A List of Psychological Disorders

Izwi rechipfungwa chirwere dzimwe nguva rinoshandiswa kureva kune izvo zvinowanzozivikanwa sezvirwere zvepfungwa kana matambudziko epfungwa. Kushungurudzika kwepfungwa zviratidzo zvekuzvibata kana zvepfungwa zvinokonzera nzvimbo dzakawanda dzehupenyu. Matambudziko aya anokonzera kutambudzika kune munhu ane zviratidzo izvi.

Kunyange zvazvo isiri runyorwa rwakakwana rwehutano hwepfungwa dzose, urongwa hutsva hunosanganisira mamwe emakakatani makuru ematambudziko anotsanangurwa muDaagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders (DSM). Ikozvino shanduro yechiratidzo chekuongorora ndeye DSM-5 uye yakasunungurwa munaMay 2013. DSM ndiyo imwe yenzira dzakashandiswa zvikuru pakugadzirisa zvinetso zvepfungwa uye inopa maitiro akaenzana ekuongororwa.

1 - Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Neurodevelopmental disorders ndiyo iyo inowanzoongororwa muhucheche, huduku, kana kuti kuyaruka. Izvi zvinetso zvepfungwa zvinosanganisira:

• Kunetseka kwepfungwa (kana Intellectual Developmental Disorder) kwaimbova kunzi kutadza pfungwa. Urwu urwu hwekukura kwehutano hunotangira mushure mezera remakore gumi nemasere uye hunoratidzwa nekukanganisa mune zvose zvouchenjeri nekushandura mafambiro.
  
  Kukanganisa kwekushanda kwepfungwa kunowanzoonekwa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kweIQ miedzo , ine nhamba yeIQ iri pakati pe70 ne75 inowanzoratidza kuvepo kwekugadziriswa. Maitiro ekugadzirisa ndeaya anosanganisira maitiro ezuva nezuva, akadai sekuzvitarisira, kushamwaridzana nevamwe, uye unyanzvi hwokugara.
• Kukurumidza kunonoka kwekukurumidza kunonoka kuongororwa kwekuremara kwekuremara kune vana vari pasi pemakore mashanu. Kunonoka kwakadaro kunoreva kukanganisa, kushandiswa kwevanhu, kutaura, mutauro, uye unyanzvi hwemotokari. Inowanzoonekwa sechiitiko chechinguva chekushandisa kuvana vaduku vachiri vaduku kuti vatore maitiro eIQ akaenzana. Kana vana vachisvika muzera apo vanogona kutora muongorori hwekuongorora kwehuchenjeri, vanogona kuonekwa kuti vane urema hwepfungwa.
• Matambudziko ekukurukurirana ndeaya anokonzera kukwanisa kushandisa, kunzwisisa, kana kuona mutauro uye kutaura. DSM-5 inoratidzira maitiro mana akasiyana ekutaurirana kwehutano: chirwere chemutauro, chirwere chekutaura kwehutano, utano hunotanga kurwara hutachiona (kutengesa), uye hutano ( pragmatic) kutaurirana chirwere.
• Autism spectrum disorder inoratidzirwa nekukanganisa kusingaperi mukukurukurirana kwemagariro evanhu nekukurukurirana munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzehupenyu pamwe nekuregererwa nekudzokorora maitiro ekuzvibata. Sangano re DSM rinotsanangura kuti zviratidzo zvekuvhiringidzika kwevirist-disorder zvinofanira kuvapo panguva yekukura kwekutanga uye kuti zviratidzo izvi zvinokonzera kukanganisa kwakanyanya munzvimbo dzinokosha dzehupenyu dzinosanganisira kushanda kwehutano uye hwebasa.
• Kucherechedza-kusagadzikana kwehutano hwehutano hunoonekwa nehupenyu hunoramba huripo hwekusaziva-kusagadzikana uye / kana kukanganisa kunopesana nekushanda uye kunozviratidza mumamiriro maviri kana kupfuura akadai semusha, basa, chikoro, uye zvemagariro. Iyo DSM-5 inotsanangura kuti dzinoverengeka zvezviratidzo zvinofanira kunge dzaivepo vasati vava nemakore gumi nemaviri uye kuti zviratidzo izvi zvinofanira kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa pamagariro evanhu, zvebasa, kana zvekudzidzira.

2 - Bipolar uye Matambudziko Akafanana

Bipolar disorder inozivikanwa nekushanduka kwemafungiro uyewo kuchinja kwebasa uye masimba emagetsi. Dambudziko racho rinowanzobatanidza kuona mazamu pakati pemafungiro akakwirira uye nguva dzekuora mwoyo. Mafungiro akadai akadaro anogona kududzwa uye anotumidzwa kune mania kana hypomania.

