Rimwe bhokisi re Skin Skin, iro rinozivikanwa nekambani yekugadzirisa mukamuri, inoshandiswa zvakagadzirirwa ine bhari kana chinhu chinoshandiswa nemhuka kana kushandiswa kuitira kuwana zvokudya kana mvura sechimiro chekusimudzira.
Yakasimbiswa naBF Skinner , bhokisi iri rakange rinewo chigadziro chakanyora mhinduro imwe neimwe yakapiwa nemhuka uyewo purogiramu yakasiyana yekusimbiswa iyo mhuka yakagoverwa.
Skinner akafuridzirwa kuti atange nzvimbo yake yekugadzirisa mukamuri sekuwedzera kwemabhokisi epapisidho Edward Edward rakashandiswa zvikuru mukutsvakurudza kwake pamusoro pemutemo wekushanda . Skinner pachake haana kutaura nezvechigadzirwa ichi seConner box, pane kusarudza izwi rokuti "lever box."
Bhokisi Reganda Rinoshandiswa Sei?
Saka sei magweta epfungwa uye vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanoshandisa bhokisi re Skinner pavanenge vachitsvakurudza? Iyo yakagadzirwa ne Skinner mabhokisi inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwemhuka uye kuchinja kwekuedza. Bhokisi iri kamuri rinobatanidza imwe yevhisi, bar, kana kuti chinhu chinoshandiswa nemhuka.
Kana chidimbu ichidzvinyirirwa, zvokudya, mvura, kana chimwe chimiro chekusimbisa chingaparidzirwa. Zvimwe zvinokonzera zvinogona kuiswawo zvinosanganisira magetsi, inzwi, uye mifananidzo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, pasi rekamuri rinogona kushandiswa magetsi.
Ndeipi chaiyo yakanga iri chinangwa chebhokisi reConner? Kushandisa chigadzirwa chevatsvakurudzi vanogona kunyatsodzidza mufambiro mune imwe nzvimbo yakarongeka.
Semuenzaniso, vatsvakurudzi vanogona kushandisa bhokisi re Skinner kuti vaone kuti purogiramu yekusimbiswa inotungamirira kune yakakwirira zvakadini mhinduro munyaya dzekudzidza.
Mienzaniso Yekuti Mabhokisi Anogadzirwa Sei Akashandiswa Mukutsvakurudza
Somuenzaniso, fungidzira kuti mumwe mutsvakurudzi anoda kuziva kuti chirongwa chipi chekusimbisa chinotungamirira kune zvakanyanya kupindura mazinga.
Njiva dzinowanikwa mumakamuri ekugadzirisa mafungiro uye dzinogamuchira mapepa ezvokudya zvekucheka pachigamba chekupindura. Dzimwe njiva dzinogamuchira mapepa kumhinduro dzose (inotsigirwa kusimbiswa) asi vamwe vanowana mapepa mushure mekunge imwe nguva kana kuti nhamba yezvingapindurwa zvakaitika (zvishoma nezvishoma kusimbiswa).
Muchidimbu chekusimbisa shanduro, dzimwe njiva dzinogamuchira pfudzi mushure mekunge dzichikanda pakiyi katatu. Izvi zvinozivikanwa sehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu . Njiva mune rimwe boka dzinogamuchirwa shure mushure mezviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvipinduriro, izvo zvinozivikanwa sechitsinhanho chekusiyana-mukati . Kunyange zvakadaro, dzimwe njiva dzinopiwa chirongo mushure menguva yemaminitsi gumi yapfuura. Izvi zvinonzi purogiramu yakatarwa-nguva . Muboka rekupedzisira, njiva dzakapiwa kusimbiswa panguva dzenguva dzenguva dzese, iyo inozivikanwa sechitsinhanho -nguva yenguva .
Kana imwe nyaya ichinge yawanikwa kubva kumatambudziko ari mubhokisi re Skinner, vatsvakurudzi vanogona kutarisa kudikanwa kwekupindura uye kutarisa kuti zvirongwa zvipi zvinotungamirira kune yakakwirira uye yakawanda yakawanda yemhinduro.
Chimwe chinhu chinokosha chokucherechedza ndechokuti bhokisi re Skinner harifaniri kusanganiswa neimwe yeConner's zvimwe zvigadzirwa, mwana wechechi. Pachikumbiro chomudzimai wake, Skinner akasika chifukidzo chinopisa nehwindo replexiglass raive rakagadzirirwa kuva rakachengeteka kudarika zvimwe zviyo zvinowanikwa panguva iyoyo.
Kuvhiringidzika pamusoro pekushandiswa kwechirwere kwakatungamirira kwacho kuchivhiringidzika nechigadzirwa chekuedza, chakaita kuti vamwe vatende kuti chikwata chaConner chaive chaicho chiri kuchinja kwebhokisi re Skinner.
Pane imwe nguva, runyereku rwakapararira kuti Skinner akanga ashandisa chidimbu mukuedza kunoitwa nemwanasikana wake, zvichiita kuti apedze kuzviuraya. Bhokisi re Skinner nechecheche rinoshevedza zvisikwa zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana zvachose, uye Skinner haana kuita zvidzidzo kumwanasikana wake kana nechirwere, uyewo mwanasikana wake haana kutora hupenyu hwake.
Bhokisi reConner rakava chimbo chinokosha chekudzidza maitiro akadzidza uye zvakabatsira zvikuru kunzwisisa kwatinoita zvemigumisiro yekusimbisa uye kurangwa.
Sources:
Schacter, DL, Gilbert, DT, & Wegner, DM (2011). Psychology. New York: Worth, Inc.
Skinner, BF (1983). Nyaya yemigumisiro. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.