Kuziva Njere Kunonoka Kunyange Kusara Kupfuura Mhirizhonga
Kunwa doro kunogona kukanganisa zvose maikoro emakemikari uye kugadzirisa kushanda, asi apo iwe unofunga kuti iwe unowanazve humbozha hwemotokari nokukurumidza kukunda iwe unofunga kushanda, izvo zvinogona kukupa pfungwa dzisina kururama yekuchengeteka.
Sezvaunotanga kuporeswa kubva pakudhakwa kwakanyanya, uye ropa rako-inodhaka yehuwandu inotanga kuderera, iwe unowanazve humwe unyanzvi hwemotokari - seyavo inoda kushandiswa motokari - nekukurumidza kudarika iwe unogonazve kuwana nekuziva mashoko.
Nokudaro, iwe unogona kukwanisa kuitika mumuviri - somuenzaniso, kune imwe motokari pakarepo ichimira pamberi pako - nekukurumidza sezvaungagona iwe usingadiri, asi iwe unogona kuita mhinduro isina kururama - sekumanikidzira accelerator pane kuputsa.
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Pane zvikamu zvitatu zvekugadzirisa mashoko:
- Stimulus identification / pfungwa
- Chisarudzo chekupindura / cognition
- Mhinduro yekuuraya / motokari nzira
Kana iwe usina kukanganiswa newaini iwe unokwanisa kugadzirisa ruzivo runonoka. Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti kunyange iwe unofungisisa zvimwe zvekugona kwako kugadzirisa ruzivo irworwo runonoka.
Kupera Kwemashoko Okugadziriswa
"Tichifunga kuti mabasa akawanda anoda mamwe maitiro ekugadzirisa mashoko uye kuti doro nderimwe remishonga inowanzoshandiswa yekuvaraidza, takafunga kuti kunyatsoongorora kuti doro rinoparadza sei ruzivo rwekugadzirisa mashoko rwakakodzera," akadaro Tom A.
Schweizer, we Rotman Research Institute muToronto uye wokutanga munyori wekudzidza. "Zvisiri pachena kubva kune zvidzidzo zvepakutanga ndezvokuti kupesana uku kunokonzerwa nekuderera kwepakati imwechete - kureva, kunzwisisa, kunzwisisa, kana motokari - kana kuderera kwezvikamu zvose mukati memashoko ekugadzirisa mashoko.
"Uyewo, zvidzidzo zvishomanana zvakatarisa zvakananga kusiyana kwekudhakwa kwekudhakwa pamusana pekufunga kwekushanda panguva yekukwira nekuderera ropa doro rega (BACs)," akadaro. "Imwe yezvinangwa zvekutsvakurudza uku ndeyekutarisa kana kusagadzikana kwekuita basa kunofanana nemotokari inoshanda panguva yekukwira nekuderera kweBAC."
Kunonoka Mukupindura
Schweizer nevamwe vake vakaongorora 34 vane utano hwakanaka, varume vanodhakwa nevanhurume vachishandisa nguva yekufunga kwepfungwa (PRP) paradigm.
"Purodigm yePPR inopedza miganhu yekwanisi yemunhu yekugadzirisa ruzivo kana mabasa maviri apera mukutsvaga nokukurumidza," akadaro Schweizer. "PRP inoreva kuchera kwekugadzirisa ruzivo kubva kune chechipiri basa rinokurudzira kana rinonyatsotevera basa rekutanga rinokurudzira Kunyanya, kana doro rinokanganisa chiitiko chekuziva nezvekugadziriswa kwemashoko, kuderedza kukuru mukupindura-kureva kuwedzera kwekuita nguva - basa rechipiri rinofanira kuonekwa. "
Chidzidzo cheSchweizer chakaongorora mapoka maviri evanhu vatori vechikamu 17, rimwe rawo rakapiwa doro rakakwana kuti riwedzere ropa ravo-doro rinowanikwa pa 0.10. Zvavakaita nguva dzakanyorwa pazvinyorwa uye apo BAC dzavo dzaikura uye dzichirasika.
