Edward Thorndike aiva mudzidzisi wepfungwa anoremekedzwa uyo anowanzotumidzwa sevaki vemazuva ano ezvesayenzi dzepfungwa. Aive angave akakurumbira kuzivikanwa nemukurumbira wake unozivikanwa bhokisi rinoshandiswa nekatsi rakatungamirira mukusimudzirwa kwemutemo wake wekushanda.
Nyaya yeTrrndike inoratidza kuti mhinduro dzinotevera nekugutsikana dzichazoitika mune ramangwana.
Mutemo wekuita unoratidza zvakare kuti maitiro anotevera kusagutsikana kana kusagadzikana zvishoma zvishoma. Nyaya yeTrrndike yakaitawo basa rinokosha pakusimudzirwa kwehutsika uye BF Skinner's inogadziriswa.
Chinonyanya Kuzivikanwa
- Mutemo Wechiito
- Kazhinji anonzi baba vekudzidza kwemazuva ano
- Kuongorora mhuka
- Nharo-uye-kukanganisa dzidziso yekudzidza
Kuberekwa uye Rufu
- Edward Lee Thorndike akaberekwa musi waAugust 31, 1874 muWilliamsburg, Massachusetts.
- Akafa musi waAugust 9, 1949.
Upenyu Hwokutanga hwa Thorndike
Edward Thorndike aiva mwanakomana wemushumiri weMethodist uye akakurira muMassachusetts. Kunyange zvazvo akanga ari mudzidzi akabudirira zvikuru, pakutanga haana kufarira chikwata chake chekutanga chepfungwa. Kufanana nedzimwe dzakawanda dzepfungwa dzepanguva yake, kufarira kwaTrirnke mune zvepfungwa kwakawedzera mushure mekuverenga bhuku rekutanga rinonzi The Principles of Psychology by William James .
Paakapedza kudzidza kubva kuWesleyan Yunivhesiti muna 1895 ane chikoro chechikoro chesayenzi, Thorndike akazonyora paHarvard University kuti adzidze mabhuku echiChirungu neFrench.
Munguva yemwedzi wekutanga wekutanga, zvakadaro, akatora chirwere chepfungwa chakadzidziswa naWilliam James uye neyechipiri chemamiriyoni ake akasarudza kushandura kuisa pfungwa dzake pane zvepfungwa. Akazoendesa ku Columbia University kwaakadzidza pasi pekutungamirirwa kwepfungwa dzepfungwa James McKeen Cattell .
Mushure mokunge awana Ph.D. kubva kuC Columbia muna 1898, Thorndike pfupi akatora nzvimbo seMubatsiri Purofesa wePedagogy pa Case Western Reserve University. Mugore ra1900, Thorndike akaroora Elizabeth Moulton. Akabva atora basa semuprofesa wepfungwa panyaya ye Teachers College ku Columbia University kwaaizoenderera mberi kudzidzisa mamwe mabasa ake.
Basa reTrirndike uye Mafungiro
Thorndike ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa nokuda kwebumbiro raakadana mutemo wekuita, izvo zvakabuda kubva mukutsvakurudza kwake kuti makati anodzidza sei kutiza kubva mumabhokisi ebhokisi. Maererano nemutemo wekuita, mhinduro dzinokurumidza kuteverwa nemugumisiro unogutsa unowedzera kushamwaridzana nemamiriro ezvinhu uye naizvozvo zvinowanzoitikazve munguva yemberi. Kusiyana neizvi, mhinduro dzakateverwa nemigumisiro yakaipa inowedzera kushamwaridzana uye zvisingabviri kuratidza zvakare mune ramangwana.
Sezvaunogona kufungidzira, iyi nheyo ine simba rakasimba pakuvandudzika kwechikoro chekuita mafungiro. Skinner's operant conditioning process inoratidzira pamutemo uyu, sezvo maitiro anoteverwa nemigumisiro yakanaka inosimbiswa apo avo vanoteverwa nemigumisiro isingadikanwi inowedzera simba.
Mupiro Wake kune Psychology
Kuburikidza nebasa rake nedzidziso, Thorndike yakanyatsobatanidzwa nechikoro chekuAmerica chekufunga chinonzi basa.
Mamwe mazita anozivikanwa ekugadzirisa mabasa anosanganisira Harvey Carr, James Rowland Angell, naJohn Dewey . Thorndike inowanzonziwo baba vezuva rezuva rekudzidza kwepfungwa uye yakabudisa mabhuku akawanda pamusoro penyaya.
Thorndike akasarudzwa mutungamiri weAmerica Psychological Association muna 1912 uye akava mumwe wepfungwa dzekutanga dzepfungwa dzekufunga kuti apinde kuNational Academy of Sciences muna 1917. Nhasi, Thorndike inofanirwa kuyeukwa zvakanakisisa nekuda kwekuzivikanwa kwemhuka dzake dzakakurumbira uye nemutemo wekuita.
Zvinyorwa Zvakasarudzwa naEdwin Thorndike
- Psychology Educational , (1903)
- Nhanganyaya yeNheyo yeMagariro Evanhu Nezvemagariro Evanhu , (1904)
- The Elements of Psychology , (1905)
- Animal Intelligence , (1911)
- The Measurement of Intelligence , (1927)
- Zvinokosha zvekudzidza , (1932)
Sources:
> Fancher, RE Vapayona vePychology . New York: WW Norton & Company; 1996.