Schachter uye Singer's Theory of Emotion
Chii chinonyatsoita manzwiro? Maererano nedzimwe pfungwa huru yemanzwiro, pane zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha: chimiro chemuviri uye chirevo chekuziva. Mune mamwe mazwi, ruzivo rwemanzwiro runosanganisira kutanga kuva nemhando yehupenyu hwemagariro iyo pfungwa inobva yataura.
Mafungiro ekufungidzira manzwiro akatanga kubuda mukati mema1960, sechikamu chezvinhu zvinowanzozonzi "kugadziriswa kwepfungwa" mune zvepfungwa.
Imwe yepfungwa dzekutanga dzekufungisisa kwemazwi aive yakarongedzwa naStanley Schachter naJerome Singer, anozivikanwa se nyanzvi mbiri yekufungidzira.
Ndezvipi Zvinyorwa zviviri-Chikonzero?
Kufanana naJames-Lange dzidziso yemanzwiro, uye kusiyana nemanzwiro eCannon-Bard yemanzwiro, Schachter uye Singer vakafunga kuti kumutswa kwepanyama kwakatora chinhu chikuru mumanzwiro. Zvisinei, ivo vakaratidza kuti kumukira uku kwakangofanana kune manzwiro akasiyana-siyana, saka kumuka kwepanyama chete hakugoni kuva nemhosva yemhinduro dzemanzwiro.
Iyo pfungwa mbiri-pfungwa inotarisa pamubatanidzwa pakati pekumuka kwepanyama uye kuti tinoziva sei kuti inomutsa. Mune mamwe mazwi, kungonzwa kunzwa kumutsa hakuna kukwana; isu tinofanirawo kuziva kusununguka kuitira kuti tinzwe manzwiro.
Saka, fungidzira iwe uri woga mumoto wekupakira uchifamba uchienda kumotokari yako. Mumwe munhu asinganzwisisiki anoerekana abuda kubva mumusara wepamiti wemiti uye zvinokurumidza kusvika.
Kuenzanirana kunotevera, maererano nedzidziso mbiri, zvinogona kunge zvakadai:
1. Ndinoona munhu asinganzwisisi achifamba kwandiri.
2. Mwoyo wangu uri kutamba uye ini ndiri kudedera.
3. Kukurumidza kwemoyo wemoyo nekudedera kunokonzerwa nekutya.
4. Ndinotya!
Iyo nzira inotanga nechisimba (munhu asingazivikanwi), iyo inoteverwa nekumhanya kwepanyama (kukurumidza kwemoyo nekubvunda).
Kuwedzera kune izvi ndiko kugadziriswa kwemazwi (kusonganisa kugadzikana kwenyama kune kutya), iyo inokurumidza kuteverwa nehupenyu hunoziva hwekutya (kutya).
Nzvimbo yakangoita inobata basa rinokosha mukuita kwepanyama mumiririro uye kunyorehwa. Mumuenzaniso wepamusoro, rima, kusurukirwa uye kusangana kamwe-kamwe kwemueni asingatyi kunobatsira pakuzivikanwa kwemanzwiro sekutya. Chii chaizoitika kana iwe uchifamba uchienda kumotokari yako zuva rakanyorova uye zuva rakwegura rakatanga kuswedera kwauri? Panzvimbo pokunzwa kutya, unogona kududzira kupindura kwako kwepanyama sechinhu chakadai sokuda kuziva kana kufunganya kana mukadzi wacho achiita seanoda rubatsiro.
Chiedza cheSchachter uye Singer
Mukuedza kwakaitwa muna 1962, Schachter uye Singer vakaisa mazano avo kuedza. Boka revarume vane gumi nemakumi masere (184) vakapindira rakakonzerwa ne epinephrine , hormone inobereka kukwidza kunosanganisira kuwedzera kwemwoyo, kudedera, nokufema nokukurumidza. Vose vevatori vechikamu vakaudzwa kuti vakanga vachirayiwa nemishonga mitsva kuti vaedze maziso avo. Zvisinei, boka rimwe revatori vechikamu rakatsanangurwa zvinogona kuitika pamigumisiro iyo injection inogona kukonzera apo rimwe boka revatori vechikamu risina.
Vavatori vakaiswa ipapo muimba pamwe nemumwe mubatanidzwa uyo aive akabatanidzwa mune zvekuedza. Munhu akabatanidzwa angaita mune imwe yenzira mbiri: euphoric kana kutsamwa. Vaparidzi vakanga vasati vamboudzwa nezvemigumisiro yechipiro yacho vainyanya kunzwa kuti vanofara kana kuti kutsamwa kupfuura avo vakaudzwa. Vaya vakanga vari muimba nevanopindirana vese vaiva nemikana yekududzira migumisiro yemigumisiro yechirwere semufaro, apo avo vakazarurirwa kune vakatsamwa vakanyanyogona kutsanangura manzwiro avo sehasha.
Schacter uye Singer vakanga vafungidzira kuti kana vanhu vakaona manzwiro avakanga vasisina tsanangudzo, ivo vaizotaura manzwiro aya vachishandisa manzwiro avo panguva ino.
Migumisiro yechiratidzo yakaratidza kuti vatori vechikamu vakanga vasina tsanangudzo yemanzwiro avo vaiwanzoita kuti vave nemafungiro emanzwiro evanhu vakabatana.
Kugunun'una kweZviri-Factor Theory
Kunyange zvazvo kutsvakurudza kwaSchachter uye Singer kwakakonzera kutsvakurudza kwakawanda, nheyo yavo yakave ichigadziriswa. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vakanyatsotsigira zvitsva zvekudzidza kwepakutanga uye dzimwe nguva vakaratidza migumisiro inopesana.
Mukupindurwa kwakaitwa naMarshall naZimbardo , vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti vatori vechikamu vakanga vasingachazogoni kuita chido kana vaine chikwata chepamusoro pane apo vainge vasangana nevematongerwo enyika vasina kubatana. Mune rumwe ruzivo rwaMaslach, pfungwa yekufungidzira yakashandiswa kuita kuti vanhu vateerere panzvimbo yekuraira epinepherine. Zvigumisiro zvinoratidza kuti kusanzwisisika kusinganzwisisiki kwemuviri kwaive kwakanganisa kuunza mafungiro asina kunaka pasinei nokuti ndeupi rudzi rwekubatana kwavakaitwa.
Mamwe kutsoropodza kwemashoko maviri aya:
- Dzimwe nguva manzwiro ane ruzivo tisati tafunga nezvavo.
- Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vakatsigira mazano aJakobe-Lange okuti pane zvipimo zvepanyama zvakashata pakati pemanzwiro.
> Sources:
> Marshall, G., & Zimbardo, PG Zvakakosha migumisiro yekusagadziriswa kunotsanangurwa kwehupenyu. Zvinyorwa zveMunhu uye Social Psychology. 1979; 37: 970-988.
> Maslach, C. Kukanganisa manzwiro ekunyadzisa kwekusatsanangurwa kusinganzwisisiki. Zvinyorwa zveMunhu uye Social Psychology. 1979; 37: 953-969. doi: 10.1037 / 0022-3514.37.6.953.
> Reisenzein, R. The Schachter nyanzvi yekufunga: Makumi makumi maviri gare gare. Psychological Bulletin. 1983; 94: 239-264.
> Schachter, S. uye Singer, JE Kuchenjerera, zvemagariro evanhu uye zvepanyama zvinogadzirisa zvemashoko. Psychological Review. 1962; 69: 379-399