Kuenzaniswa nevekare yakabudiswa neDMM, mu DSM-5 iyo nzira ye manic uye hypomanic episodes inosanganisira kuwedzera kuongororwa kuchinja kwemazinga emagetsi uye basa pamwe nekuchinja kwemashoko.

• Mania inoratidzirwa nekufunga zvakanyanya kufara uye kunyange hyper. Nguva dzenguva dzemania dzimwe nguva dzinozivikanwa nemanzwiro ekuvhiringidza, kusagadzikana, uye kuvimba kwakanyanya. Vanhu vane mania vanogonawo kuita zvinhu zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro yakareba kwenguva refu yakadai sekubhejera uye kutengesa zvishoma.
• Dambudziko rekudzvinyirira rinoratidzwa nemanzwiro ekusuwa kukuru, kushaya mhosva, kuneta, uye kusagadzikana. Munguva yekuora mwoyo nguva, vanhu vane chirwere cheBipolar vanogona kutadza kufarira mabasa avo vaimbova nawo, vanotarisana nezvinetso zvekurara, uye kunyange vane pfungwa dzekuzviuraya.

Zvose manic and depression episodes zvinogona kutyisa kumunhu wese ane zviratidzo izvi pamwe chete nemhuri, shamwari, uye vamwe vanodiwa vanocherechedza mafambiro aya nemashanduko emafungiro. Nenzira yakanaka, kurapa kwakakodzera uye kunobudirira , iyo inowanzobatanidza mishonga uye psychotherapy , inogona kubatsira vanhu vane bipolar disorder kugadzirisa zvakanaka zviratidzo zvavo.

3 - Kuzvidya mwoyo Nhamo

Matambudziko ekuzvidya mwoyo ndeaya anozivikanwa nekutya kukuru uye kusingagumi, kushushikana, kuzvidya mwoyo uye kukanganisika kwehutano hwehutano. Kutya kunosanganisira manzwiro emanzwiro kune dambudziko, pasinei nekutyisidzira kwechokwadi kana kuonekwa. Kuzvidya mwoyo kunosanganisira kutarisira kuti inguva yemberi ingasimuka.

Mune imwe tsvakurudzo yakabudiswa muChinyorwa cheGeneral Psychiatry , yakafungidzirwa kuti vazhinji vanenge 18 kubva muzana vevanhu vekuAmerica vanotambura nevanenge vaine chirwere chekuzvidya mwoyo.

Mitemo yekuzvidya mwoyo zvinosanganisira:

• Chirwere chinokonzerwa nekuzvidya mwoyo chinoratidzwa nekunyanyisa kunetseka pamusoro pezviitiko zvezuva nezuva. Kunyange zvazvo kushungurudzika uye kushungurudzika kune chikamu chechigarire uye chinowanzojairika chehupenyu, GAD inosanganisira kunyanya kunetseka zvokuti kunopesana nehupenyu hwevanhu nekushanda.
• Agoraphobia inoratidzirwa nekutya kwekutaura nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzevanhu. Vanhu vane ruzivo urwu vanowanzotya kuti vachatambura nekutya kwekurwa mune imwe nzvimbo iyo kupona kunogona kuoma.
  
  Nemhaka yekutya uku, avo vane agoraphobia vanowanzodzivisa mamiriro ezvinhu angangotanga kurwisa kushungurudzika. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuzvipira uku kunogona kusvika pane imwe nzvimbo iyo munhu asingakwanisi kunyange kusiya imba yake pachake.
• Kushungurudzika kwehutano hwemagariro ndechirwere chisingawanzwisisiki chepfungwa chinosanganisira kutya kwekusafunga kwekutariswa kana kutongwa. Kuzvidya mwoyo kunokonzerwa nehutano uhwu kunogona kuchinja zvikuru hupenyu hwomunhu uye kuita kuti zvive zvakaoma kushanda pachikoro, basa, uye mamwe maitiro evanhu.
• Kunyanya phobias kunosanganisira kutya kwakanyanya kwechinhu chipi nechipi kana mamiriro ezvinhu munharaunda. Mimwe mimwe mienzaniso inowanzozivikanwa inonzi phobias inosanganisira kutya kwezvitsva, kutya kwezvitsuwa, kana kutya nyoka. Mhando ina dzinonyanya kushandiswa dzakasiyana-siyana dzinosanganisira zviitiko zvenyama (kutinhira, kujekesa, mhirizhonga), kurapwa (kurapwa, mazinyo, magadzirirwo emishonga), mhuka (imbwa, nyoka, mishonga), uye mamiriro (nzvimbo duku, kubva kumusha, kutyaira) . Apo inotarisana nechinhu chinonzi phobic kana mamiriro ezvinhu, vanhu vanogona kunetseka, kutengesa, kukurumidza kwemoyo wemwoyo, uye kunyange kutya kwekufa.
• Dambudziko repfungwa ndiro chirwere chepfungwa chinoratidzirwa nekutyisidzika kunowanzoita sechinobva kune bhuruu uye pasina chikonzero zvachose. Nemhaka yeizvi, vanhu vane dambudziko rekushungurudzika kazhinji vanowanzova nekuzvidya mwoyo uye kufungisisa pamusoro pekugona kwekutya kwekutya.
  
