Pasi Pano Dzidziso yeHutungamiri

A Flexible Leadership Style

Icho chimiro chetungamiri chehutungamiri chinoratidza kuti hapana humwe hutungamiri hutsika hwakanaka. Pane kudaro, izvi zvose zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu aripo uye rudzi rwehutungamiri nemaitiro zvakanakisisa-zvakakodzerwa nebasa racho. Maererano nedzidziso iyi, vatungamiri vanobudirira ndevaya vanogona kugadzirisa maitiro avo kumamiriro ezvinhu uye kutarisa mashoko akadai sorudzi rwebasa, maitiro eboka, nezvimwe zvinogona kuita kuti basa riitike.

Mamiriro ezvinhu ehutungamiri hwehutano anowanzotumidzwa seHersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Theory, mushure mekuvandudza kwayo, Dr. Paul Hersey, munyori we "The Situational Leader," uye Kenneth Blanchard, munyori we "One-Minute Manager."

Utungamiriri hweHersey uye Blanchard's Styles

Hersey naBlanchard vakaratidza kuti kune humwe hutatu hutungamiri hutsika:

• Kutaura (S1): Muutungamiri huno hutungamiri, mutungamiri anoudza vanhu zvavanofanira kuita uye kuti vanozviita sei.
• Kutengesa (S2): Izvi zvinosanganisa zvimwe zvakare-uye-kunze pakati pevatungamiri nevateveri. Vatungamiriri "vanotengesa" mazano avo nemashoko kuti vagoita nhengo dzeboka kuti dzitenge muchiito.
• Kubatanidzwa (S3): Munzira iyi, mutungamiri anopa mazano mashoma uye anobvumira nhengo dzeboka kuti dziite basa rinokosha mukuuya nemafungiro nekuita zvisarudzo.
• Kutumira (S4): Iyi nzira inoratidzirwa nekusaitika kunobatanidzwa, maoko-off approach kumutungamiri. Nhengo dzeboka dzinowanzoita zvizhinji zvezvisarudzo uye dzinotora zvizhinji zvebasa rezvinoitika.

Maturity Levels

Nzira yakarurama yeutungamiri inoenderana zvikuru nehutano hwekukura (kureva, ruzivo ruzivo uye ruzivo) rwevanhu kana boka.

Nyaya yaHersey naBlanchard inoratidza maitiro mana akasiyana ekukura, kusanganisira:

• M1: Nhengo dzeboka hadzina ruzivo, unyanzvi, uye chido chokupedzisa basa racho.

• M2: Nhengo dzeboka dzinoda uye dzinofarira, asi hazvikwanisi.
• M3: Nhengo dzemapoka dzine unyanzvi uye unokwanisa kukwanisa basa racho, asi hazvidi kutora mutoro.
• M4: Nhengo dzemapoka vane ruzivo rwakakwana uye vanoda kugumisa basa racho.

Kufananidza Utungamiri Masitadhi Nokukura Kwekukura

Muenzaniso weHersey-Blanchard unoratidza kuti uhu hutungamiri hutsika ndehu hwakakosha zvikuru kune huwandu hwekukura:

• Kukura Kwishoma (M1) -Kutaurira (S1)
• Kukura kwakakura (M2) -Kutaura (S2)
• Kukura kwakakura (M3) -Kutarisa (S3)
• Kukura Kwepamusoro (M4) -Kutaurira (S4)

A Flexible Leadership Model

Imwe nzira "yekuudza" ingave yakakosha pakutanga kwepurogiramu apo vateveri vasina basa kana ruzivo rwekushanda ivo pachavo. Sezvo vamiririri vane ruzivo uye vane ruzivo, zvisinei, mutungamiri angada kutamira kune imwe nzira yekupa mvumo. Iyi mienzaniso yehutungamiri inotarisa kushanduka kwezvinhu kuitira kuti vatungamiri vakwanise kugadzirisa maererano nezvinodiwa nevateveri vavo uye zvido zvemamiriro acho ezvinhu.

Nzira yehutungamiri hwehutungamiri inodzivirirawo matambudziko emhando imwe chete yekuziva kuburikidza nekuziva kuti pane nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutarisana nechinetso uye kuti vatungamiri vanofanira kukwanisa kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu uye kukura kwehutano hwevatungamiri kuti vaone kuti chii kuswedera pedyo kuchave kwakakosha pane chero nguva ipi zvayo.

Mamiriro ehutano hwemamiriro ezvinhu, saka, anopa hukuru kune hutano hwehutano hwemagariro evanhu uye vanhu vazhinji vanoita mabasa akasiyana avo vachazopedzisira vaine chikamu kuzoguma.

The SLII Model

Iko Mamiriro Eutungamiri II (kana kuti SLII model) yakagadzirwa naKennen Blanchard uye inovaka paBlanchard uye Hersey yedzidziso yepakutanga. Maererano nehuwandu hwemapurisa ehutano, vatungamiri vanobudirira vanofanira kusimbisa mararamiro avo pamusana pekukura kwemajeri emapoka mamwe mabasa. Nzvimbo yekusimudzira inoratidzirwa nehutano hwemunhu wese wekwanisi uye kuzvipira.

