Kudengenyeka kwepfungwa kudzvinyirira chirwere (PTSD) chirwere chinoshungurudza uye chirwere chinokonzera kushungurudzika chinokonzera kutadza kushandiswa uye kuchengetwa kwezviitiko zvinotyisa. Nemhaka yemarangariro aya anochengetwa, varwere vane PTSD vanoratidza zviratidzo zvakadai sekuyeuchidza nguva nenguva nezvechiitiko chacho; traumatic nightmares; dissociative flashbacks; hypervigilance ; kuita mutsika-kutora maitiro; uye kuwedzeredza kwekutamba kwekupindura.
Zvikamu zveBongo Zvakaitwa nePTSD
Zvimwe zvivako zvehuropi zvakabatana zvikuru nezvimwe zviratidzo zvePTSD. Izvi zvinosanganisira amygdala uye hippocampus (iyo iri chikamu chechimbic system); nhengo dzinoverengeka dze prefrontal cortex (PFC); pakati-anterior cingulate cortex uye kodzero yakaderera yakatarisa gyrus. PTSD inokonzera kushandiswa kwehuwandu hweimwe yezvivakwa apo dzimwe nhengo dzouropi dzinenge dzisinganyengeri.
Izvo zvose amygdala uye pakati-anterior cingulate cortex inopfuura-inokurudzirwa kana munhu ane chirwere chePTSD. Zvisinei, hippocampus, gyrus yakashata yakaderera, inonzi ventromedial PFC, dorsolateral PFC, uye orbitofrontal cortex vose vanove vasinganyengeri, vamwe kusvika pakuguma kweatrophy.
Kunyanya kazhinji, amygdala inodzora mamwe mabasa ekugadzirisa; kuongororwa kwezvinhu zvinotyisa-zvinokonzera (zvinonyanya kuitika mumamiriro ezvinhu zvinonzwisisika kunge nengozi); kuumbwa nekuchengetwa kwezviyeuchidzo zvepfungwa; kutya conditioning; uye kuyeuka kuyeuka.
Basa guru remakore ekutanga-anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) nderokucherechedza kukakavara. IAAC inobatanidzwawo mukuziva kwepfungwa (kunyanya tsitsi); kunyoresa kurwadziwa kwepanyama, uye kurongedza mabasa ezvokudzivirira zvakaita sepfungwa yemwoyo uye kuwedzerwa kweropa.
Ikoko hippocampus inobatsira kutonga kunhuhwira, kuverenga coding, nekuyeuka.
Kunyanya zvakanyanya hippocampus inobatsira kuchengeta zvenguva refu yekuyeuchidza, chaizvoizvo zvichibatsira kusarudza zvinoitika kubva pakuve kwenguva pfupi yekuyeuka kune izvo zvinova nguva refu yekuyeuka. Iyi nzira yekushandura mhemberero kwenguva pfupi mukuyeuka kwenguva refu ndeye inonzi inonzi kukurudzirwa kuyeuka. Kukuvadzwa kwemukoko kunogonawo kubudisa cortisol yakawandisa (hormone inoshungurudza).
Gyrus yakashata yakaderera inobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa dambudziko rekudzivirira. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kutengesa magnetic stimulation (TMS) yenharaunda iyi yeuropi inogona kuderedza imwe nzira yekuita mungozi.
Izvo zvinokonzera PFC zvinobatsira kudzivisa mafungiro asina kunaka, uyewo kutamba basa mumunhu uye mune zvekugarisana kwekuita zvisarudzo. Icho chinotambawo basa guru mune chikamu chekupedzisira chekuyeuchidza kwekurangarira, pamwe nekuraira kuparara - kuora simba uye pakupedzisira kuparara kwemaitiro akachengetwa.
Dorsolateral PFC inogadzirisa kusarudza uye kushanda chiyeuchidzo. Kushanda chiyeuchidzo chinoshandisa ruzivo rwemukati musati rwava chikamu chenguva refu yekuyeuka panguva yekurangarira kugadziriswa.