  Vanhu vanogona kutanga kudzivisa mamiriro uye zvirongwa apo kushorwa kwakaitika munguva yakapfuura kana kuti kwavanogona kuitika mune ramangwana. Izvi zvinogona kusimba kukanganisika kwakanyanya munzvimbo dzakawanda dzehupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye kuita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuita zviito zvekare.
• Kuparadzanisa kushungurudzika kwepfungwa chirwere chekuzvidya mwoyo chinosanganisira kuwanda kwekutya kana kushungurudzika kwakabatana nekuparadzaniswa kubva kuzvibatanidza nhamba. Vanhu vanowanzoziva pfungwa yekuparadzanisa kuzvidya mwoyo sezvinoenderana nevana vaduku vanotya kuva kunze kwevabereki vavo, asi vana vakwegura nevakuru vanogona kuzviona zvakare. Kana zviratidzo zvikava zvakanyanya zvokuti zvinopindira nekugadzirisa kushanda, munhu wacho angave akaonekwa kuti ane kuparadzana nekuzvidya mwoyo chirwere.
  
  Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kutya kwakanyanya kwekuve kure nemutarisiri kana chibatanidza chifananidzo. Munhu ari kutambura idzi zviratidzo angarega kudzika kure nemusha, achienda kuchikoro, kana kuti kuroora kuitira kuti arambe ari pedyo nechechi chibatanidzi.

4 - Kutambudza uye Matambudziko Anokonzerwa Nezvidzvinyiriri

Matambudziko-uye zvinetso zvinokonzera kushungurudzika zvinosanganisira kuratidzwa kwechiitiko chinoodza mwoyo kana chinotyisa. Izvi zvakambove zvakakonzerwa nezvinetso zvekuzvidya mwoyo asi zvino zvinoonekwa seboka rakasiyana rematambudziko.

Matambudziko anowanikwa munyaya iyi anosanganisira:

• Yakanyanya kuora mwoyo chirwere , iyo inoratidzirwa nekubuda kwekuzvidya mwoyo kwakanyanya mukati memwedzi mumwechete mushure mekutarisana nechiitiko chinoshungurudza chine njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, hondo, njodzi, uye kupupurira rufu.
  
  Somugumisiro, munhu wacho angave ane zviratidzo zvekudzivisa zvisizvo zvakadai semafungiro ekuchinja kwechokwadi, kusakwanisa kurangarira zvinhu zvinokosha zvechiitiko chacho, uye kujekesa kwakajeka sokunge kuti chiitiko chacho chave chichiwedzera. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira kuderedzwa kwekunzwa kwemanzwiro, zvinotambudza zvinorangarirwa zvekushungurudzika, uye kunetseka kutarisana nemanzwiro akanaka.
• Kugadziriswa kwekugadzirisa kunogona kuitika sekupinduka kwekuchinja kamwe-kamwe kwakadai sokurambana, basa kurasikirwa, kuguma kweukama hwepedyo, kufamba, kana kumwe kurasikirwa kana kuora mwoyo. Urwu urwere hwepfungwa hunogona kukanganisa vose vana nevakuru uye hunoratidzwa zviratidzo zvakadai sekuzvidya mwoyo, kusagadzikana, kuora mwoyo, kushungurudzika, kutsamwa, kusava netariro, uye manzwiro ekuzviparadzanisa.
• Kudarika-kunetseka mupfungwa kunetseka kunogona kukura mushure mekunge mumwe munhu awana hupenyu hunovhiringidza. Zviratidzo zvePTSD zvinosanganisira zvikamu zvekuona kana kutizve kuona chiitiko chacho, kudzivisa zvinhu zvinokuyeuchidza munhu nezvechiitiko chacho, kunzwa zviri pamucheto, uye kuva nemafungiro akaipa. Njodzi dzinotyisa, zvipfeko, kuputika kwehasha, kunetseka kuisa pfungwa, kuwedzeredza kugadzirisa kupindura, uye kuoma kukuyeuka zviitiko zvechiitiko chacho zvishomanana zviratidzo zvinogona kuitwa nevanhu vane PTSD.
• Kuita zvekuita kugadzirisa dambudziko kunogona kuguma kana vana vasingagadziri hukama hwehutano hune hutano uye zvibatanidzwa nevakuru vakwegura munguva yemakore mashomanana ekutanga ohucheche. Zviratidzo zvechirwere zvinosanganisira kuregererwa kubva kune vakwegura vakwegura uye kuvhiringidzika kwemagariro evanhu kunokonzerwa nemapurogiramu ekuchengetwa kwakakwana nekuregererwa.