Zvinonyanya kukosha Mistakes
Kutsvaga kwekuedza kwaisanganisira:
- Doro rewaini rakagadzira zvikanganiso zvakanyanya panguva yakakwira yekombe yeBAC
- Zvikanganiso zvakaramba zvichienderera mberi pakuburuka kwechikamu chemukati weBAC
- Doro rewaini rakaratidza nguva yakareba yekuita nguva panguva yekusimudzira BAC
- Nguva dzekupindura dzakadzokera kumazinga ekutanga apo BAC dzakaramba
Kuziva Njere Kunowana Zvishoma Zvishoma
"Zvatinowana zvinoratidza kuti motokari yekushandiswa kwemashoko inowanikwa panguva yekuderera kweBACs, asi zvinoratidzika kuti kunzwisisika kwemigumisiro yezvinodhaka zvinodhaka zvakanaka pashure pemotokari inodzokera kumashure ekushaya zvinodhaka," akadaro Schweizer. "Kuderedza kuderedza motokari sezvo BAC inoderera kunogona kugadzira kunyengera kwekuzara kwakakwana uye kukurudzira kuita kwezvinhu zvinoda magadzirirwo emagariro asiri kukanganisa."
"Mumwe aigona kufungidzira mamiriro ezvinhu ayo mabhanhire akaputsika ari mumotokari mberi achaerekana aitika," akadaro. "Kuti arege kupesana, mutyairi anofanira kubva achibvisa tsoka yake kubva mugesi uye kuora mwoyo kubhururuka. Mutyairi ane BACs ari kuderera anogona kuita sezvaanoita asi asingagoni kupindura zvisina kururama nekupomera pamhanyi panzvimbo yekuputsa. kumhanya kwemupinduko kwakafanana, asi mutyairi achangobva kuita kukanganisa kunodhura. "
Kukurumidza uye Kururama Kunofanira Kuedzwa
Schweizer akati kutsvakurudza uku kunosimbisa kukosha kwekuyera zvose zviri zviviri nekukurumidza kwekuziva kushanda kwepamusoro pakutsvaga zvinokonzera doro kudhakwa .
"Zvigumisiro zvakare zvinoratidza kukosha kwekuedza zvinokonzerwa nedoro pazvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana paropa rekuisa doro," akadaro. "Zvichienderana nezvamunotarisa paBAC mutsindo iwe unogona kuwana mhedzisiro yakasiyana-siyana. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kumabasa anowedzera kugadzirisa kushanda."
Kuwedzera Kwengozi Yezviitiko
Vatsvakurudzi vakaratidza kuti vanonwa doro vanonyatsochenjerera pavanenge vachiedza kuenzana nokudzikinura kwavo kubva pamigumisiro yekudhakwa kunwisa doro .
"Kusarura pakati pemotokari uye kugadzirisa kugadzirisa ... kunokonzera njodzi dzakasiyana dzinogona kunge dzine dambudziko kune njodzi dzengozi. Anwiwa anenge ari kuda kuendesa motokari mushure mokunge adzoka kubva kunwa doro kunogona kuve nengozi kupfuura kunyanya kunwa nokuti vanonyengera vachifunga kuti ' Zvakanaka. "
Sources:
Schweizer, TA, uye al. "Kutsanya, asi Kukanganisa-Kunowanikwa, Mhinduro Pakati Paya Doro Rinodhakwa Doro: Migumisiro yeStimulus-Mhinduro yeMapikicha Kunzwisisa." Kunwa doro: Kuongorora uye Kuongorora Ongororo muna 2005
Streufert, S et al. "Migumisiro yekudhakwa kudhakwa pamusana pokutora njodzi, mazano, uye kukanganisa kwemaitiro pakuona maitiro." Journal of Applied Psychology August 1992