Izwi rokuti orbitofrontal cortex, imwe yenhengo dzisinganzwisisiki dzehuropi, dzinoita kunge dzakabatanidzwa mukubatanidza kunzwisisika uye kuratidza zvikwereti zvinotarisirwa uye / kana kurangwa mune imwe mamiriro ezvinhu.
Inogadzirisawo mafungiro nekuita zvisarudzo.
Sangano rose, prefrontal cortex inopindirana kune mabasa akawanda europi, kusanganisira kusungurudzika mupfungwa uye kurongedza kunonoka kwevhesi yehope (kurara kwete kwe REM, kunonzi "kurara zvakadzika").
Basa rehutungamiri hwose hwekodte rinonyanya kuvimba nehutano hwenyika.
Mabasa eBurin uye PTSD Zviratidzo
Paunenge uchiongorora mabasa ezvivako zvakasiyana-siyana zvehuropi, kuwirirana pakati pekushanduka kwezvivako zvemaitiro emabasa uye mamwe zviratidzo zvePTSD zvinowedzera zvakajeka. Semuenzaniso, hippocampus inobatanidzwa mu "tsanangudzo yezvakanyorwa mumusoro uye mukukodhirwa kwechirevo chepamusoro panguva yekutya kutya." Apo hippocampus inokundikana kushanda zvakanaka, inokanganisa nzira iyo munhu anoyeuka uye anoyeuka kuyeuka, kunyanya kuyeuka kunenge kune chinhu chinotyisa - sechiya chinokonzerwa nekutambudzika.
Zviratidzo, izvi zvinoratidzira sezviyeuchidzo zvekare nezvechiitiko; kukanganisa zvisina kururama; uye dissociative flashbacks. Kuchinja kune gyrus yakaderera yakaderera kunobatsira kutsanangura kuti sei varwere vePTSD vanongotanga kuita mabasa akaipisisa. Izvo zvakanyanya-zvekuita zveamygdala zvinoratidza sezviratidzo zve hypervigilance uye kuwedzeredza kwekushuvira kwekuita.
Apo kunyatsoongorora ukama huri pakati peuropi hunoita uye zviratidzo, zvinowedzera nyore kunzwisisa zvakawanda zvezviratidziro zvakaoma zvePTSD. Kunyange zvazvo kunzwisisa uropi nenzira iyi hakugone kupa ruzivo rwakananga kune mumwe munhu anotambura nePTSD, zvinogona kubatsira pakunzwisisa kuti nei zviratidzo zviri kuitika, uye mukubatsira varapi vezvehutano vachienderera mberi nekugadzira matanho anobatsira.
> Sources:
> Fecteau S, Pascual-Leone A, et al. Kushanda kwePrendralal Cortex neTranscranial Direct Current Kukurudzira Kunopedza Chido cheNengozi panguva Isina Kuita Kuita Kuita. Nhamba yeNeuroscience 2007 Jun 6; 27 (23): 6212-8.
> Hayes JP1, Vanelzakker MB, Shin LM. Kushungurudzika uye kugadziriswa kwepabonde muPTSD: kuongororwa kwezvidzidzo zvekushaya pfungwa uye neuroimaging. Mitsara yeUnited Integrated Neuroscience, 2012 Oct 9; 6: 89.
> Mander BA, Rao V, et al. Prefrontal atrophy, yakavhiringidza NREM kufamba kwemafambi uye kusakanganiswa kwechipiro-chivimbo chekuyeuka mukukwegura. Nature Neuroscience, 2013 Mar; 16 (3): 357-64.
> Shin, L., Rauch, S., uye Pitman, R. Amygdala, Medial Prefrontal Cortex, uye Hippocampal Basa muPTSD. Annals weNew York Academy of Sciences, 2006 Jul; 1071: 67-79.