5 - Dissociative Disorders

Matambudziko aDissociative ane matambudziko epfungwa anosanganisira kupesana kana kukanganisa mune zvimwe zvekuziva , kusanganisira unhu uye chiyeuchidzo .

Matambudziko eDissociative anosanganisira:

• Dissociative amnesia inosanganisira kurasikirwa kwenguva pfupi kwepfungwa semugumisiro wekuparadzanisa. Muzviitiko zvizhinji, kurasikirwa uku, izvo zvinogona kuramba kwenguva pfupi kana kwemakore akawanda, ndezvikonzero zveimwe mhando yekutambudzika kwepfungwa.
  
  Dissociative amnesia yakawanda kupfuura kungoita kukanganwa . Avo vanoona chirwere ichi vanogona kuyeuka zvimwe zviitiko pamusoro pezviitiko, asi vangave vasina kumboyeuka zvimwe zvezvinhu zvakapoteredza nguva yakatarwa.
• Dissociative disorder disorder , yakambozivikanwa sehuwandu hwehutano hwehutano, hunosanganisira kuvapo kwemashoko maviri kana kupfuura zvakasiyana kana humwe huno. Mumwe nomumwe wehupenyu hwake ane nzira yake yekuona nekubatana nemhepo. Vanhu vane chirwere ichi vane ruzivo rwakachinja mufambiro, chirangaridzo, maonero, manzwiro ekufunga, uye kuziva.
• Kunyanya kufambisa / kusagadzirisa dambudziko kunoratidzwa nekunzwa kuva kunze kwemuviri wako (depersonalization) uye kuregererwa kubva kune chokwadi (kuderedza). Vanhu vane chirwere ichi vanowanzonzwa manzwiro ezvisizvo uye kusagadzikana kusingabvumirwi kubva pane zvavanofunga, manzwiro, uye kuziva.

6 - Chiratidzo cheSomatic uye Zvinetso Zvimwe

Aimborehwa pasi pekutungamirirwa kwemashoko echibvumirano, iyi nharaunda ino inozivikanwa sematic chiratidzo uye matambudziko akasiyana. Zvinetso zveSomatic zvirwere ndeyekirasi yekushungurudzika kwepfungwa kunosanganisira zviratidzo zvakakurumbira zvemuviri izvo zvingasava nechikonzero chekuona chikonzero chemuviri.

Kusiyana nenzira dzakapfuura dzekufungisisa zvinetso izvi zvichienderana nekushayikwa kwetsanangudzo yezvechiremba kwezviratidzo zvepanyama, ikozvino kuongororwa kunosimbisa pfungwa dzisina kunaka, manzwiro, uye maitiro anowanikwa mukupindura zviratidzo izvi.

Matambudziko akabatanidzwa munyaya iyi:

• Somatic zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nehutano zvinosanganisira kufungisisa nezviratidzo zvemuviri zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuita zvakanaka. Izvi zvakakonzera matambudziko zvinokonzera kushungurudzika mupfungwa uye kuoma kukunda mararamiro ezuva nezuva.
  
  Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti zviratidzo zve somatic hazviratidzi kuti munhu wacho ari kuedza kurwadziwa kwake mumuviri, kuneta, kana zvimwe zviratidzo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, hazvisi zviratidzo zvepanyama izvo zvinokanganisa hupenyu hwomunhu sezvazvakanyanya kuita uye zviito zvinoguma.
• Kurwara kushungurudzika kwehutano kunoonekwa nekunyanya kunetseka pamusoro pokuva nechipatara chisingazivikanwi. Avo vane chirwere ichi chepfungwa vanozvidya mwoyo zvakanyanya pamusoro pemabasa emuviri nemanzwiro, vanogutsikana kuti vane kana kuti vachawana chirwere chakakomba, uye havasimbiswi apo mishonga yezvechipatara inodzoka zvakare isina kunaka.
  
