Sei Fixed-Reinforcement Schedules Influence Behavior
Mune maitiro akashanda, purogiramu yakatarwa-yehuwandu ihurongwa hwekusimbiswa apo mhinduro inosimbiswa chete mushure mechiverengero chakaverengeka chemhinduro. Chaizvoizvo, nyaya yacho inopa nhamba yakatarwa yemhinduro uye ipapo mudzidzisi anopa mubairo. Imwe yerudzi rwechirongwa ichi ndeyekuti inobereka chikwata chapamusoro, chichigadzikana chekupindura nekanguva pfupi pfupi mushure mekuendeswa kwesimba.
Kana iwe uchiyeuka, kushandiswa kwemamiriro ezvinhu kunosanganisira kusimbisa kana kuderedza mafambiro kuburikidza nemubairo uye kurangwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandura mafambiro zvichienderana nemigumisiro yezviito izvozvo. Mune mamwe mazwi, kana mufambiro unoteverwa nemigumisiro inofadza, ipapo tsika iyo inowanzoitikazve munguva yemberi. Kana, kune rumwe rutivi, chiito chinoteverwa nemigumisiro isingadi, saka chiito chacho hachikwanisi kuitikazve munguva yemberi.
Bhizinesi BF Skinner akacherechedza kuti chiyero icho chimiro chakasimbiswa, kana purogiramu yekusimbiswa, yakagadzirisa kuwanda uye simba remhinduro. Purogiramu yakasarudzwa-yehuwandu yehuwandu ingongova imwe yemarongwa ayo Skinner akacherechedza.
Ndezvipi Zvakajeka-Maitiro Anoshanda Pabasa?
Purogiramu yakatarwa-yehuwandu inogona kunzwisiswa nekutarisa pazwi pachayo. Fixed inoreva kubhadharwa kwemubairo pane purogiramu isingagumi.
Ratio inoreva nhamba yemhinduro dzinodiwa kuitira kuti ugone kusimbiswa. Semuenzaniso, purogiramu yakatarwa-yehuwandu inogona kunge iri kutora mubairo wemhinduro yechishanu yega yega. Mushure mokunge nyaya yacho inopindurwa kune zvinokonzerwa kashanu, mubairo unopiwa.
Saka fungidzira iwe uri kudzidzisa ikirati purogiramu kuti unyore bhatani kuitira kuti ugamuchire mapepa ezvokudya.
Iwe unosarudza kuisa kari pane imwe yakagadzirirwa-inokwana 15 (FR-15) purogiramu. Kuti mugamuchire mapepa ezvokudya, rato rinofanira kupinda mumhinduro yekushanda (kuvhara bhodhi) ka15 nguva isati yawana ganda rekudya. Purogiramu yakagadziriswa, saka tambo ichagara ichiwana puroti nguva imwe neimwe iyo inomanikidza tsvina.
Zviratidzo zveHixed-Ratio Schedule
Saka zvakagadziriswa zvakadini purogiramu yakatarwa-yehuwandu ine maitiro ekupindura?
- Migumisiro yakakwirira, yakasimba kugadzirisa kusvikira kugadziriswa kuchiendeswa
- Inonyanya kushandiswa paunodzidza unhu hutsva
- Inotungamirira kumhinduro shoma pfupi mushure mekusimbiswa, asi kupindura nokukurumidza kunotanga zvakare
Kazhinji, purogiramu yeFR inotungamirira kumatunhu akakwirira ekupindura anotevera kupera-pause-burst pattern. Vateereri vachabvuma pamutengo mukuru kusvikira kusimbiswa kunopiwa, panguva iyo pachava nenguva pfupi. Zvisinei, kupindura kuchadzokazve zvakare pamwero mukuru.
Chimwe chezvakanaka zvegadziriro yakatarwa-yehuwandu yehuwandu ndeyekuti inotungamirira kune yakakwana yakakwirira yekupindura, pasinei kazhinji kazhinji pfupi pfupi mushure mokunge mubairo wapiwa. Chimwe chingave chinokanganisa ndechokuti nyaya dzingakurumidza kupera kubva pakukwira kwepamusoro kwakadaro kana dzinogona kupera shure mushure mekusimbiswa kwakasiyana siyana kwakapiwa.
Mimwe Mienzaniso Yezvigadziriswa-Ratio Schedules
- Production Line Work: Vashandi pafekitari yejerigethi vanobhadharwa nemashiripiti gumi nemashanu anogadzira. Izvi zvinoguma nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekutengesa uye vashandi vanotora kutora zvishoma zvishoma. Zvinogona, zvakadaro, zvinotungamirira kune kupisa uye basa rakaderera.
- Kuunganidza Zviratidzo muMutambo Wemavhidhiyo: Mumitambo yakawanda yemavhidhiyo, unofanirwa kuunganidza zviratidzo zvakawanda, chinopesana, kana pfungwa kuti uwane rumwe rudzi rwemubairo.
- Sales Commissions: Mushandi anowana komisheni yekutengeswa kwechitatu kwezvavanoita.
- Makota: Mwana anopiwa mubairo mushure mokunge vawana mashanu eA pabasa rake rechikoro. Mushure mokunge ave wechishanu A pamushandi wekuchikoro, anobva atora chimwe chido.
- Piecework: Jobs inoda X yakawanda yemhinduro kuitira kuti iwane mari. Semuenzaniso, mushandi anogamuchira X chiyero chemadhora kumapiropu zana zana kana zvimwe zvipfeko zana vanoomerera pamhepo.
- Basa remapurazi: Vashandi vekurima vanobhadharwa X mamiriyoni emadhora ezvimedu zvezvibereko zvavanosarudza.
Shoko Rinobva
Purogiramu yakatarwa-yehuwandu inogona kuva nzira inobatsira kune dzimwe mamiriro ezvinhu anoshandisa maitiro ekushanda. Paunosarudza purogiramu, zvisinei, zvinokosha kufunga pamusoro pezvinhu zvakadai sekuti iwe unowanzoda kuti nyaya yacho iite sei uye nguva yakawanda iwe unoda kupa mubairo.
> Sources:
> Domjan, MP. Nheyo dzekudzidza nekuzvibata. Belmont, CA: Cengage Kudzidza; 2009.
> Kalat, JW. Nhanganyaya yePychology. Belmont, CA: Cengage Kudzidza; 2016.