Aya mazinga anosanganisira:

• Enthusiastic beginner (D1): Kuzvipira kwakakwirira, unyanzvi hushoma.
• Kuodzwa mwoyo mudzidzi (D2): Mamwe mano, asi zvipingamupinyi zvakatungamirira kuzvipira zvakaderera.
• Anokwanisa asi anonyatsochenjerera (D3): Unyanzvi huri kukura, asi hutano hwekuzvipira hunosiyana.
• Munhu anozvimiririra (D4): Unyanzvi hukuru uye kuzvipira.

SLII Utungamiri Tsika

SLII inoratidzawo kuti hutungamiri hunobudirira hunoenderana nemitemo miviri inokosha: kutsigira uye kutungamirira. Kutungamirira maitiro kunosanganisira kupa mazano uye mirayiridzo yakananga uye kuedza kudzora maitiro evanhu vemapoka. Kutsigira maitiro kunosanganisira zviito zvakadai sekukurudzira vateereri, kuteerera, nekupa kugamuchira uye kupindura.

Dzidziso iyi inoratidza hutatu hunotungamirira hutungamiri hutsika, kusanganisira:

• Kutungamirira (S1): Kukuru pane kutungamirira maitiro, pasi patsigiro dzekutsigira.
• Coaching (S2): Kukuru pane zvose zvinotungamirira nekusimbisa maitiro.
• Kutsigira (S3): Kuderera pakurongedza maitiro uye zvakakwirira pakutsigira maitiro.
• Kutumira (S4): Kuderera pane zvose zviri kutungamirira nekusimbisa maitiro.

Nheyo huru ye SLII nheyo ndeyekuti hapana imwe yeiyo hutungamiri hutsika hwakanaka. Pane kudaro, mutungamiri anobudirira achafananidza maitiro ake kune unyanzvi hwokubudirira hweumwe neumwe pasi pebasa riripo.

Zvinhu zvinokosha zveMamiriro ezvinhu

Nyanzvi dzinoratidza kuti pane zvinhu zvina zvakakonzera zvikonzero izvo vatungamiri vanofanira kuziva kana vachiita kuongororwa kwemamiriro acho ezvinhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

1. Vatungamiriri vanofanira kufunga nezvehukama pakati pevatungamiri uye nhengo dzeboka. Zvimwe zvevanhu uye zvekuita zvinogona kuita basa pakusarudza kuti ndeipi nzira iri nani. Semuenzaniso, boka risina kukwanisa uye kubudirira rinogona kubatsirwa nemutauro unosimbisa urongwa, mitemo, uye zvakajeka mabasa. Rimwe boka rakabudirira revashandi vane unyanzvi, kune rimwe divi, rinogona kubatsirwa nehuwandu hwezvematongerwo enyika hunobvumira nhengo dzeboka kuti dzishande zvakazvimirira uye dzinobatsira muzvisarudzo zvehurongwa.
2. Mutungamiri anofanira kuongorora basa racho pacharo. Mabasa anogona kubva kubva nyore kuenda kune akaoma, asi mutungamiri anoda kuva nemafungiro akajeka ezvo basa iri rinosanganisirei kuti aone kana rakabudirira uye rinobudirira rinobudirira.
3. Nzvimbo yehutungamiri iyo mutungamiri ane pamusoro pemapoka eboka anofanirwawo kufungwa. Vamwe vatungamiri vane simba rakapiwa nechinzvimbo chairo, zvakadai sekukwanisa kupisa moto, kubhadhara, mubairo, kana kutsiura vari pasi. Vamwe vatungamiri vanowana simba kuburikidza nehukama hwavo nevashandi, kazhinji nekuwana ruremekedzo kubva kwavari, vachipa rubatsiro kwavari, uye vachivabatsira kunzwa vanowanikwa mubato rokuita zvisarudzo.
4. Sezvinoratidzwa nemuenzaniso weHersey-Blanchard, vatungamiri vanofanira kufunga nezvekukura kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe cheboka. Kukura kwehutano chinhu chekukwanisa komunhu kupedzisa basa, pamwe nekuda kwake kugumisa basa racho. Kupa basa kune nhengo inoda asi asikwanisi inyanzvi ndeye kukanganisa kwekukundikana.

Kukwanisa kuvhara hutano hwemumwe wevashandi hunoita kuti mutungamiriri asarudze nzira yakanakisisa yeutungamiri kubatsira vashandi kuti vaite zvinangwa zvavo.

> Sources:

> DuBrin AJ. Utungamiri: Tsvakurudzo, Zviwanikwa, Kuita, uye Unyanzvi. Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Kudzidza; 2013.

> Gill R. Theory uye Practice of Leadership. London: Sage Publications; 2011.

> Hersey P, Blanchard KH. Kutungamira kweHurongwa hweHurumende - Kushandisa Zvigadzirwa zvevanhu . New Jersey / Prentice Hall; 1969.

> Hersey P, Blanchard KH. Upenyu Purogiramu Yeutungamiri. Kudzidzira uye Kuvandudza Journal. 1969; 23 (5): 26-34.

> Nevarez C, Wood JL, Penrose R. Leadership Theory uye Community College: Kushandisa Nyanzvi yekuita. Sterling, Virginia: Stylus Publishing; 2013.