  Uku kunyanya kurwara nechirwere kunokonzera kushungurudzika kukuru uye kushushikana. Izvo zvinotungamirira kune kuchinja mukuzvibata zvakadai sekutsvaga kuongororwa kwezvokurapa / marapirwo uye kudzivisa mamiriro ezvinhu anganganisa ngozi yehutano.
• Kutendeuka kusagadzikana kunosanganisira kuona motokari kana zviratidzo zvisinganzwisisiki zvisinganzwisisi neurological kana tsanangudzo yezvoutano. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, chirwere chinotevera kukuvadzwa kwepanyama kana kunetseka kunyange izvo zvinoguma mupfungwa mupfungwa uye mupfungwa.
• Chirwere chechokwadi , icho chakashandiswa kuva nechikamu chayo, ikozvino chabatanidzwa pasi pechiratidzo chekuona uye chinetso chakakanganiswa chikamu che DSM-5. Chirwere chinokonzera ndechokuti munhu anogadzira nemaune, akacheka, kana kuwedzeredza zviratidzo zvekurwara. Munchausen syndrome, umo vanhu vanofananidzira kurwara kuti vakwekwe, ndiyo imwe nzira yakasimba yekukonzera dambudziko.

7 - Kudyisa uye Kudya Kudya

Kudya kushungurudzika kunoratidzika nekunetseka kunokonzerwa nokurema nekuvhiringidza kudya mitezo iyo inopesana nehutano hwepanyama uye hwepfungwa. Zvokudya uye zvinetso zvekudya izvo zvaiwanzoongororwa panguva yehucheche nehucheche zvakatamirwa kune chikamu mu DSM-5.

Mhando dzezvinetso zvekudya dzinosanganisira:

• Anorexia nervosa inoratidzirwa nekudzivirira kushandiswa kwezvokudya zvinotungamirira kukurasikirwa kwemazivi uye uremu hwemuviri huri pasi. Vaya vane chirwere ichi vanewo hanya uye vanotya kuwana uwandu pamwe nekuona kusina kunaka kwekuonekwa kwavo uye maitiro avo.
• Bulimia nervosa inosanganisira binging uye zvino kutora matanho akakomba okubhadhara mabheji aya. Aya maitiro ekudzivirira anokwanisa kusanganisira kuzvirambidza kunokonzerwa nekuzvitsvaira, kushungurudzwa kwemalasiki kana kuti diuretics, nekuita zvakanyanyisa muviri.
• Kuyerera chirwere kunoratidzirwa nekudzoka zvakare kunyoreswa kana kumedzwa kudya kuitira kuti iipedze kana kuidya zvakare. Vakawanda veavo vanokonzerwa nedambudziko iri vana kana vanhu vakuru vanove nekukurumidza kunonoka kana kukuremara kwepfungwa. Zvimwe zvinetso zvinogona kuguma kubva pamitemo iyi zvinosanganisira kuora mazino, esophageal ulcers, nekushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri.
• Pica inosanganisira kuda uye kupedza zvinhu zvisiri zvekudya zvakadai sevhu, pende, kana sesefu. Dambudziko iri rinowanzobata vana neavo vanekuremara kwekuremara.
• Binge-chirwere chekudya chakatanga kubudiswa mu DSM-5 uye inosanganisira zvikamu zvekudya zvakanyanyisa apo munhu wacho anodya chikamu chisingaverengeki kwemaawa mashoma. Vanhu havasi ivo chete vanodya zvokudya, zvisinei, vanonzwawo sekuti havagoni kudzora kudya kwavo. Kuda kudya zvikamu zvinowanzokonzerwa nemamwe manzwiro akadai sekunzwa kufara kana kufunganya, nekunyara, kana kutevera zviitiko zvinoodza mwoyo.

8 - Kurara - Wake Matambudziko

Kushungurudzika kwehope kunosanganisa kukanganisa mumararamiro ekurara anokonzera kushungurudzika uye kunokanganisa kushanda kwemasikati.

