Kuongororwa uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders
Panzvimbo ino uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda, uchawana zvinyorwa kune zvose zvechina uye zvechishanu zvinyorwa zveDaagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders - DSM-IV, yakabudiswa muna 1994, uye DSM-5, iyo ichaiisa pazvinyorwa. Bhuku iri rakabudiswa neAmerican Psychiatric Association uye rine zvigaro zvepamutemo zvekugadzirisa nekuongorora zvirwere zvepfungwa.
Chimwe chikonzero nei izvi zvakakosha ndechokuti bhuku racho rine nheyo dzekuongororwa nenzira imwecheteyo zvirwere zvepanyama. Somuenzaniso, kana chiremba anorayira kuongororwa ropa uye anokupa pepa kuti uende kune labhi, labhi inogona kusimbisa kuti pane chizivo chekuongororwa pane chirongwa nokuti vanofanira kuchipa iyo yekambani yeinishuwarenzi. Ndizvo zvakafanana nezvirwere zvepfungwa: chiremba wepfungwa haagoni kungoudza inshuwarisi yako, "Uyu murwere ane bipolar disorder." Anofanira kuvapa imwe code yehutano hwebipolar disorder.
Nhoroondo yeDMM
Shanduro yekutanga yeDSM yakabudiswa muna 1952, inoratidzira matambudziko 66. Chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvi chaisanganisira mazita mashomanana ezviratidzo, pamwe chete nemamwe mashoko pamusoro pekufungidzirwa kukonzera. Shanduro ye198 yaiva nematambudziko zana, uye muna 1979, shanduro yechitatu yakatsauka kubva pakugadzirisa pfungwa dzepfungwa, yaiva nemapoka ekuongorora makumi maviri uye yakatumira multi-axial system (Axis I kuAxis V).
- Axis I - Clinical Disorders (kusanganisira bipolar disorder)
- Axis II - Kukanganisa Kwevanhu uye Kurapa Kwemangariro
- Axis III - General Medical Conditions
- Axis IV - Zvinetso zvePfungwa uye zveMagariro (zvinonetsa)
- Axis V - Global Assessment yekushanda
DSM-IV yakatanga kubudiswa muna 1994, uye bhuku rakadzokororwa mugore ra2000, rainzi DSM-IV-TR (kunyange zvazvo "TR," kana kuti kuverengazve, kakawanda harina kuiswa mune zvinyorwa zvinotsanangura bhuku racho).
Paunenge uchibatanidza ne "Axis" system, iyi shanduro yakaputsa zvirwere uye zviratidzo pasi muzvikamu kana "zvisarudzo zvemiti." Heano muenzaniso wakakurumidza:
- Zviratidzo zvinofanira kuiswa.
- Panofanira kunge kune zviratidzo zvitatu kana kupfuura zviripo kubva pane zvakanyorwa:
- Chiratidzo A
- Chiratidzo B
- Chiratidzo C
- Chiratidzo D
- Chiratidzo E
- Mamiriro ezvinhu haafaniri kunge aripo.
The New DSM-5
Rakadhindwa muna 2013, DSM-5 inoita kuchinja kwakawanda, vamwe vavo vanokakavara, vamwe kwete. Iyo yakajeka pane iyi ndeyokuti inonzi DSM-5 pane DSM-V. Kushandura kubva kuRoma kusvika kuArabhu nhamba zvinoreva kuti, panzvimbo yekushandisa sarudzo inoshandiswa muna 2000 yakanzi "DSM-IV-TR," chero zviitiko zvingave zvino zvinonzi "DSM-5.1," nezvimwewo, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvive pachena.
Chinhu chakanyanya kuchinja ndechekuti Axis system yakadonhedzwa. Pane kudaro, pane zvitsauko makumi maviri zvine zvikamu zvehutano hwakafanana. "Bipolar uye Matambudziko Akasiyana" ndeyeboka rimwechete. Mimwe mienzaniso ndeyi:
- Kuzvidya Mwoyo Matambudziko
- Kucherechedza-Kumanikidzika uye Matambudziko Akasiyana
- Kushungurudzika Kunetseka
- Kudya uye Kudya Matambudziko
- Unhu hunovhiringidza
Chimwe chepikisano huru ndechokuti Asperger's Syndrome, chirwere chinoratidzika chakaenderana neAustism, chakabviswa. Vabereki vakawanda vane vana vava kunyanya kuziva kuti vane Asperger vanotya vana vavo vacharasikirwa nehutano hunoonekwa kuti hunofanirwa.
