musi wawakatowanikwa mubhuku rekutarisa. Dzidza zvakawanda munyaya ino pamusoro pekutsanangura magetsi epa APA .
> Kwakabva:
> American Psychological Association. Publication Manual yeAmerican Psychological Association (6th ed.) . Washington DC: The American Psychological Association; 2010.