Mienzaniso yezvirwere zvehope:

• Kusaputsika kwepfungwa ndiyo mamiriro ezvinhu umo vanhu vanoona kushaiwa kusingatarisirwi kurara. Vanhu vane chirwere chinonzi narcolepsy vangaona kurasikirwa kamwe kamwe kwemanzwi.
• Kuora mwoyo kusuruvara kunosanganisira kukonikana kuwana hope yakakwana kuti unzwe uchizorora. Nepo vanhu vose vanoona zvinetso zvekurara nekuvhiringidzika pane imwe nguva, kusuruvara kunoonekwa sechirwere kana ichifambidzana nekutambudzika kukuru kana kuora mwoyo kwemazuva.
• Hypersomnolence disorder inoratidzwa nehope yakanyanyisa panguva yemasikati kana kurara kwenguva refu yeusiku. Vanhu vane chirwere ichi vanogona kurara mukati mezuva panguva dzisina kukodzera dzakadai sebasa uye kuchikoro. Mukuwedzera pane izvi zvakanyanya kukotsira, vanhu vane hypersomnolence vanogonawo kuva nekuzvidya mwoyo, zvinetso zvekuyeuka, kurasikirwa kwechido, kunonoka kufunga, nekusavhiringidza pakumuka.
• Kushungurudzika-kwakabatana kwehupombwe kunokonzerwa nehumwe hunosanganisira kufema kubata zvinosanganisira kubatwa kwepnea uye chirwere chisingagumi chinogona kuitika panguva yehope. Zvinetso izvi zvinofema zvinogona kukonzera kukanganiswa kwenguva pfupi muhope izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kune dzimwe matambudziko kusanganisira kusuruvara uye kurara kwemasikati.
• Parasomnias dzinosanganisira kushungurudzika kunoratidza maitiro asina kunaka anowanikwa panguva yokurara. Matambudziko akadaro anosanganisira kurara, kurara kunotyisa, kurara kutaura, uye kurara kudya.
• Mitsipa dzisina kugadzikana chirwere chinetso chepfungwa chinosanganisira kusagadzikana kunetseka mumakumbo uye chido chisingachinjiki chekutamisa makumbo kuitira kuti usununguke manzwiro. Vanhu vane chirwere ichi vanogona kunzwa vachikwira, kutamba, kupisa, uye kutambaira mumakumbo avo zvichikonzera kufamba kwakanyanya izvo zvino kunopesana nehope.

Matambudziko okurara ane chokuita nezvimwe zvirwere zvepfungwa pamwe nekusawirirana kwehope zvakabatana nehutano hwehutano zvakabviswa kubva ku DSM-5. Ikozvino shanduro yeDSM inopawo zvakanyanya kusimbiswa kwemamiriro ezvinhu ehumwe hwehutano hwekurara.

Kuchinja uku, APA inotsanangura, "inosimbisa kuti munhu ane chirwere chehope achibvumirana nekuchengetedzwa kwechirongwa chekuchengetedzwa kwezvokuchengetedza, pamwe nehupi hwehutano hwehutano uye hwepfungwa huripo, uye hunobvuma zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona uye zvinopindirana pakati pezvirwere zvekurara uye kurarama kwehutano hwehutano uye hwepfungwa . "

9 - Kuvhiringidza, Kushushikana-Kudzora, uye Kuipa Kwemitemo

Kushungurudza-kukonzera kushungurudzika kune izvo zvinosanganisira kusakwanisa kudzora manzwiro nemafambiro, zvichiita kuti zvikuvadze iwe pachako kana vamwe. Izvi zvinetso nemitemo yepfungwa nemitemo inoratidzirwa nezviito zvinoputsa kodzero dzevamwe dzakadai sokuparadza pfuma kana kushungurudzika uye / kana izvo zvinopesana nemitemo yemagariro evanhu, zviremera zvehurumende, nemitemo.

Mhando dzekuvhiringidza-kugadzirisa zvinetso:

• Kleptomania inosanganisira kusakwanisa kudzora chido chokuba. Vanhu vane kleptomania vanowanzoba zvinhu zvavasingadi chaizvo kana vasina mari chaiye yepamutengo. Vaya vane chirwere ichi vanowedzera kukakavara vasati vaita zveba uye vanonzwa vazorodzwa uye vanogutsikana mushure mezvo.
• Pyromania inosanganisira kufadzwa nemoto kunoguma nezviito zvemoto-kutanga izvo zvinogadzirisa iwe pachako nevamwe.
• Dambudziko rekuputika kwepakati rinokonzerwa nekutsamwa kwenguva pfupi yekutsamwa nechisimba zvisingaenzaniswi nemamiriro ezvinhu. Vanhu vane chirwere ichi vanogona kuputika mukutsamwa kwehasha kana kuti kuita zvechisimba mukupindura kushungurudzika kwezuva nezuva kana kuora mwoyo.
• Maitiro ekusawirirana ndiwo mamiriro ezvinhu akawanikwa mune vana uye vari kuyaruka vari pasi pemakore gumi nemasere vanogara vachiputsa tsika dzevanhu uye kodzero dzevamwe. Vana vane chirwere ichi vanoratidza kurwisana kune vanhu nemhuka, kuparadza pfuma, kuba uye kunyengera, uye kuputsa dzimwe mitemo nemitemo. Maitiro aya anoguma nezvinetso zvakakosha mune zvidzidzo zvevana, basa, kana hutano hwevanhu.
• Kupesana nenyaya yekusagadzikana kunotanga kusati kwava nemakore gumi nemasere uye kunoratidzirwa nekushora, kusagadzikana, kutsamwa, utsinye, uye kutendeseka. Kunyange zvazvo vana vose vachiita zvisina kunaka dzimwe nguva, vana vanopesana nehutano husina hanya vanoramba kuteerera vanhu vakuru vanenge vachikumbira nguva dzose uye vanoita maitiro kuti vatsamwire vamwe nemaune.