Dzimwe humwe humwe shanduko dzakaitwa kuhutano hwemwana hwakakonzera kukakavara kwakapararira, zvichiita zvichiita kuti mumwe mudzidzisi wepfungwa aregure kubva ku DSM-5's Child and Adolescent Disorders workgroup.
Bipolar Disorder mu DSM-5
Kunyangwe ucheche bipolar hutachiona hwakanyatsotsanangurwa uye hunoshandiswa (kunyange husina kunyorwa muDMM-IV) kwemakore mazhinji, vana bipolar disorder haisi itsva kutsvaga mu DSM-5. Panzvimbo pezvo, vana vane zviratidzo zvakadaro vanozopinda mune rimwe boka reDisruptive, Impulse Control, uye Zvinetso zveMitemo, kana kuti kuongororwa iyo chikamu cheboka reDesressive Disorders, rinonzi Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder.
Izvo zvinoita izvi zvinoramba zvichionekwa.
Kune munhu mukuru bipolar disorder, pane iye zvino zvishanu zvinogona kuongororwa:
- C 00 Bipolar I Disorder
- C 01 Bipolar II Disorder
- C 02 Cyclothymic Disorder
- C 03 Zvinhu-Zvinokonzerwa neBipolar Disorder
- C 04 Bipolar Disorder Inosangana Neimwe Chirwere Chirwere
- C 05 Bipolar Disorder Haisi Pamwe Zvimwe Zvitsva
Kuchinja kunosanganisira:
- Kubviswa kwe "Mixed Episode." Pane kudaro, manic, hypomanic kana kushungurudzika chikamu chinogona kusanangurwa se "With Mixed Features," tsanangudzo ine zvarinoreva mubhuku.
- Bipolar II kuongororwa mu DSM-IV yakasanganiswa nhoroondo yezvikamu zvakasanganiswa. Kubviswa uku kwakabviswa, kuchinja kunokosha.
- Mukuwedzera, kuchinja kusina kujeka ndechokuti shoko rokuti "zvisina kufanira" rakanga risingabatanidzwi muChiterion A yemuongorori we hypomanic, pazvaiva muChiterion A yemuenzaniso wevanhu. Izvi zvinounza zvizere zviyero zvezvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana zvezvikamu zvinowirirana pamwe chete.
Mhando imwe neimwe ye bipolar disorder ine izvo zvinonzi zvinonzi specifiers (zvakadai se "With Mixed Features," pamusoro) iyo inonyatsotsanangura chirwere. Chinokosha ndechokuti mbiri yevanyori mu DSM-IV-TR iyo yakabviswa ndeyo "Mukuzara Kwekuregererwa" uye "Mukuregererwa Kwekamwe."
Maitiro Ezvino Maziviro eBipolar Matambudziko uye Zvikamu
Kusvikira DSM-5 ichinyatsoparidzirwa, inyanzvi yekuongororwa ndeyekuti:
1. Bipolar Disorder:
- Bipolar I Disorder
- Bipolar II Disorder
- Cyclothymic Disorder (Cyclothymia)
- Bipolar Kwete Zvimwe Zvichisarudzwa
2. Zvikamu:
- Manic
- Hypomanic
- Kushungurudzika
- Mixed (yakabviswa muDMM-5)
Sources:
Bradley, D. "Yakarongwa DSM-5: Kuchinja uye Kuchinja." National Alliance on Mental Illness.
Dobbs, D. "The New Temper Tantrum Disorder." Slate . 7 Dec 2012.
American Psychiatric Association DSM-5 Kubudirira. Bipolar I Disorder.
American Psychiatric Association DSM-5 Kubudirira. Bipolar II Disorder.
American Psychiatric Association DSM-5 Kubudirira. Manic Episode.
> American Psychiatric Association DSM-5 Kubudirira. Hypomanic Episode.
American Psychiatric Association DSM-5 Kubudirira. Major Depression episode.
American Psychiatric Association DSM-5 Kubudirira. Mixed Features Features.