10 - Zvinyorwa-Zvinowanikwa uye Zvinokonzera Matambudziko

Matambudziko anokonzerwa nemishonga ndeaya anosanganisira kushandiswa uye kushungurudzwa kwezvinhu zvakadai sekhocaine, methamphetamine, opiates nedoro. Izvo zvinetso zvinogona kusanganisira zvinhu-zvinokonzerwa nemamiriro ezvinhu zvinogona kuguma mune dzakawanda zvirwere zvinosanganiswa zvinosanganisira kudhakwa, kubvisa, kubuda kwepfungwa, kushungurudzika uye kusununguka.

Mienzaniso yezvirwere zvine chokuita nezvinhu:

• Matambudziko ane chokuita newaini anosanganisira kudhakwa, doro rinoshandiswa (uye rinowanzoshandiswa) muUnited States.
• Matambudziko anokonzerwa neCannabis anosanganisira zviratidzo zvakadai sekushandisa zvakanyanya kupfuura pakutanga, kunzwa kusakwanisa kurega kushandisa chiremba, uye kuramba uchishandisa pasinei nemigumisiro yakaipa muupenyu hwako.
• Kushandisa-kushandiswa kwemishonga kunosanganisira kuburitsa mafesi kubva kune zvinhu zvakadai semapuranga kana zvinokonzera. Sezvimwe nezvimwe zvirwere zvine chokuita nemishonga, vanhu vane chirwere ichi vane ruzivo rwezvinhu izvi uye vanoona zvakaoma kutonga kana kurega kuita muitiro.
• Stimulant use disorder is a new category now found in DSM-5 iyo inosanganisira kushandiswa kwemashoko akadai semamet, amphetamines, uye cocaine.
• Kusvuta fodya kushungurudza kunoratidzwa nezviratidzo zvakadai sekudya fodya yakawanda kudarika zvakarongwa, kunetseka kuderedza shure kana kurega, zvido, uye kutambura zvinokonzera kusangana nemagariro evanhu semugumisiro wekushandisa fodya.

Iyo DSM-5 inosanganisirawo kubhejera chirwere pasi peizvi. IAmerican Psychiatric Association inotsanangura kuti shanduko iyi "inoratidza uchapupu huri kuwedzera uye hune humwe humwe humwe unhu hwakadai sekubhejera, kuita kuti uropi hupiwe hurumende nemigumisiro yakafanana neyemishonga yekudzvinyirira uye kuti kubhejera zvirwere zvinoratidzika zvakadai sezvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakushandisa zvinetso kune imwe nzvimbo . "

11 - Neurocognitive Disorders

Neurocognitive disorders inoratidzirwa nehutachiona hwekunzwisisa mumagariro. Matambudziko aya haasanganisi avo avo vasina kukanganisa cognition vaivapo pakuberekwa kana kumangwanani muupenyu.

Mhando dzekugadzirisa zvinetso dzinosanganisira:

• Delirium , iyo inozivikanwa seyakanyanyisa yakavhiringidza nyika, iyo inowedzera kwenguva pfupi (kazhinji maawa mashomanana kana mazuva mashomanana) uye inoratidzwa nekuvhiringidza mukucherechedza nokuziva.
• Matambudziko makuru uye anononoka eurocognitive ane chinonyanya kukosha chekuwana kugadzirisa kugadzirisa mune imwe kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinosanganisira kuyeuka, kutarisa, mutauro, kudzidza, nekuona. Izvi zvinokonzera kugadzirisa zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwehutano huri kusanganisira chirwere cheAlzheimer, utachiona hweHIV, chirwere chePalinson, kushandisa zvinhu / kushandisa mishonga, zvirwere zvevascular, nezvimwe.

12 - Maitiro evanhu

Kushushikana kwehuunhu kunoratidzwa nehupenyu hunogara huripo hwemangariro, marangariro, uye maitiro anokwanisa kukanganisa zvakanyanya kuhukama uye nedzimwe nzvimbo dzoupenyu.

Mhando dzehutano hwemunhu dzinosanganisira:

• Unhu hwehutano hwehutano hunoonekwa nehurefu hwekuregerera mitemo, mitemo yevanhu, uye kodzero dzevamwe. Vanhu vane chirwere ichi vanowanzotanga kuratidzira zviratidzo munguva yehuduku, vane ruzivo rwekunzwa tsitsi kune vamwe, uye kusazvidemba kwezviito zvavo zvinokuvadza.
• Kudzivisa hutano hwehutano kunosanganisa kusagadzikana kwevanhu uye kushushikana kurambwa. Manzwiro akadaro ekusava nekuchengeteka anotungamirira kune matambudziko makuru nehupenyu hwehupenyu hwezuva nezuva nekushanda.
• Borderline hutano hwehutano hunobatanidza nezviratidzo zvinosanganisira kusagadzikana kwepfungwa, kusagadzikana uye kwakasimba hukama hwevanhu, kusagadzikana kuzvidzora, uye kusazvibata.
• Kuzvidzivirira kwehutano hwemunhu kunosanganisira muenzaniso usingagumi wekutya kuparadzana uye kudiwa kwakanyanya kunofanira kutarisirwa. Vanhu vane chirwere ichi vanowanzotanga muzviito zvakagadzirirwa kuunza zviito zvinopa kupa vamwe.
• Histrionic personality disorder inobatanidza nemaitiro ekufungidzira kwakanyanya uye maitiro ekutsvaka kufungisisa. Vanhu vane mamiriro ezvinhu aya vanonzwa vasinganzwisisiki mumamiriro ezvinhu apo haasi ivo vanonyanya kutarisa, vanokurumidza kuchinja manzwiro, uye vanogona kuita mumitemo isina kukodzera yakagadzirirwa kukwezva vamwe.
• Narcissistic personality disorder inobatanidza nehupenyu husingaperi hwekuzvipira, kuzvidzora, uye kunzwira tsitsi. Vanhu vane chirwere ichi vanowanzova vanofarira ivo pachako kupfuura vamwe.
• Kucherechedza-kumanikidzika kwehupenyu kukanganisika inzira yakawanda yekufungisisa nekurongeka, kukanganisa, kusagadzikana, uye kugadzikana kwepfungwa uye kunyanzvi. Izvi zvakasiyana nemamiriro ezvinhu kunze kwekuvharira kusagadzikana kwepfungwa (OCD).
• Paranoid unhu hwehutano hunoratidzwa nokusavimba kwevamwe, kunyange mhuri, shamwari, uye shamwari dzorudo. Vanhu vane chirwere ichi vanoona vamwe vavariro sevanokuvadza, kunyange vasina uchapupu kana kururamiswa.
• Schizoid hukama hwehutano hunosanganisira zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kurega kushamwaridzana nevamwe. Vanhu vane chirwere ichi vanotungamirirwa kune hupenyu hwavo hwemukati uye havawanzofariri hukama. Kazhinji vanoratidza kusava nemanzwiro ekutaura uye vanogona kutonhora uye vasina hanya.
• Schizotypal person disorder features eccentricities mukutaura, maitiro, maitiro, uye kufunga. Vanhu vane chirwere ichi vanogona kunge vaine zvitendero zvisingadikanwi kana "kufunga zvemashiripiti" uye kuoma kuumba ukama.

Shoko Rinobva

Zvinetso zvepfungwa zvinogona kukanganisa kushanda kwezuva nezuva, hukama, basa, chikoro, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzinokosha. Nekuongororwa kwakakodzera uye kurapwa, zvakadaro, vanhu vanogona kuwana rusununguko kubva kune zviratidzo zvavo nekuwana nzira dzekutsungirira zvakanaka.

> Sources:

> American Psychiatry Association. Kuongorora uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.

> American Psychiatric Association. Pfungwa dzekuchinja kubva DSM-IV-TR kusvika DSM-5; 2013.

> American Psychiatry Association. Kuongorora uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.

> Kessler, RC, Chiu, WT, Demler, O., & Walters, EE Kuwedzera, kusuruvara, uye kukanganiswa kwematambudziko gumi nemaviri eDMM-IV kuNational Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Archives of General Psychiatry. 2005; 62 (6): 617-27.

> National Institute of Mental Health. Bipolar disorder; 2016.

> National Institute of Mental Health. Panic Dambudziko: Apo Kutya Kunowedzera. 2016.